CN114853825B - 一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114853825B CN114853825B CN202210648896.9A CN202210648896A CN114853825B CN 114853825 B CN114853825 B CN 114853825B CN 202210648896 A CN202210648896 A CN 202210648896A CN 114853825 B CN114853825 B CN 114853825B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法将刺糖药材过筛除杂后用热水提取,依次通过0.16µm微滤膜和截留分子量为10000Da的超滤膜进行分离,浓缩得到刺糖低聚糖部位,得率为70.12%;该部位经离子交换树脂和葡聚糖凝胶色谱柱纯化得到高纯度的刺糖低聚糖,其得率为55.79%,其糖含量达到92.87%。经单糖分析、甲基化与质谱分析鉴定该方法纯化出的刺糖低聚糖为海藻糖。通过本发明所述方法得到的刺糖海藻糖纯度高,活性较广泛;经验证具有益生元(促进益生菌生长)作用。并针对刺糖低聚糖部位进行提取纯化、结构解析和生物活性评价,可为刺糖低聚糖在功能性食药、药品和化妆品中的应用开发提供参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物活性领域,具体而言,涉及一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用。
技术背景
刺糖(Saccharum Alhagi)为骆驼刺枝叶的分泌液凝结而成的糖粒,呈圆球形的小颗粒,黄白色,有粘性,甘甜而不腻,直径1~5mm,维吾尔医惯用名称羊塔克泻克热、塔兰吉卫力。刺糖作为一味传统维吾尔药,在《维吾尔常用药材》中早有记载,至今仍在临床使用,《本草纲目》载:“甘平无毒,清热解毒,消肿止痛”,主治“痰嗽下血”。还可治腹胀腹痛、口舌生疮,可以开塞通窍,强壮身体。《新疆中草药》和维吾尔医理论记载骆驼刺刺糖“性热而燥”,能够滋补强壮,具有益精壮阳、涩肠止痛、祛痰止咳的功效。刺糖已收入于《新疆维吾尔药材标准》,是一类有着良好开发潜力的民族药材。刺糖的药材资源丰富,在民间广泛应用于治疗多种疾病,如肠胃炎、腹泻、溃疡、肝脏疾病、发热、高血压、心绞痛疼痛、头痛和牙痛、炎症、风湿性关节炎、肾石和尿路感染等。可治疗痢疾、腹泻、血尿等疾病。维吾尔族民间常将之与牛奶一起服用,称其性热而燥,可以开赛通窍,强壮身体。刺糖的主要成分为糖类,包括低聚糖和多糖。
低聚糖具有良好的保健功能,在谷物食品、乳酸菌饮料、双歧杆菌酸奶和保健食品尤其是婴幼儿和老年人食品中,作为一种食物配料得到广泛的应用。在保健食品生产中,可单独以低聚糖为原料制作口服液和胶囊,并直接服用来提高免疫、调节血脂、调节肠道菌群、润肠通便等。目前已经开发出了一系列的功能性低聚糖,如:大豆低聚糖、海藻糖、龙胆糖、低聚果糖等,广泛应用于保健品、食品及农牧业生产中。随着生物技术的不断发展,对低聚糖结构与功能的研究也不断加深,其在生物体内的各项重要生物功能将被人们逐步的发现,低聚糖产品的开发和应用将拥有更加广阔的市场空间。我国从90年代中期开始对其进行开发和应用研究,最近几年取得了飞速的发展。
海藻糖(Trehalose)是一种由两葡萄糖分子以α,α-1,1-糖苷键相连而成的非还原性二糖,海藻糖在自然界中许多可食用动植物及微生物体内都广泛存在,如人们日常生活中食用的蘑菇类、海藻类、豆类、虾、面包、啤酒及酵母发酵食品中都有含量较高的海藻糖。海藻糖对于生物体及生物大分子、生物膜等都具有良好的非特异性保护作用,使得细胞免受脱水、高渗变化等环境改变造成的损害,因此被誉为“生命之糖”。此外,海藻糖还具有性质稳定、甜度低、人类吸收缓慢以及不形成龋齿的特点。因此,海藻糖被广泛应用于食品、医药、精细化学品等领域之中。在医学上已经成功地应用海藻糖替代血浆蛋白作为血液制品、疫苗、淋巴细胞、细胞组织等生物活性物质的稳定剂。不仅可以常温条件下干燥存放,更重要的是可以防止因血源污染而引起乙肝、艾滋病等致命疾病的传播,世界卫生组织对此十分重视。无糖食品选用海藻糖和低聚异麦芽糖做食糖替代品,当摄入体内时,血糖不会迅速升高,不刺激胰岛分泌;海藻糖能在逆境中有效地维持细胞内生物膜和蛋白质、活性肽的稳定性和完整性。海藻糖为体内有益肠道细菌双歧杆菌的增殖因子,可改善肠道微生态环境,加强胃肠道消化吸收功能,有效排除体内毒素,增强机体免疫抗病能力,研究还证明海藻糖具有较强的抗辐射作用。由于海藻糖具有极强的保湿作用及防晒、防紫外线等多方面的生理功效,可以作为保湿剂、保护剂等添加到乳液、面膜、精华素、洗面奶中,还可作为唇膏、口腔清洁剂、口腔芳香剂等的甜味剂、品质改良剂。无水海藻糖还可以用于化妆品中作为磷脂以及酶的脱水剂,其脂肪酸衍生物还是优良的表面活性剂。
