CN114850418A - Semi-solid slurry preparation process and device capable of realizing multilayer stirring - Google Patents
Semi-solid slurry preparation process and device capable of realizing multilayer stirring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850418A CN114850418A CN202210607738.9A CN202210607738A CN114850418A CN 114850418 A CN114850418 A CN 114850418A CN 202210607738 A CN202210607738 A CN 202210607738A CN 114850418 A CN114850418 A CN 114850418A
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Abstract
A semi-solid slurry preparation process and a device capable of realizing multilayer stirring are disclosed: the crucible comprises a crucible, an electric heating layer and a heat insulation layer are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the crucible from inside to outside, at least two layers of stators are arranged on the heat insulation layer at intervals from top to bottom, an induction coil is wound on the stator, the two ends of the induction coil are connected with an external three-phase current power supply device through lead wires, at least two rotating electromagnetic fields which are applied to the crucible from top to bottom and have opposite rotating directions are arranged outside the crucible, the layered stirring of a melt and the generation of dendrites and clash of the melt between layers are realized, the mixing of high and low temperature melts inside and outside an alloy melt and the release of the heat of the melt are enhanced, the temperature gradient inside and outside the melt are reduced, the cooling of the melt near the wall of the crucible is delayed, the reduction of the melt and the overall temperature is accelerated, the refining of crystal grains and the simultaneous nucleation are facilitated, and the defects caused by the skin effect are effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a semi-solid slurry preparation process and device capable of realizing multilayer stirring.
Background
Since the semi-solid metal processing technology is provided, the semi-solid metal processing technology has the characteristics of good process flow, good product performance and the like, and has a huge market application scene. The metal semi-solid forming mainly comprises rheoforming and thixoforming, and although the two semi-solid forming technologies are different in process, the technical core is to prepare semi-solid metal slurry or blank with fine, uniform and approximately spherical microstructure.
The electromagnetic stirring method is one of the main methods for industrially preparing semi-solid slurry at present, and the technological principle is that the alloy melt is driven to flow by the electromagnetic force generated by electromagnetic induction, so that the flow state of the alloy melt in the solidification process and the solidification structure of the alloy melt are changed in the heat and mass transfer process, and the semi-solid slurry with fine and uniformly distributed crystal grains is prepared. Compared with mechanical stirring, the melt can achieve the effect of mechanical stirring without a stirring rod or other elements with similar actions in the stirring process, the alloy melt cannot be polluted or the stirring rod cannot be corroded, and the stirring effect can be adjusted by arranging a controller. It also has significant disadvantages, is energy intensive, and produces a "skin effect".
The refinement and homogenization of the solidification structure are the key points for preparing high-quality materials, and have obvious influence on the mechanical property and the processing technology property of the materials. The electromagnetic stirring treatment is applied to the melt to cause the forced flow of the liquid phase, so that the dissipation rate of the heat inside the melt is accelerated, and the temperature field, the solute field and the flow field of a solidification system are uniform. The traditional electromagnetic stirring is generally designed according to the motor principle, generally only unidirectional electromagnetic stirring can be realized, only one-direction stirring can be realized, the whole metal melt can be rotationally stirred only in one direction, layered three-dimensional stirring cannot be realized on the melt, and the prepared slurry is not enough to meet high-quality semi-solid slurry with fine grains and uniform components; although the conventional electromagnetic unidirectional stirring can accelerate the rapid flow of the molten metal and the diffusion speed of the solute, the conventional electromagnetic stirring also has a skin effect, the electromagnetic field is uniformly distributed in the melt in the horizontal direction, and the stirring force decreases from the edge to the center due to the skin effect, so that the rotation speed of the central liquid phase is lower than that of the edge. The effective rotation movement of the metal melt is beneficial to reducing the temperature of the melt, increasing the supercooling degree, refining crystal grains and enabling components to be uniformly distributed. That is, the skin effect caused by unidirectional rotation will cause large temperature gradient between the edge and the center, the stirring time is prolonged, the temperature of the metal melt is reduced, the viscosity is increased, the flowing speed is reduced, the temperature is reduced more slowly, the crystallization is affected, and the grain size and the melt component are not uniform. The flow mode of the alloy liquid flow is composed of laminar flow in the center of the casting mould which is relatively gentle and turbulent flow induced by the electromagnetic force in the edge area. The diffusion and migration paths of the solute are along the streamline or flow surface of the fluid, the turbulence degree of the melt flow in the crystallizer is weak, and the exchange rate of the solute and heat is small. Therefore, the homogenization of the temperature field and the flow field of the solidification system needs to be further improved, and the attached figure 7 in the specification is a schematic diagram of the conventional stirrer device.
