CN114844580A - Self-closed loop testing device and method based on satellite-borne KaSAR system - Google Patents
Self-closed loop testing device and method based on satellite-borne KaSAR system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a self-closing ring testing device based on a satellite-borne KaSAR system, which comprises: the radio frequency circulator module is used for carrying out bidirectional transmission on a transmitting and receiving signal at the same port, and the isolation degree of the transmitting and receiving signal is greater than 20 dB; the first low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the input electric signal to adapt to the input requirement of the electro-optical conversion module; the electro-optical conversion module is used for converting the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka waveband into an optical signal with fixed wavelength and inputting the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module; the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a linear frequency modulation signal of a Ka wave band again; the second low-noise amplifier module is used for adjusting the power intensity of the output electric signal so as to adapt to the input requirements of the filter and the subsequent circuit; the filter filters signals outside the effective signal bandwidth and reserves in-band signals; and the power amplification module is used for amplifying the rated power of the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka wave band, and the amplification gain is 30 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite-borne millimeter wave SAR (synthetic aperture radar), and relates to a self-closed loop testing device and method based on a satellite-borne KaSAR system, which can be applied to a satellite-borne KaSAR system for simulating the time delay of signals between receiving and transmitting links in a ground testing stage to test the receiving and transmitting links.
Background
The millimeter wave SAR satellite adopts millimeter wave bands, is short in wavelength, can realize quasi-optical imaging, has the capability of finely describing the detail characteristics of a ground object, can promote the development of space reconnaissance from target identification to a target technology description stage, and can meet the requirements of light and small fine reconnaissance observation, high-precision and wide-swath marine observation, multi-polarization information acquisition, ground object precise classification application and the like. The millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar technology has become an international research hotspot due to the huge application value and strategic significance of the technology.
At present, certain gap exists between the basic theory and the technical level of the millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar field and abroad in China, and the construction requirements of national major engineering, national defense and aerospace equipment systems cannot be completely met. The present millimeter wave remote sensing technology research in China mainly focuses on the basic imaging and interference technology of the airborne millimeter wave SAR, and the new system and signal processing research of the satellite-borne millimeter wave SAR system just starts and needs to develop deep attack and customs research urgently. The method is also a very important link for fully verifying the performance of a transceiving link of the SAR satellite in the millimeter waveband in a ground test stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a general self-closed loop test method and device applied to a satellite-borne Ka-band SAR system, aiming at ground test requirements of a transmitting-receiving link of a Ka-band millimeter wave SAR satellite.
The invention provides a self-closed loop testing device based on a satellite-borne KaSAR system, which comprises: the device comprises a radio frequency circulator module, an electro-optical conversion module, an optical carrier transmission module, a photoelectric conversion module, a power amplification module, a filter, a first low-noise amplification module and a second low-noise amplification module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the radio frequency circulator module is used for carrying out bidirectional transmission on a transmitting and receiving signal at the same port, and the isolation degree of the transmitting and receiving signal is greater than 20 dB;
the first low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the input electric signal to adapt to the input requirement of the electro-optical conversion module;
the electro-optical conversion module converts the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka waveband into an optical signal with fixed wavelength and inputs the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module;
the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a linear frequency modulation signal of a Ka wave band again;
and the second low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the output electric signal so as to adapt to the input requirements of the filter and subsequent circuits.
The filter filters signals outside the effective signal bandwidth and reserves in-band signals;
the power amplification module amplifies the rated power of the Ka-band linear frequency modulation signal, and the amplification gain is 30 dB.
Preferably, the optical carrier transmission module is used for transmitting optical signals, the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber is close to the speed of light, the light length required by different transmission delays can be accurately calculated, and the transmission delay of the optical carrier in the transmission module is adjustable from 5us to 500 us.
Preferably, the electro-optical conversion module can convert the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka band into an optical signal with a fixed wavelength by using an electro-optical effect that a refractive index of a crystal material changes under the action of an external electric field in a modulation mode, and inputs the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module.
Preferably, the same port carries out bidirectional transmission on the transceiving signals by applying a constant magnetic field in the medium, and the isolation of the transceiving signals is more than 20 dB.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a Ka-band chirp signal again by using the photoelectric effect.