超滤作为绿色的分离,浓缩技术,是一种利用加压膜分离和压力差,即在一定压力下,使小分子溶质和溶剂穿过一定孔径的滤膜,而且截留大分子溶质,从而使溶液中不同分子量的物质得到分级分离。超滤技术因其具有操作方便、无相变、效率高、成本低等优点,已被广泛应用于大分子和小分子的分级与分离,既可以分离不同相对分子质量的物质,又有利于保持化合物的生物活性。目前,国内利用超滤膜分离低聚糖并能回收大分子成分的研究不多,因此建立高效、低成本、绿色的分离低聚糖的方法具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用。该方法将刺糖药材过筛除杂后用热水提取,提取液依次通过微滤膜和截留分子量为10000Da的超滤膜进行分离,浓缩,得到刺糖低聚糖部位,再将该部位经离子交换树脂和葡聚糖凝胶色谱柱纯化得到高纯度的刺糖海藻糖。经单糖分析、甲基化与质谱分析鉴定:该方法纯化出的刺糖低聚糖为海藻糖。通过本发明所述方法得到的刺糖海藻糖纯度高,活性较广泛;经验证具有益生元(促进益生菌生长)作用,可为刺糖低聚糖在功能性食药、药品和化妆品中的应用开发提供参考。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法,按下列步骤进行:
热水提取:
a、将刺糖药材过筛,分离杂物,按料液重量比1:30-1:50g/mL向刺糖中加入超纯水,在温度80-100℃下搅拌提取3次,提取时间为60-120分钟,合并提取液;
离心除杂:
b、将步骤a所得提取液经过离心机7000rpm,离心10分钟,取上清液,即得刺糖水提物;
微滤膜去除大分子杂质:
c、将步骤b经离心机分离除杂后的上清液用0.16μm微滤膜过滤,温度25-35℃,压力差0.1-0.25Mpa,得到滤液;
超滤膜分离刺糖低聚糖:
d、将步骤c得到的滤液采用截留分子量为10000Da的再生纤维素平板膜进一步分离,温度25-35℃,压力差0.05-0.2Mpa,收集滤液,利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,备用;
离子交换色谱柱分离低聚糖:
e、将步骤d得到的浓缩液用超纯水配成浓度10mg/ml溶液,将配制的溶液上样于DEAE-650M离子交换柱以超纯水、与0.5mol/L NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集超纯水洗脱的中性部位,冷冻干燥,既得刺糖低聚糖部位;
凝胶色谱柱纯化低聚糖:
h、将步骤e得到的刺糖低聚糖部位用超纯水溶解至浓度10mg/ml后上样于Sephadex LH-20层析柱,用超纯水作为洗脱剂,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集对称的吸收峰,冷冻干燥,既得纯化刺糖海藻糖。
所述方法获得的刺糖海藻糖在促进青春双歧杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种或粪肠球菌益生菌生长中的用途。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法中,将除杂后的刺糖原料与超纯水以质量体积比为1:30-1:50混合后,提取温度80-100℃热水提取得到刺糖提取液,经离心机离心进行固液分离,并对刺糖提取液依次采用0.16μm微滤膜和截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的超滤膜进行分离,收集10000道尔顿(Da)超滤膜通过的滤液,浓缩,利用离子交换和凝胶色谱柱层析法纯化得到海藻糖。