The existing method for preparing semisolid aluminum alloy slurry adopts a method of firstly stirring the slurry in a single direction and then stirring the slurry in the opposite direction, fully utilizes the characteristics that the flow of a melt presents strong turbulence and laminar flow disappears, so that solute in the melt is diffused more uniformly, dendrites in the melt collide with each other, the strength and probability of initial collision and shearing in the melt are increased, and the semisolid aluminum alloy slurry is higher in quality compared with the semisolid slurry prepared by single-direction electromagnetic stirring.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a process and a device for preparing semisolid slurry capable of realizing multilayer stirring.
The scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is that the semisolid slurry preparation process capable of realizing multilayer stirring is characterized in that at least two rotating electromagnetic fields applied to a crucible are arranged outside the electric heating crucible from top to bottom, and the rotating directions of two adjacent layers of rotating electromagnetic fields are opposite; the rotating electromagnetic field drives the liquid phase solution in the crucible to rotate, the upper and lower adjacent layers of rotating electromagnetic fields drive the corresponding upper and lower side liquid phase solutions to rotate in opposite directions, layered stirring of the melt and dendritic crystal clash generation of the melt between layers are realized, the rotating speed and the stirring strength of the molten metal can be controlled by changing the current intensity and the frequency, and the solid phase rate and the uniformity of concentration distribution of the stirred molten metal are controlled.
The utility model provides a can realize semi-solid slurry preparation facilities of multilayer stirring, includes crucible, casing, stator, the crucible sets up and in the casing, from interior to exterior has set gradually electric heating layer, insulating layer between crucible week side and the casing week side, from top to bottom interval installation at least two-layer stator on the insulating layer, the coiling has induction coil on the stator, and external three-phase current power supply unit is connected through leading out the wire at the induction coil both ends.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the shell are not closed, and a heat radiation fan is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the shell.
Further, the shell is installed on the support frame.
Furthermore, a resistance wire is arranged in the electric heating layer and spirally wound on the outer wall of the crucible.
Furthermore, a heat insulation layer is arranged among the resistance wire, the outer wall of the crucible and the heat insulation layer, and the resistance wire is wrapped in the heat insulation layer.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor is arranged in the crucible.
Furthermore, the stator comprises a plurality of salient pole stator units which are uniformly distributed on the circumference, and the magnetic induction coil is wound on the salient pole stator.
Further, a stirrer cover is arranged at the upper end of the shell, the stirrer cover is arranged on the shell or one end of the stirrer cover is hinged with the shell, a handle and an observation hole are arranged on the stirrer cover, and the observation hole is positioned above the crucible.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the semi-solid slurry preparation device has the advantages that the design is reasonable, the high-quality semi-solid slurry can be prepared, the prepared semi-solid slurry cannot be oxidized to form air entrainment, the tissue is uniform, the quality is excellent, meanwhile, in order to improve the semi-solid pulping efficiency and the semi-solid pulping effect, the traditional modes of mechanical stirring, gas stirring or inner cold block melting stirring and the like can be combined, so that the stirring process is more sufficient, the rapid reduction of the temperature of the semi-solid slurry is favorably reduced, and the refining and homogenization of metal particles are favorably realized.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device with three layers of stators;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the device with two layers of stators;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer stirring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of four-layer stirring;
FIG. 5 is a semi-solid metallographic structure prepared by a two-layer stirring motor in A356;
FIG. 6 is a semi-solid metallographic structure prepared by a three-layer stirring motor in A356;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a conventional stirring apparatus;
in the figure: 1-a shell; 2-a stator; 3-an induction coil; 4-an insulating layer; 5-resistance wire; 6-crucible; 7-a heat insulation layer; 8-a temperature sensor; 9-a support frame; 10-a heat radiation fan; 11-stirrer cover; 110-a handle; 111-viewing port.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
A semi-solid slurry preparation process capable of realizing multilayer stirring is characterized in that at least two rotating electromagnetic fields applied to a crucible are arranged outside an electric heating crucible from top to bottom, and the rotating directions of two adjacent layers of rotating electromagnetic fields are opposite; the rotating electromagnetic field drives the liquid phase solution in the crucible to rotate, the upper and lower adjacent layers of rotating electromagnetic fields drive the corresponding upper and lower side liquid phase solutions to rotate in opposite directions, layered stirring of the melt and dendritic crystal clash generation of the melt between layers are realized, the rotating speed and the stirring strength of the molten metal can be controlled by changing the current intensity and the frequency, and the solid phase rate and the uniformity of concentration distribution of the stirred molten metal are controlled.