The invention also provides a test method applied to the self-closed-loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, the test method is used for testing the output power of the self-closed-loop test device, and the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, a signal source is used to generate a signal with a bandwidth to be tested, the signal is connected into a self-closed loop device, and a power meter is used to test the power of an output signal; and after the test is finished, adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the signal output by the signal source, and recording the output characteristics of the self-closed loop test device under different input conditions by using a power meter to obtain the output power and frequency characteristics of the self-closed loop test device.
The invention also provides a testing method applied to the self-closed-loop testing device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, the testing method is used for testing the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed-loop testing device, and the method comprises the following steps: and (2) using a network analyzer with more than two ports, wherein the first port is connected to the input end of the self-closed loop testing device, and the second port receives the output signal of the self-closed loop equipment, adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the output signal of the network analyzer, records the signal of a receiving end, and obtains the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed loop device under different input conditions.
The invention also provides a test method for testing by adopting the self-closed loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, before the self-closed loop test, the functions and performance indexes of a transmitting link and a receiving link of the SAR system are independently tested, and the transmitting link can pass output signals of test links such as a frequency spectrograph and an oscilloscope; the receiving link can be accessed into the link by using the signal source to output dot frequency signals, and the performance indexes of the link are received, processed and analyzed by the receiver. After the above steps are completed, the self-closed loop testing device is accessed into the SAR system, as shown in fig. 3, a transmitting link of the SAR system is accessed to an input end of the self-closed loop testing device, a receiving device is accessed to an output end of the self-closed loop testing device, a transmitting signal returns to a receiving link after a fixed delay, a returned signal is received by a receiver, and a performance index of the link is processed and analyzed, so that the simulation of the echo delay of the SAR system under the on-orbit condition is realized.
The invention solves the problem that the prior satellite-borne SAR system can not carry out the receiving and transmitting full link test between ground tests, reduces the test cost and shortens the test period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an output power test of the self-closing ring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the testing of the delay characteristic, phase characteristic and transmission characteristic of the self-closing ring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a self-closed loop testing method of the SAR system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the self-closing ring device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a self-closed loop testing device based on a satellite-borne KaSAR system, which comprises: the device comprises a radio frequency circulator module, an electro-optical conversion module, an optical carrier transmission module, a photoelectric conversion module, a power amplification module, a filter, a first low-noise amplification module and a second low-noise amplification module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the radio frequency circulator module is used for carrying out bidirectional transmission on a transmitting and receiving signal at the same port, and the isolation degree of the transmitting and receiving signal is greater than 20 dB;
the first low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the input electric signal to adapt to the input requirement of the electro-optical conversion module;
the electro-optical conversion module converts the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka waveband into an optical signal with fixed wavelength and inputs the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module;
the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a linear frequency modulation signal of a Ka wave band again;
and the second low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the output electric signal so as to adapt to the input requirements of the filter and subsequent circuits.
The filter filters signals outside the effective signal bandwidth and reserves in-band signals;
the power amplification module amplifies the rated power of the Ka-band linear frequency modulation signal, and the amplification gain is 30 dB.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical carrier transmission module is used for transmitting optical signals, the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber is close to the light speed, the light length required by different transmission delays can be accurately calculated, and the transmission delay of the optical carrier in the transmission module is adjustable from 5us to 500 us.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electro-optical conversion module can convert the Ka-band chirp signal into an optical signal with a fixed wavelength by using an electro-optical effect that a refractive index of a crystal material changes under an external electric field in a modulation manner, and input the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional transmission of the transceiving signals at the same port is realized by applying a constant magnetic field in a medium, and the isolation degree of the transceiving signals is more than 20 dB.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a Ka-band chirp signal again by using a photoelectric effect.
The invention also provides a test method applied to the self-closed-loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, the test method is used for testing the output power of the self-closed-loop test device, and the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, a signal source is used to generate a signal with a bandwidth to be tested, the signal is connected into a self-closed loop device, and a power meter is used to test the power of an output signal; and after the test is finished, adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the signal output by the signal source, and recording the output characteristics of the self-closed loop test device under different input conditions by using a power meter to obtain the output power and frequency characteristics of the self-closed loop test device.
