CN114851642A - Bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114851642A
CN114851642A CN202210525661.0A CN202210525661A CN114851642A CN 114851642 A CN114851642 A CN 114851642A CN 202210525661 A CN202210525661 A CN 202210525661A CN 114851642 A CN114851642 A CN 114851642A
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material layer
phase change
change material
aerogel
storage
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王锦
王静
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Suzhou Institute of Nano Tech and Nano Bionics of CAS
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Suzhou Institute of Nano Tech and Nano Bionics of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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    • B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
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    • B32B2266/12—Gel
    • B32B2266/126—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, and a preparation method and application thereof. The bionic structure that high-efficient energy assembles and stores includes transparent thermal insulation material layer, light and heat conversion material layer and phase change material layer, transparent thermal insulation material layer is used for making sunshine incident, can prevent the energy dissipation who assembles again, light and heat conversion material layer can absorb sunshine and conversion heat, the phase change material layer can be with energy storage. The invention respectively selects three excellent synergistic high-transparency heat insulation materials, high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials and phase change energy storage materials, realizes favorable regulation and control of temperature in a specific scene, and specifically shows that the system temperature is higher in a cold environment, thereby achieving an excellent heat insulation effect; under the same sun irradiation time in cold environment, the time that can maintain human travelling comfort temperature is longer to reach the design mesh that this structure high efficiency energy assembles and stores, promote structural design's value, widen the feasibility of green greatly.

Description

Bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bionic structure, in particular to a bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in heat management, and belongs to the technical field of energy and carbon emission reduction research.
Background
At present, the greenhouse effect is aggravated, the energy consumption for production and life is continuously increased, natural resources are gradually exhausted, and people face a plurality of global energy challenges.
Besides energy saving and new energy development, high-efficiency energy storage becomes a clean and stable selection scheme and is widely concerned by people. The phase change energy storage material (a substance which generates heat absorption, storage and release processes due to phase state conversion under the action of temperature change) integrates the advantages of stable chemistry, environmental friendliness, easiness in storage, high economy and the like, can regulate and control the temperature of an environmental system, greatly improves the energy utilization rate, and is applied to the fields of buildings, heating, automobiles and the like.
Based on the above, the heat management becomes a research hotspot of energy conservation and emission reduction at present due to the advantages of no energy consumption, strong local temperature regulation capability and the like. The structural design of the novel green heat management material has important significance for reducing energy consumption and realizing global environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage, which comprises: transparent thermal-insulated material layer, light and heat conversion material layer and the phase change material layer of setting gradually along setting up the direction, wherein, transparent thermal-insulated material layer is used for making sunshine incident at least, can prevent the energy dissipation of gathering again, light and heat conversion material layer can absorb sunshine and conversion heat at least, the phase change material layer can be with energy storage at least.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, which comprises the following steps:
hot-pressing the phase change material to form a phase change material layer as a bottom layer;
a photo-thermal conversion material layer is arranged on the phase change material layer;
and a transparent heat insulation material layer is arranged on the photothermal conversion material layer to obtain a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage in the field of thermal management.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention respectively selects three excellent synergistic high-transparency heat insulation materials, high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials and phase change energy storage materials, realizes favorable regulation and control of temperature in a specific scene, and specifically shows that the system temperature is higher in a cold environment, thereby achieving an excellent heat insulation effect; under the same sun irradiation time in cold environment, the time that can maintain human travelling comfort temperature is longer to reach the design mesh that this structure high efficiency energy assembles and stores, promote structural design's value, widen the feasibility of green greatly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bionic structure of high-efficiency energy collection and storage, in which the transparency is 95%, the thermal conductivity is 0.025W/m.K, and 1 cm thick silica aerogel/3 mm paint plate/1 cm thick n-octadecane is a three-layer structure in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bionic structure for efficient energy collection and storage, in which the transparency is 95%, the thermal conductivity is 0.025W/m.K, and 1 cm thick silica aerogel/3 mm paint plate/1 cm thick n-octadecane is a