In the embodiment, in the electromagnetic stirring pulping process, the melt is pushed to rotate, a stable rotating magnetic field is firstly excited, and the rotating magnetic field in the electromagnetic stirring device is generated by three-phase alternating current connected into a magnetic pole winding. The magnetic fields generated by the winding current of each phase in the motor coil are superposed to form a stable magnetic field; the magnetic field formed when the alternating current is changed for a period also rotates correspondingly at a fixed period, so that a rotating magnetic field is formed inside the coil.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a semisolid slurry preparation device capable of realizing multilayer stirring comprises a crucible 6, a shell 1 and a stator 3, wherein the crucible is arranged in the shell, an electric heating layer and a heat insulation layer 7 are sequentially arranged between the peripheral side of the crucible and the peripheral side of the shell from inside to outside, at least two layers of stators are arranged on the heat insulation layer at intervals from top to bottom, an induction coil 2 is wound on each stator, and two ends of each induction coil are connected with an external three-phase current power supply device through lead-out wires;
when the device is used, the input rule of three-phase current in each layer of induction coil is changed by controlling, various types of magnetic field rotation transformation are realized, the rotation directions of magnetic fields generated by the induction coils of different layers are opposite or the same, so that the aluminum liquid in which each layer of stator is positioned in the crucible is rotated in different directions, the pulse type stirring of the aluminum liquid in the crucible is formed in the longitudinal direction by the change of the magnetic fields between layers, and an oscillation type stirring mode of frequent conversion in the clockwise and anticlockwise directions is realized by controlling the clockwise rotation and then the anticlockwise rotation of each layer of magnetic field in a short time; preferably, the induction coils of the adjacent layers generate periodic magnetic field changes in opposite directions, so that molten aluminum of the adjacent layers are stirred in opposite directions, collision of melt dendrites is enhanced, mixing of high-temperature and low-temperature melts inside and outside an alloy melt and release of heat of the melts are enhanced, temperature gradients inside and outside the melts are reduced, cooling of the melts near the crucible wall is delayed, lowering of the melts and overall temperature is accelerated, refining of grains and simultaneous nucleation are facilitated, defects caused by the skin effect are effectively reduced, and meanwhile, opposite rotation motions of metal melts among the layers are reduced, so that the middle vortex effect is relieved, and generation of vortex phenomenon caused by unidirectional electromagnetic stirring is eliminated.
In this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer is made by wrapping the induction coil with a quartz jacket, so as to isolate the diffusion of the melt temperature to the magnetic induction coil and the stator, thereby preventing the coil from being burnt out due to overhigh temperature.
In this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the casing are not closed, and the lower end of the casing is fixedly provided with the cooling fan 10.
In this embodiment, the housing is mounted on a support frame 9.