从刺糖中提取纯化海藻糖,能够对刺糖中的海藻糖这一成分进行充分的利用,从而有针对性地利用刺糖的功效。海藻糖应用广泛,海藻糖为体内有益肠道细菌--双歧杆菌的增殖因子,可改善肠道微生态环境,加强胃肠道消化吸收功能,有效排除体内毒素,增强机体免疫抗病能力。因此,从刺糖中提取纯化海藻糖,能够有效地提高刺糖的利用率。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法中采用热水提取的方式能够使得水快速地进入固体物质中,将其物质所含的水溶性成分尽可能完全地溶解。采用热水提取从刺糖中提取海藻糖,能够使得水快速地进入刺糖中,将刺糖中的水溶性物质尽可能完全地溶于水之中。通过对热水提取合并的提取液离心进行固液分离,去除没有被溶解的固体物质,收集溶解在水中形成的溶液,即刺糖提取液。提高了从刺糖提取液中提取海藻糖的效率。热水提取简化了提取分离过程,能够有效提高提取分离率,缩短提取时间、节约成本、甚至还可以提高产品的质量和产量。通过研究表明:当提取温度为90℃,时间90分钟时,不仅提取的效果好,而且经济效果好。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法中用0.16μm微滤膜分离的滤液用截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的超滤膜进行分离,通过微滤膜分离能够过滤掉提取液中一些水不容的微颗粒和大分子杂质,提高膜分离效率和聚糖的纯度,能够有效地分离刺糖提取液中低聚糖部位,能够简化后续分离纯化步骤与节省制备成本,这有利于建立高效、绿色制备刺糖低聚糖的方法。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法中通过在提取之前,先对刺糖原料进行过筛,能够去除刺糖原料中的杂质,从而使得后续的提纯更加容易地进行。得到的刺糖低聚糖中的杂质较少。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法中对初步纯化后的刺糖低聚糖部位进行柱层析纯化。通过离子交换树脂DEAE-650M柱层析与凝胶SephadexLH-20柱层析色谱法进行纯化,能够获得高纯度的低聚糖单一成分。
通过本发明所述方法获得的刺糖低聚糖在改善肠道微生态环境中的应用。这种从刺糖中提取纯化的海藻糖作为益生元能够促进青春双歧杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种或粪肠球菌益生菌生长。
本发明所述的一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法及其应用,该方法将刺糖药材过筛除杂后用热水提取,提取液依次通过微滤膜和截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的超滤膜进行分离,浓缩,得到刺糖低聚糖部位,得率为70.12%;该部位经离子交换树脂和葡聚糖凝胶色谱柱纯化得到高纯度的刺糖海藻糖,其得率为55.79%,其糖含量达到92.87%。经单糖分析、甲基化与质谱分析鉴定该方法纯化出的刺糖低聚糖为海藻糖。通过本发明所述方法得到的刺糖海藻糖纯度高,活性较广泛;经验证具有益生元(促进益生菌生长)作用。并针对刺糖低聚糖部位进行提取纯化、结构解析和生物活性评价,可为刺糖低聚糖在功能性食药、药品和化妆品中的应用开发提供参考。
附图说明
图1为本发明刺糖低聚糖DEAE-650M柱层析分离洗脱曲线图;
图2为本发明刺糖低聚糖部位Sephadex LH-20柱层析纯化洗脱曲线图;
图3为本发明刺糖低聚糖质谱分析MS图;
图4为本发明刺糖低聚糖部位单糖分析GC-MS图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
热水提取:
a、将刺糖药材过筛,分离杂物,按料液重量比1:30g/mL向刺糖中加入超纯水,在温度80℃下搅拌提取3次,提取时间为60分钟,合并提取液;
离心除杂:
b、将步骤a所得提取液经过离心机7000rpm,离心10分钟,取上清液,即得刺糖水提物;
微滤膜去除大分子杂质:
c、将步骤b经离心机分离除杂后的上清液用0.16μm微滤膜过滤,温度25℃,压力差0.1Mpa,得到滤液;
超滤膜分离刺糖低聚糖:
d、将步骤c得到的滤液采用截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的再生纤维素平板膜进一步分离,温度25℃,压力差0.05Mpa,收集滤液,利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,备用;
离子交换色谱柱分离低聚糖:
e、将步骤d得到的浓缩液用超纯水配成浓度10mg/ml溶液,将配制的溶液上样于DEAE-650M离子交换柱以超纯水、与0.5mol/L NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集超纯水洗脱的中性部位,冷冻干燥,既得刺糖低聚糖部位;
凝胶色谱柱纯化低聚糖:
h、将步骤e得到的刺糖低聚糖部位用超纯水溶解至浓度10mg/ml后上样于Sephadex LH-20层析柱,用超纯水作为洗脱剂,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集对称的吸收峰,冷冻干燥,既得纯化刺糖海藻糖。
实施例2
热水提取:
a、将刺糖药材过筛,分离杂物,按料液重量比1:40g/mL向刺糖中加入超纯水,在温度100℃下搅拌提取3次,提取时间为100分钟,合并提取液;
离心除杂:
b、将步骤a所得提取液经过离心机7000rpm,离心10分钟,取上清液,即得刺糖水提物;
微滤膜去除大分子杂质:
c、将步骤b经离心机分离除杂后的上清液用0.16μm微滤膜过滤,温度30℃,压力差0.2Mpa,得到滤液;
超滤膜分离刺糖低聚糖:
d、将步骤c得到的滤液采用截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的再生纤维素平板膜进一步分离,温度30℃,压力差0.1Mpa,收集滤液,利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,备用;
离子交换色谱柱分离低聚糖:
e、将步骤d得到的浓缩液用超纯水配成浓度10mg/ml溶液,将配制的溶液上样于DEAE-650M离子交换柱以超纯水、与0.5mol/L NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集超纯水洗脱的中性部位,冷冻干燥,既得刺糖低聚糖部位;
凝胶色谱柱纯化低聚糖:
h、将步骤e得到的刺糖低聚糖部位用超纯水溶解至浓度10mg/ml后上样于Sephadex LH-20层析柱,用超纯水作为洗脱剂,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集对称的吸收峰,冷冻干燥,既得纯化刺糖海藻糖。
实施例3
热水提取:
a、将刺糖药材过筛,分离杂物,按料液重量比1:50g/mL向刺糖中加入超纯水,在温度9℃下搅拌提取3次,提取时间为120分钟,合并提取液;
离心除杂:
b、将步骤a所得提取液经过离心机7000rpm,离心10分钟,取上清液,即得刺糖水提物;
微滤膜去除大分子杂质:
c、将步骤b经离心机分离除杂后的上清液用0.16μm微滤膜过滤,温度35℃,压力差0.25Mpa,得到滤液;
超滤膜分离刺糖低聚糖:
d、将步骤c得到的滤液采用截留分子量为10000道尔顿(Da)的再生纤维素平板膜进一步分离,温度35℃,压力差0.2Mpa,收集滤液,利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,备用;
离子交换色谱柱分离低聚糖:
e、将步骤d得到的浓缩液用超纯水配成浓度10mg/ml溶液,将配制的溶液上样于DEAE-650M离子交换柱以超纯水、与0.5mol/L NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集超纯水洗脱的中性部位,冷冻干燥,既得刺糖低聚糖部位;
凝胶色谱柱纯化低聚糖:
h、将步骤e得到的刺糖低聚糖部位用超纯水溶解至浓度10mg/ml后上样于Sephadex LH-20层析柱,用超纯水作为洗脱剂,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集对称的吸收峰,冷冻干燥,既得纯化刺糖海藻糖。
实施例4
总糖含量测定:
采用苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量:精确称量葡萄糖标准品10mg,加蒸馏水溶解,定容至50mL,标准品终浓度为0.2mg/mL,分别精确吸取0、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0mL于不同试管中;加蒸馏水,使每管体积达到2mL;分别精确吸取50uL于96孔板中,被测试每孔中迅速加入浓硫酸150uL,逐管加入5%苯酚30uL,摇匀后室温静置20min,室温放置10min,用酶标仪在490nm处测定吸光度;吸光度作为横坐标,标准溶液质量浓度作为纵坐标,蒸馏水作为空白对照,制作标准曲线;样品测定:配制浓度为200μg/mL的刺糖低聚糖纯化部位溶液,同上述标准曲线操作方法测定吸光度,计算总糖含量,计算得出总糖含量为糖含量为92.87%。
实施例5
单糖组成分析:取纯化刺糖低聚糖样品10mg于顶空瓶中加入2mol/L三氟乙酸4mL,密封后在温度110℃恒温水解6h,加适量甲醇减压蒸干,重复三次;乙酰化衍生物:向水解产物中加入8mg羟基乙酸,1mL吡啶与1mL乙酸酐,温度90℃加热1h,冷却后N2吹干,此乙酰化的单糖醇用三氯甲烷稀释后进行气相色谱(GS)分析;经GC分析(图3)可知,刺糖低聚糖纯化部位由葡萄糖组成。