three-layer structure in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure with high-efficiency energy collection and storage, in which the transparency is 90%, the thermal conductivity is 0.010W/m.K, and 10 cm thick silica aerogel/1 mm carbon nanotube film/8 cm thick sodium sulfate decahydrate is a three-layer structure in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy collection and storage, in which the transparency is 88%, the thermal conductivity is 0.010W/m.K, and 10 cm thick silica aerogel/1 mm carbon nanotube film/10 cm thick paraffin is a three-layer structure in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bionic structure for efficient energy collection and storage, in which the transparency is 90%, the thermal conductivity is 0.020W/m.K, and the alumina aerogel with the thickness of 3 cm/carbon nanotube film with the thickness of 1 mm/paraffin with the thickness of 10 cm is a three-layer structure in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 5 of the present invention, wherein the biomimetic structure has a three-layer structure of 90% transparency, 0.020W/m.K thermal conductivity, and 10 cm thick alumina aerogel/1 mm carbon nanotube film/10 cm thick paraffin;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 6 of the present invention, wherein the biomimetic structure has a three-layer structure of 90% transparency, 0.030W/m.K thermal conductivity, and 10 cm thick alumina aerogel/3 mm carbon nanotube film/10 cm thick paraffin;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 7 of the present invention, in which the three-layer structure is 90% transparency, 0.010W/m.K thermal conductivity, and 10 cm thick silica aerogel/1 mm carbon nanotube film/10 cm thick paraffin;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 8 of the present invention, in which the transparency is 80%, the thermal conductivity is 0.040W/m.K, and 1 cm thick cellulose aerogel/3 mm carbon blackboard/1 cm thick n-hexadecane is a three-layer structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 9 of the present invention, in which the three-layer structure is transparent 85%, thermal conductivity is 0.030W/m.K, 1 cm thick elastomeric thermal insulation material/3 mm fabric-based photothermal conversion material/1 cm thick tetradecane;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage in example 10 of the present invention with a three-layer structure of 70% transparency, 0.050W/m.K thermal conductivity, 1 cm thick nanoceramic material/3 mm non-woven photothermal conversion material/1 cm thick n-dodecane;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a two-layer structure of 1 mm carbon nanotube film/10 cm thick paraffin in comparative example 1;
FIG. 13 is a view showing a two-layer structure of 10 cm thick silica aerogel/10 cm thick paraffin in comparative example 2, in which the transparency is 90%, the thermal conductivity is 0.010W/m.K;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a comparative example 3 in which the transparency is 90%, the thermal conductivity is 0.010W/m.K, and a 10 cm thick silica aerogel/1 mm carbon nanotube film has a two-layer structure.
Detailed Description
In order to respond to the current global measures for energy conservation and emission reduction and break through the limitation of poor thermal management performance of the traditional materials, the inventor of the present invention provides a design idea and a scheme of the invention through long-term research and massive practice, mainly provides a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage, constructs a new green thermal management material through innovative design of the structure, exerts high-efficiency energy gathering and storage functions, and solves the problems of excessive energy consumption and environmental protection caused by refrigeration and heating at present.
Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the invention are described in detail below. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage is composed of three layers of different materials, wherein the topmost layer is a high-transparency heat insulation material, the middle layer is a high-efficiency photothermal conversion material, and the innermost layer is a phase change energy storage material.
In some embodiments, the bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage comprises a transparent heat insulation material layer, a photo-thermal conversion material layer and a phase change material layer which are sequentially stacked along the setting direction, wherein the transparent heat insulation material layer is at least used for enabling sunlight to enter and preventing the energy dissipation of gathering, the photo-thermal conversion material layer can at least absorb the sunlight and convert heat, and the phase change material layer can at least store energy.
The bionic structure is designed according to the invention and comes from the following sources: the method is characterized in that a polar bear capable of keeping warm in an extremely cold region is used as a bionic object, and a transparent heat insulation material-photo-thermal conversion material-energy storage material three-layer combination arranged from the outside to the inside is constructed to simulate a unique physiological structure of polar bear transparent heat insulation hair-black skin-subcutaneous thick fat layer. Specifically, the top layer is a high-transparency heat insulation material, the middle layer is a high-efficiency photothermal conversion material, and the innermost layer is a phase change energy storage material which respectively corresponds to transparent heat insulation hair, black skin and a subcutaneous thick fat layer of a polar bear; the principle of efficient energy gathering and storage of the bionic structure is that the intermediate photo-thermal conversion layer can absorb sunlight and convert heat, and the transparent heat insulation material on the top layer can enable the sunlight to enter and prevent the gathered energy from being dissipated; the inner phase change material further stores energy.