The invention also provides a testing method applied to the self-closed-loop testing device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, as shown in FIG. 2, the testing method is used for testing the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed-loop testing device, and the method comprises the following steps: and (2) using a network analyzer with more than two ports, wherein the first port is connected to the input end of the self-closed loop testing device, and the second port receives the output signal of the self-closed loop equipment, adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the output signal of the network analyzer, records the signal of a receiving end, and obtains the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed loop device under different input conditions.
The invention also provides a test method for testing by adopting the self-closed loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system, before the self-closed loop test, the functions and performance indexes of a transmitting link and a receiving link of the SAR system are independently tested, and the transmitting link can pass output signals of test links such as a frequency spectrograph and an oscilloscope; the receiving link can be accessed into the link by using the signal source to output dot frequency signals, and the performance indexes of the link are received, processed and analyzed by the receiver. After the above steps are completed, the self-closed loop testing device is accessed into the SAR system, as shown in fig. 3, a transmitting link of the SAR system is accessed to an input end of the self-closed loop testing device, a receiving device is accessed to an output end of the self-closed loop testing device, a transmitting signal returns to a receiving link after a fixed delay, a returned signal is received by a receiver, and a performance index of the link is processed and analyzed, so that the simulation of the echo delay of the SAR system under the on-orbit condition is realized.
The following description will be made with reference to specific examples.
The invention realizes the delay of 1 path of microwave signals. Taking the implementation of 100us delay as an example, from the perspective of pure radio frequency technology, the system needs to implement large delay of several us levels, which is equivalent to the need to introduce twenty kilometers of cable. The cable loss is about 1000dB/km, and hundreds of dB energy loss can be caused by a cable with a length of hundreds of meters, so that the system performance index is difficult to meet. In addition, the volume, bandwidth, isolation and cost are also the limiting factors for realizing large delay by adopting pure radio frequency technology. Compared with the radio frequency technology, the microwave photon technology based on the optical fiber has the great advantages of extremely low loss (0.2dB/km) and extremely large bandwidth (hundreds of GHz), and is an advantageous scheme for realizing large-range radio frequency delay. Meanwhile, the optical fiber is low in cost and small in size, and practical feasibility is provided for implementation of the scheme. Therefore, the optical fiber-based microwave photonic technology is intended to realize the delay index, and the refractive index of the known optical fiber is about 1.467, so the length of the optical fiber in the corresponding delay assembly is about 20 km. In the actual manufacturing process, it is necessary to take into account the time delay introduced by the rf device and perform adjustment. For delay errors, 10ns is equivalent to a fiber length error of 2 m. It is therefore desirable to achieve high precision, wide range of measurements, cuts and fusion splices for optical fibers.
In the design scheme for realizing the optical delay system, there are two main schemes, namely an external modulation scheme and a direct modulation scheme. The two methods realize the consistent time delay principle of the microwave, namely modulating a radio frequency signal to an optical carrier frequency and transmitting the radio frequency signal in an optical fiber with a certain length, and converting the transmitted optical signal into a microwave signal. The converted microwave signal is a delayed microwave signal, and the delay is the time of transmission in the optical fiber. Due to the advantage of low transmission loss of the optical fiber, the loss of the optical signal in power after being transmitted through a long optical fiber is almost negligible. The outer modulation scheme is the most different from the straight modulation scheme in that the outer modulation scheme modulates the radio frequency signal onto the optical carrier frequency in the electro-optical modulator, and the straight modulation scheme modulates the radio frequency signal onto the optical carrier frequency directly in the semiconductor laser. The external modulation scheme requires basic devices such as a laser, an optoelectronic modulator, and a photodetector. The laser provides optical carrier frequency, the photoelectric modulator modulates radio frequency signal to the optical carrier frequency, and the photoelectric detector demodulates the input optical signal and outputs delayed radio frequency signal. The linearity of the scheme is positively correlated with the half-wave voltage of the modulator, and the higher the half-wave voltage is, the higher the linearity is, but the larger the loss introduced by the system is. In addition, the modulator has the problem that the bias point drifts with the environment, namely the stability of the output power of the whole system is seriously influenced by the environment. This problem can be solved by adding a polarization point control module. Compared with an external modulation scheme, the direct modulation scheme only needs basic devices such as a direct modulation laser, a photoelectric detector and the like. The direct modulation laser directly modulates the radio frequency signal to the light carrier emitted by the direct modulation laser, transmits the radio frequency signal for a certain distance in the optical fiber, and demodulates the radio frequency signal again at the photoelectric detector end, so that the direct modulation laser has the characteristic of small volume. However, the direct modulation scheme faces the difficulties of bandwidth limitation and large noise, and the working bandwidth of the current direct modulation laser is not high and is generally below 40 GHz. Since the input frequency range is up to Ka band, a direct modulation scheme is not feasible, and only an external modulation scheme can be employed. The input power is as high as + 15- +25dBm, and the input dynamic range of the system is represented as 10 dB. As an estimation, the external modulation noise coefficient is about 40dB, and the link gain is about-30 dB, while the index of the invention needs the noise coefficient to be lower than 40dB, and the link gain is-20 dB. The pure microwave photon link is difficult to meet the index, so a low noise amplifier needs to be added in front of the system, and the noise coefficient index is improved. The gain of the amplifier needs to be balanced, since the introduction of the amplifier will deteriorate the dynamic range parameters of the system.