In this embodiment, be provided with resistance wire 5 in the electric heating layer, the resistance wire is the heliciform and twines in the crucible outer wall, be provided with heat preservation 4 between resistance wire and crucible outer wall, the insulating layer, the resistance wire parcel is in the heat preservation, and the heat preservation is made by glass fiber, and the parcel is peripheral and around the resistance wire, and the heat that prevents the resistance wire and send gives off too fast, and the temperature that generates heat is controlled to the external controller of resistance wire accessible, keeps the stability of temperature in the crucible, makes slurrying temperature and slurrying time reach the ideal requirement.
In this embodiment, a temperature sensor 8 is arranged in the crucible to measure the temperature change condition in the stirring process in real time.
In this embodiment, the stator includes a plurality of salient pole stator unit of circumference equipartition, and the magnetic induction coil is coiled on salient pole stator, and salient pole stator is formed by the stack of multi-disc insulating silicon steel sheet, cuts out into the rectangle, stacks certain thickness, fixes with the iron sheet, inlays on stirring shell, along stirring shell circumferencial direction evenly distributed, and circumference symmetry just leaves certain clearance between each layer stator.
In the embodiment, the magnetic induction coils are wound into a rectangle, the warp yarn is bound and shaped, then the warp yarn is subjected to dip coating and drying treatment and is embedded on the salient pole stator, and three-phase current is introduced into each layer of induction coil, so that a rotating magnetic field is generated.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the shell is provided with a stirrer cover 11, the stirrer cover is arranged on the shell or one end of the stirrer cover is hinged with the shell, the stirrer cover is provided with a handle 110 and an observation hole 111, the observation hole is positioned above the crucible, and the rotation condition of the internal melt can be seen through the observation hole.
The multi-layer winding coil adopted by the device independently controls the rotation direction of the magnetic field generated by each layer of winding to realize the formation of a multi-layer rotating magnetic field in the space of the melt, so that the metal melt surrounded by each layer of coil can rotate in different directions to drive different layers of metal liquid to rotate according to the set direction or realize the mutually opposite rotation stirring motion between layers, the metal crystal grain collision between adjacent melts of the melt layers or the rapid convection motion of melt mass points is realized, the precipitated crystal grains are further refined in collision, the temperature field and the flow field of the solidified fluid are uniformly distributed, the rotation speed and the intensity of the metal liquid stirring can be controlled by changing the current intensity and the frequency, and the solid phase rate and the uniformity of the concentration distribution of the metal melt after stirring are controlled at the same time.
The device increases the clash among the dendrites, can effectively break and break the dendrites in the nucleation process, and enables the formed crystal nucleus to be more rounded, thereby further refining the particles.
The adjacent two layers of stirring modes in different directions of the device reduce the possibility of vortex generation when the liquid rotates, avoid air entrainment and are beneficial to improving the quality of semi-solid slurry.
The device realizes multiple different stirring modes by changing the rotation direction of the magnetic field between layers, integrates multiple stirring modes such as multilayer syntropy, multilayer reversal, oscillation mode, impulse type and the like, and improves the degree of semi-solid pulping automation.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the semi-solid pulping device capable of realizing two-layer stirring is selected, the number of layers of the rotating magnetic field is two, the rotation of the upper layer of magnetic field and the lower layer of magnetic field in different directions can be realized, and the metal melt surrounded by the upper layer of stator and the lower layer of stator can rotate in opposite directions. The preparation method comprises the steps of selecting and using aluminum alloy A356 with the mass of 3kg as a raw material for slurry preparation, placing the raw material into a resistance furnace for 700 ℃ heating and melting, maintaining the temperature within the range of 10-20 ℃ of a liquidus after refining and impurity removal, adding the prepared slurry into the device for stirring in different directions of an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the stirring frequency is 35HZ, the vortex effect in the middle of the slurry can be obviously observed to be slowed down, and sampling after the slurry is prepared for 20-30s to obtain semi-solid slurry. . The gold phase diagram shows that most of the middle areas of the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry are spherical grains, the appearance is regular, and the quality of the semi-solid slurry is excellent. The metallographic structure of a356 shown in fig. 5 is a semi-solid structure prepared by a two-layer stirring motor.