In some embodiments, the transparent heat insulation material layer of the outer layer has a transparency of 50 to 98%, a thickness of 0.1 to 20cm, and a thermal conductivity of 0.010 to 0.080W/m.K.
In some embodiments, the material of the transparent thermal insulation material layer of the outer layer includes, but is not limited to, a series of transparent materials such as oxide aerogel, nitride aerogel, carbide aerogel, cellulose aerogel, organic composite aerogel, organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel, elastomer thermal insulation material, nano ceramic material, and modified transparent materials thereof.
Further, the oxide aerogel includes, but is not limited to, single-component aerogels such as silica, alumina, zirconia, and the like, and high thermal insulation composite aerogels thereof.
Further, the nitride aerogel includes, but is not limited to, single-component aerogels such as boron nitride aerogel, carbon nitride aerogel and the like, and high thermal insulation composite aerogels thereof.
Further, the carbide aerogel includes, but is not limited to, single-component aerogels such as silicon carbide and high thermal insulation composite aerogels thereof.
Further, the organic composite aerogel includes, but is not limited to, polyimide aerogel/aramid.
Further, the organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel includes, but is not limited to, inorganic particle/phenolic resin composite aerogel.
In some embodiments, the material of the photothermal conversion material layer of the intermediate layer is required to have excellent photothermal conversion effect, and includes, but is not limited to, any one or a combination of two or more of graphene, graphene-based composite material, graphene oxide-based modified material, carbon nanotube film composite material, black material such as carbon black and paint, conductive polymer, and photothermal conversion material such as cellulose-based photothermal conversion material, wood-based photothermal conversion material, fabric-based photothermal conversion material, and nonwoven photothermal conversion material.
In some embodiments, the layer of photothermal conversion material has a thickness of 100 μm to 5 mm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the phase change material layer of the inner layer is 1-20 cm.
In some embodiments, the material of the phase change material layer of the inner layer includes, but is not limited to, any one or a combination of two of an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material and a composite phase change material.
Further, the organic phase change material includes any one or a combination of two or more of paraffin, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 20000, polyethylene glycol 40000, acetic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the inorganic phase change material includes any one or a combination of two or more of inorganic hydrated salts (for example, any one or a combination of two or more of sodium sulfate decahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, etc.), metals, alloys, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage is placed in the high-altitude area under the environment of less than-30 ℃ for more than 1 hour in the solar noon, the temperature of the phase change material layer is more than 40 ℃, and the temperature of the phase change material layer is maintained for more than 2 hours after the illumination is stopped.
In some embodiments, the biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage is placed in mid-latitude area under the environment of less than 20 ℃ for more than 1 hour in the solar noon, the temperature of the phase change material layer is greater than 90 ℃, and the time for maintaining the temperature of the phase change material layer at more than 20 ℃ is greater than 10 hours after the illumination is stopped.
In some embodiments, the biomimetic structure for efficient energy collection and storage is placed in the low latitude area in the environment higher than 20 ℃ in the midday sun for more than 1 hour, the temperature of the phase change material layer is higher than 120 ℃, and after the illumination is stopped, the temperature of the phase change material layer is maintained for more than 10 hours at more than 50 ℃.
The bionic structure can realize favorable regulation and control of outdoor temperature, and particularly shows that the temperature of the system is higher in a cold environment, so that the heat preservation effect is achieved; under the same solar irradiation time in a cold environment, the time for maintaining the comfortable temperature of the human body is longer, and the design value of the structure is improved.