实施例6
质谱(MS)分析:将纯化所得的刺糖低聚糖进行MS分析得到质谱图。质谱条件,电喷雾离子化源(ESI),负离子检测模式;喷雾电压:3.0kV;扫描范围:150-1800m/z。由图3质谱图可知,纯化出的刺糖低聚糖分子质量分布为341和377m/z,这表明刺糖低聚糖为二糖;
甲基化:称取3mg干燥刺糖纯化低聚糖,氮气保护下加3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),搅拌直到其充分溶解,快速添加新研磨的NaOH粉末200mg,并用氮气保护密封。将溶液超声处理20分钟,搅拌3小时,然后氮气保护下用注射器在冰浴中缓慢向溶液中滴加1mL碘甲烷,然后在18–20℃下超声处理30分钟,重复甲基化重复甲基化三次后避光反应3小时,并添加2mL水终止反应;甲基化产物用二氯甲烷萃取,离心、取有机相,弃水相,并有机相水洗五次,最后蒸干有机相;随后,用3mL三氟乙酸(2M)温度121℃水解2小时,水解产物以NaBH4(74mg)室温还原4小时加适当冰乙酸终止还原;旋蒸蒸干后进行乙酰化,然后加水静置30min,再加二氯甲烷萃取,离心、弃水相取有机相,水洗5次,有机相过滤并对部分甲基化的醛醇乙酸酯(PMAAs)进行GC-MS分析;色谱条件:色谱柱为HP-5MS/>氦气作为载气,流速1ml/min,并使用自动进样器进样1μl样品,分流比为10:1,进样温度为240℃,柱温箱初始温度为140℃保持2min,然后以6℃/min升温至320℃并保持3分钟后将MSD传输保持在260℃;质谱条件:进样口温度230℃,四级杆温度150℃;扫描方式为全扫描模式(SCAN),质量扫描范围(m/z):30-600;
甲基化分析结果显示:刺糖低聚糖中葡萄糖的主要连接方式为T-Glcp,因此,刺糖低聚糖单糖分析、甲基化与质谱结构结合可推断本发明制备方法提取纯化的刺糖低聚糖为海藻糖。
实施例7
刺糖低聚糖纯化部位对三种益生菌体外生长的影响试验:将德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、青春双歧杆菌、粪链球菌菌液分别接种至MARS、TPY、KEA培养基中,分别添加不同浓度的样本于基础培养基中,培养16-18小时后,用细胞计数仪检测细菌数,每个样品重复三次见表1;
表1.刺糖低聚糖对益生菌的促进生长作用
由表1可知,不同浓度的刺糖低聚糖可显著促进益生青春双歧杆菌菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种或粪肠球菌的生长,从而说明刺糖低聚糖具有促进益生菌生长作用,对刺糖低聚糖应用于医药、保健食品的研发以及刺糖低聚糖最大化开发利用具有很大参考价值。
上述实施例为本发明的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种从刺糖中制备海藻糖的方法,其特征在于:按下列步骤进行:
热水提取:
a、将刺糖药材过筛,分离杂物,按料液重量比1:30-1:50 g/mL向刺糖中加入超纯水,在温度80-100℃下搅拌提取3次,提取时间为60-120分钟,合并提取液;
离心除杂:
b、将步骤a所得提取液经过离心机7000 rpm,离心10分钟,取上清液,即得刺糖水提物;
微滤膜去除大分子杂质:
c、将步骤b经离心机分离除杂后的上清液用0.16 µm微滤膜过滤,温度25-35℃,压力差0.1-0.25 Mpa,得到滤液;
超滤膜分离刺糖低聚糖:
d、将步骤c得到的滤液采用截留分子量为10000Da的再生纤维素平板膜进一步分离,温度25-35℃,压力差 0.05-0.2 Mpa,收集滤液,利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,备用;
离子交换色谱柱分离低聚糖:
e、将步骤d得到的浓缩液用超纯水配成浓度10mg/ml溶液,将配制的溶液上样于DEAE-650M离子交换柱以超纯水、与0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集超纯水洗脱的中性部位,冷冻干燥,既得刺糖低聚糖部位;
凝胶色谱柱纯化低聚糖:
h、将步骤e得到的刺糖低聚糖部位用超纯水溶解至浓度10mg/ml后上样于SephadexLH-20层析柱,用超纯水作为洗脱剂,用蒽酮-硫酸法检测各收集管620nm处的吸光值,收集对称的吸收峰,冷冻干燥,既得纯化刺糖海藻糖。
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