The semi-solid pulping device capable of realizing three-layer stirring is selected, the number of layers of the rotating magnetic field is three, the rotation of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer in different directions of the magnetic field can be realized, the stirring and rotating directions of the upper layer metal melt and the lower layer metal melt are set to be consistent, and the rotating and stirring directions of the middle layer metal melt are different from those of the other two layers. The preparation method comprises the steps of selecting aluminum alloy A356 with the mass of 3kg as a raw material for slurry preparation, putting the raw material into a resistance furnace for 700 ℃ heating and melting, refining and removing impurities, keeping the temperature between 10 ℃ and 20 ℃ of a liquidus, adding the prepared slurry into the device, stirring the prepared slurry in an upper layer and a lower layer in different directions, stirring the slurry at the stirring frequency of 35HZ for 20-30s to obtain semi-solid slurry, and sampling. The metallographic structure of a356 shown in fig. 6 is a semi-solid structure prepared by a three-layer stirring motor. The semi-solid slurry prepared by the method has the grain size of 60um, the shape factor of 0.76, no obvious dendritic crystal in the structure and reduced shrinkage porosity and shrinkage porosity caused by entrainment of gas and slag.
If this patent discloses or refers to parts or structures that are fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts are understood to be, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the patent, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
The above-mentioned preferred embodiments, further illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of semi-solid slurry capable of realizing multilayer stirring is characterized in that: at least two rotating electromagnetic fields applied to the crucible are arranged outside the electric heating crucible from top to bottom, and the rotating directions of the two layers of rotating electromagnetic fields adjacent to each other are opposite; the rotating electromagnetic field drives the liquid phase solution in the crucible to rotate, the upper and lower adjacent layers of rotating electromagnetic fields drive the corresponding upper and lower side liquid phase solutions to rotate in opposite directions, layered stirring of the melt and dendritic crystal clash generation of the melt between layers are realized, the rotating speed and the stirring strength of the molten metal can be controlled by changing the current intensity and the frequency, and the solid phase rate and the uniformity of concentration distribution of the stirred molten metal are controlled.
2. A semi-solid slurry preparation device capable of realizing multi-layer stirring, which adopts the preparation process as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that: including crucible, casing, stator, the crucible sets up and in the casing, from interior to exterior has set gradually electric heating layer, insulating layer between crucible week side and the casing week side, from top to bottom interval installation at least two-layer stator on the insulating layer, the coiling has induction coil on the stator, and external three-phase current power supply unit is connected through drawing the wire at the induction coil both ends.
3. The apparatus for preparing semi-solid slurry capable of achieving multi-layer stirring according to claim 2, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the shell are not closed, and a heat radiation fan is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the shell.
4. A multi-layer stirring achievable semi-solid slurry preparation apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the shell is installed on the support frame.
5. The apparatus for preparing semi-solid slurry capable of achieving multi-layer stirring according to claim 2, wherein: and a resistance wire is arranged in the electric heating layer and spirally wound on the outer wall of the crucible.
6. The apparatus for preparing semi-solid slurry capable of achieving multi-layer stirring according to claim 5, wherein: and a heat insulation layer is arranged among the resistance wire, the outer wall of the crucible and the heat insulation layer, and the resistance wire is wrapped in the heat insulation layer.
7. A multi-layer stirring achievable semi-solid slurry preparation apparatus according to claim 2, 3, 5 or 6, wherein: and a temperature sensor is arranged in the crucible.
8. A multi-layer stirring achievable semi-solid slurry preparation apparatus according to claim 2, 3, 5 or 6, wherein: the stator comprises a plurality of salient pole stator units which are uniformly distributed on the circumference, and the magnetic induction coil is wound on the salient pole stator.
9. The apparatus for preparing semi-solid slurry capable of achieving multi-layer stirring according to claim 8, wherein: the utility model discloses a crucible pot, including casing, casing upper end, agitator lid, the agitator lid is provided with the agitator lid, and the agitator lid is established on the casing or one end is articulated with the casing, and the agitator is covered and is provided with handle, observation hole, and the observation hole is located the crucible top.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115446271A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-09 | 北京科技大学 | Bidirectional electromagnetic stirring device for molten steel casting |
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