In summary, the function principle of the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage in the invention is as follows: the polar bear is used as a research object, the sun irradiates the transparent heat-insulating material on the top layer and then enters the photo-thermal conversion material on the middle layer, and sunlight is converted into heat and absorbed and stored by the energy storage material on the bottom layer. When the temperature of the system is lower than the ambient temperature, the energy storage material emits heat to maintain comfortable temperature, and meanwhile, the internal heat is not easy to dissipate due to the protection of the heat insulation material. Under the common construction of the materials with different functions and excellent synergistic effect, the bionic polar bear temperature-maintaining time-maintaining temperature-maintaining time-maintaining temperature-maintaining time-maintaining temperature-maintaining effect-maintaining temperature-maintaining effect-simulating effect in the extremely cold environment is achieved.
The invention fully utilizes the unique properties and cooperativity of the three materials, namely, sunlight is transmitted and transmitted, light energy is converted into heat, and the heat is absorbed, stored and released timely, so as to realize the innovative integration of '1 +1+1 > 3' to make up the defect of poor self heat management performance of the current specific material, and the invention has potential application and huge development prospect in the field of heat management application.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomimetic structure with efficient energy collection and storage, including:
hot-pressing the phase change material to form a phase change material layer as a bottom layer;
a photo-thermal conversion material layer is arranged on the phase change material layer;
and a transparent heat insulation material layer is arranged on the photothermal conversion material layer to obtain a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of preparation comprises: and carrying out hot press molding on the phase change material to be used as a bottom layer, and placing the phase change material in a cavity of a heat preservation device, wherein the shape and the height of the heat preservation device are matched with the shape and the height of the bionic structure for gathering and storing the high-efficiency energy.
In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method specifically comprises:
(1) carrying out hot press molding on the phase change material to form a phase change material layer serving as a bottom plate and placing the phase change material layer into the heat preservation groove;
(2) attaching a photo-thermal conversion material layer on the phase change material layer;
(3) and (3) attaching a transparent heat insulation material layer on the photo-thermal conversion material layer to obtain a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage.
Further, the shape of the heat preservation groove is highly adapted to the three-layer structure, including but not limited to asbestos board, rock wool board, vacuum heat insulation board, polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, polyurethane foam, concrete, calcium heat insulation board, foam urea resin, foam rubber, expanded perlite, foam glass, foam plastic, foam clay, and the like.
In conclusion, the preparation method has high feasibility and strong operability.
The invention also provides an application prospect of the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage in the field of heat management, and the bionic structure can realize heat exchange between objects (such as buildings, human bodies and the like) and the environment, further achieve comfortable temperature regulation, and is beneficial to optimizing material selection performance in a specific scene, thereby realizing the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Further, the applying includes: the bionic structure is placed under the sunlight for irradiation, the data such as the highest temperature, the longest comfortable temperature maintenance time and the like of each component are measured, the structural characteristics are explored, and the application potential of the bionic structure in the field of thermal management is explored.
By the technical scheme, three excellent-cooperativity high-transparency heat insulation materials, high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials and phase change energy storage materials are respectively selected, so that favorable regulation and control of the temperature in a specific scene are realized, and the system temperature in a cold environment is higher, so that an excellent heat insulation effect is achieved; under the same sun irradiation time in a cold environment, the time for maintaining the comfortable temperature of the human body is longer. The design purpose of high-efficiency energy gathering and storage of the structure is achieved, the value of structural design is improved, and the feasibility of environmental protection is greatly widened.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to several preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. It is to be noted that the following examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and do not set forth any limitation thereto. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental materials used in the examples used below were all available from conventional biochemical reagents companies, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: adopting n-octadecane as a phase change material, preparing the phase change material into a circle with the thickness of 1 cm and the diameter of 7 cm, and placing the circle on the bottom layer of a heat preservation tank with the diameter of 7 cm; a layer of paint plate with the thickness of 3 mm is attached to n-octadecane to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and silica aerogel with the transparency of 95%, the thermal conductivity of 0.025W/m.K and the thickness of 1 cm is adopted as a top layer, so that the bionic structure with efficient energy collection and storage is prepared. Please refer to fig. 1 for a bionic mechanism diagram and a physical diagram of the structure, which is shown in fig. 2.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 15 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 94 ℃ at the time of 12 ℃ when the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the time of 11 am. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 10 hours and 40 minutes.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: sodium sulfate decahydrate is used as a phase change material, is prepared into a round shape with the thickness of 8 cm and the diameter of 10 cm, and is placed on the bottom layer of a heat preservation tank with the diameter of 10 cm; a layer of carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is attached to sodium sulfate decahydrate to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and silica aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.010W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is adopted as a top layer, so that the bionic structure with high-efficiency energy collection and storage is prepared. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 3.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at 11 am in sunny winter at-32 ℃ in a sunny day without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 55 ℃ at 12 am. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 3 hours.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: paraffin is used as a phase-change material, a square with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm is prepared, and the square is placed on the bottom layer of a heat preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; a carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is attached to paraffin to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and silica aerogel with the transparency of 88%, the thermal conductivity of 0.010W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is adopted as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure with high-efficiency energy collection and storage. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 4.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 10 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase-change material is detected to be 92 ℃ at the time of 12 hours. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 10 hours and 10 minutes.
Example 4
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: paraffin is used as a phase-change material, the phase-change material is prepared into a round shape with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm, and the round shape is placed on the bottom layer of a heat preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; a carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is attached to paraffin to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and then alumina ceramic aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.020W/m.K and the thickness of 3 cm is used as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure with efficient energy collection and storage. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 5.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 5 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 95 ℃ at the time of 11 am and 12 ℃. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 11 hours.
Example 5
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: preparing a round shape with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm by adopting paraffin as a phase-change material, and placing the round shape on the bottom layer of a heat-preservation tank with the diameter of 15 cm; a carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is attached to paraffin to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and then alumina ceramic aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.020W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is used as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure with efficient energy collection and storage. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 6.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 35 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 125 ℃ at the time of 12 hours. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 50 ℃ after 11 hours and 30 minutes.
Example 6
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: paraffin is used as a phase-change material, a square with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm is prepared, and the square is placed on the bottom layer of a heat preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; a layer of carbon nanotube film with the thickness of 3 mm is attached to paraffin to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and then alumina ceramic aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.030W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is adopted as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure for collecting and storing high-efficiency energy. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 7.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 30 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase-change material is detected to be 122 ℃ at the time of 12 hours. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 50 ℃ after 12 hours.
Example 7
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: paraffin is used as a phase-change material, the phase-change material is prepared into a round shape with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm, and the round shape is placed on the bottom layer of a heat preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; a carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is attached to paraffin to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and silica aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.010W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is adopted as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure with high-efficiency energy collection and storage. A schematic of this structure is shown in fig. 8.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at 11 am in sunny winter at-35 ℃ in a sunny day without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 65 ℃ at 12 am. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 2 hours and 50 minutes.
Example 8
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: preparing a round shape with the thickness of 1 cm and the diameter of 7 cm by using n-hexadecane as a phase change material, and placing the round shape on the bottom layer of a heat preservation tank with the diameter of 7 cm; a carbon black plate with the thickness of 3 mm is attached to n-hexadecane to serve as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, and then cellulose aerogel with the transparency of 80%, the thermal conductivity of 0.040W/m.K and the thickness of 1 cm is adopted as a top layer to prepare the bionic structure with efficient energy collection and storage. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 9.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at 11 am in 13 ℃ in sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 93 ℃ at 12 am. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 10 hours and 30 minutes.
Example 9
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: adopting n-tetradecane as a phase change material, preparing into a round shape with the thickness of 1 cm and the diameter of 7 cm, and placing the round shape on the bottom layer of a heat preservation groove with the diameter of 7 cm; a layer of fabric-based photothermal conversion material with the thickness of 3 mm is attached to n-tetradecane to serve as a photothermal absorption conversion layer, and an elastomer heat insulation material with the transparency of 85%, the heat conductivity of 0.030W/m.K and the thickness of 1 cm is adopted as a top layer, so that the bionic structure with high-efficiency energy collection and storage is prepared. The schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 10.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 9 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase-change material is detected to be 94 ℃ at the time of 12 ℃ when the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the time of 11 am. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 10 hours and 20 minutes.
Example 10
(1) Preparing a bionic structure: adopting n-dodecane as a phase change material, preparing into a circle with the thickness of 1 cm and the diameter of 7 cm, and placing the circle on the bottom layer of a heat preservation tank with the diameter of 7 cm; a layer of non-woven photothermal conversion material with the thickness of 3 mm is attached to n-dodecane to serve as a photothermal absorption conversion layer, and then a nano ceramic material with the transparency of 70%, the thermal conductivity of 0.050W/m.K and the thickness of 1 cm is adopted as a top layer, so that the bionic structure with efficient energy collection and storage is prepared. A schematic diagram of the biomimetic structure is shown in fig. 11.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the bionic structure is placed in the sun at the temperature of 7 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 93 ℃ at the time of 11 am and 12 ℃. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to 20 ℃ after 10 hours and 15 minutes.
Comparative example 1
(1) Structure preparation: without a top layer of transparent insulation. Paraffin is used as a phase-change material, and the paraffin is prepared into a round shape with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm and is placed on the bottom layer of a heat-preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; and attaching a layer of carbon nanotube film with the thickness of 1 mm on the paraffin to be used as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer. A schematic of this structure is shown in fig. 12.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the structure is placed in the sun at 11 am in sunny winter at-30 ℃ in a sunny winter without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 0 ℃ at 13 am. It shows that if there is no heat insulating layer, the heat is dissipated quickly. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to-30 ℃ after 1 minute.
Comparative example 2
(1) Structure preparation: without intermediate layer photo-thermal conversion material. Paraffin is used as a phase-change material, and the paraffin is prepared into a round shape with the thickness of 10 cm and the diameter of 15 cm and is placed on the bottom layer of a heat-preservation groove with the diameter of 15 cm; silica aerogel having a transparency of 90%, a thermal conductivity of 0.010W/m · K, and a thickness of 10 cm was attached to paraffin as a top layer. A schematic of this structure is shown in fig. 13.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the structure is placed in the sun at 11 am in sunny winter at-30 ℃ in a sunny day without clouds in all miles, and the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 10 ℃ at 13 am. The method shows that if no high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion layer exists, the temperature of the system rises slowly, the phase change point is not reached, and no energy storage effect is realized. The sunlight is shielded, and the temperature of the phase change material is slowly reduced to-30 ℃ after 10 minutes.
Comparative example 3
(1) Structure preparation: and no inner phase change energy storage material. A carbon nano tube film with the thickness of 1 mm is used as a photo-thermal absorption conversion layer, silica aerogel with the transparency of 90%, the thermal conductivity of 0.010W/m.K and the thickness of 10 cm is attached to the photo-thermal absorption conversion layer to serve as a top layer, and the top layer is placed in a heat preservation groove. A schematic of this structure is shown in fig. 14.
(2) Bionic structure heat management application: the structure is placed in the sun at 11 am and 13 am in sunny winter at-30 ℃ in a cloudy sunny winter, the temperature of the phase change material is detected to be 65 ℃, and the system is rapidly heated and maintained at a high temperature state. After the sunlight is shielded, no energy is stored and supplemented, and the temperature of the phase-change material is slowly reduced to-30 ℃ after 30 minutes.
In addition, the inventors of the present invention have also conducted corresponding experiments by using other raw materials and other process conditions listed above instead of the various raw materials and corresponding process conditions in examples 1 to 10, for example, zirconia aerogel, boron nitride aerogel, carbon nitride aerogel, silicon carbide aerogel, polyimide aerogel/aramid composite, inorganic particle/phenolic resin composite aerogel, etc. can also be used as the transparent heat insulating material; for example, the photothermal conversion material may also be graphene, a graphene-based composite material, a graphene oxide-based modified material, a conductive polymer, a cellulose-based photothermal conversion material, a wood-based photothermal conversion material, or the like; for another example, the phase change material may also be polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 20000, polyethylene glycol 40000, acetic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, calcium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, etc., which are similar to those in examples 1 to 10.
It should be understood that the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the design concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms, and such modifications and changes are understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a bionic structure that high-efficient energy assembles and stores which characterized in that includes transparent thermal insulation material layer, light and heat conversion material layer and the phase change material layer that stacks gradually the setting along setting up the direction, wherein, transparent thermal insulation material layer is used for making sunshine incident at least, can prevent the energy dissipation who assembles again, light and heat conversion material layer can absorb sunshine and conversion heat at least, the phase change material layer can be with energy storage at least.
2. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent heat insulation material layer has the transparency of 50-98%, the thickness of 0.1-20 cm and the heat conductivity of 0.010-0.080W/m.K;
and/or the material of the transparent heat insulation material layer comprises any one or the combination of more than two of oxide aerogel, nitride aerogel, carbide aerogel, cellulose aerogel, organic composite aerogel, organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel, elastomer heat insulation material and nano ceramic material;
preferably, the oxide aerogel comprises any one or a combination of more than two of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel and zirconia aerogel;
preferably, the nitride aerogel comprises any one or two of boron nitride aerogel and carbon nitride aerogel;
preferably, the carbide aerogel comprises a silicon carbide aerogel;
preferably, the organic composite aerogel comprises a polyimide aerogel/aramid composite;
preferably, the organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel comprises an inorganic particle/phenolic resin composite aerogel.
3. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the photothermal conversion material layer comprises any one or combination of more than two of graphene, a graphene-based composite material, a graphene oxide-based modified material, a carbon nanotube film composite material, carbon black, paint, a conductive polymer, a cellulose-based photothermal conversion material, a wood-based photothermal conversion material, a fabric-based photothermal conversion material and a non-woven photothermal conversion material;
and/or the thickness of the photothermal conversion material layer is 100 mu m-5 mm.
4. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the phase change material layer is 1-20 cm;
and/or the phase change material layer is made of any one or a combination of two of an organic phase change material and an inorganic phase change material; preferably, the organic phase change material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of paraffin, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 20000, polyethylene glycol 40000, acetic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid; preferably, the inorganic phase change material comprises any one or a combination of more than two of inorganic hydrated salt, metal and alloy; particularly preferably, the inorganic hydrated salt comprises any one or a combination of two or more of sodium sulfate decahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and lithium nitrate trihydrate.
5. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage is placed in the sunshine at noon for more than 1 hour in high-altitude areas and in the environment of less than-30 ℃, the temperature of the phase change material layer is more than 40 ℃, and after illumination is stopped, the temperature of the phase change material layer is maintained for more than 2 hours at more than 20 ℃.
6. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage is placed in the middle latitude area and in the environment of less than 20 ℃ for more than 1 hour in the solar noon, the temperature of the phase change material layer is more than 90 ℃, and after the illumination is stopped, the time for maintaining the temperature of the phase change material layer at more than 20 ℃ is more than 10 hours.
7. The biomimetic structure for efficient energy harvesting and storage according to claim 1, wherein: the bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage is placed in the sun at noon for more than 1 hour in low-latitude areas and in environments higher than 20 ℃, the temperature of the phase change material layer is higher than 120 ℃, and after illumination is stopped, the time for maintaining the temperature of the phase change material layer at more than 50 ℃ is longer than 10 hours.
8. The method for preparing a biomimetic structure for efficient energy concentration and storage according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
hot-pressing the phase change material to form a phase change material layer as a bottom layer;
a photo-thermal conversion material layer is arranged on the phase change material layer;
and a transparent heat insulation material layer is arranged on the photothermal conversion material layer to obtain a bionic structure for high-efficiency energy gathering and storage.
9. The method of claim 8, comprising: the phase change material is subjected to hot press molding and is placed in a cavity of a heat preservation device as a bottom layer, and the shape and the height of the heat preservation device are matched with the shape and the height of the bionic structure for gathering and storing the high-efficiency energy;
preferably, the material of the heat preservation device comprises any one of asbestos board, rock wool board, vacuum insulation board, polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, polyurethane foam, concrete, calcium insulation board, foam urea resin, foam rubber, expanded perlite, foam glass, foam plastic or foam clay.
10. Use of the biomimetic structure for efficient energy concentration and storage according to any of claims 1-7 in the field of thermal management.
CN202210525661.0A 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Bionic structure for efficient energy gathering and storage, and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN114851642A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115490214A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-20 青岛农业大学 Carbon nitride material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in detoxification of food additives

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115490214A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-20 青岛农业大学 Carbon nitride material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in detoxification of food additives

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