In the system, a preamplifier is selected to ensure the noise coefficient and dynamic range of the link, and a post-amplifier is selected to ensure the gain of the link. In addition, the harmonic rejection index needs to be greater than 50dB, which characterizes the nonlinear requirements of the system, and therefore requires the addition of a band-pass filter. In order to realize higher power output, the invention adds an optional power amplification module at the tail end of the system. When the power amplification module is not used, the power amplification module is connected to a matched load end, if the output power is to be improved, the delay output end is required to be connected to the input end of the power amplifier, and the power amplifier output is connected to the annular input.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a based on satellite-borne KaSAR system self-loopa testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a radio frequency circulator module, an electro-optical conversion module, an optical carrier transmission module, a photoelectric conversion module, a power amplification module, a filter, a first low-noise amplification module and a second low-noise amplification module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the radio frequency circulator module is used for carrying out bidirectional transmission on a transmitting and receiving signal at the same port, and the isolation degree of the transmitting and receiving signal is greater than 20 dB;
the first low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the input electric signal to adapt to the input requirement of the electro-optical conversion module;
the electro-optical conversion module converts the linear frequency modulation signal of the Ka waveband into an optical signal with fixed wavelength and inputs the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module;
the photoelectric conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a linear frequency modulation signal of a Ka wave band again;
and the second low-noise amplifier module adjusts the power intensity of the output electric signal so as to adapt to the input requirements of the filter and subsequent circuits.
The filter filters signals outside the effective signal bandwidth and reserves in-band signals;
the power amplification module amplifies the rated power of the Ka-band linear frequency modulation signal, and the amplification gain is 30 dB.
2. The self-closed-loop testing device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical carrier transmission module is used for transmitting optical signals, the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber is close to the speed of light, the accurate calculation of the light length required by different transmission delays is realized, and the transmission delay of the optical carrier in the transmission module is adjustable from 5us to 500 us.
3. The self-closed-loop testing device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electro-optical conversion module can convert the Ka-band chirp signal into an optical signal with a fixed wavelength by using an electro-optical effect that a crystal material changes in refractive index under the action of an external electric field in a modulation mode, and input the optical signal into the optical carrier transmission module.
4. The self-closed loop test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rf circulator module implements bidirectional transmission of the transceiving signal at the same port by applying a constant magnetic field in the medium, and the isolation of the transceiving signal is greater than 20 dB.
5. The self-closed loop test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical-to-electrical conversion module demodulates the delayed optical signal into a chirp signal of Ka band again by using an optical-to-electrical effect.
6. A test method applied to the self-closed-loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the test method is used for testing the output power of the self-closed-loop test device, and the method comprises the following steps: generating a signal with a bandwidth to be tested by using a signal source, accessing the signal into the self-closing ring device, and testing the power of an output signal by using a power meter; and after the test is finished, adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the signal output by the signal source, and recording the output characteristics of the self-closed loop test device under different input conditions by using a power meter to obtain the output power and frequency characteristics of the self-closed loop test device.
7. A test method applied to the self-closed-loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the test method is used for testing the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed-loop test device, and the method comprises the following steps: and (2) using a network analyzer with more than two ports, wherein the first port is connected to the input end of the self-closed loop testing device, and the second port receives the output signal of the self-closed loop equipment, adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the output signal of the network analyzer, records the signal of a receiving end, and obtains the delay characteristic, the phase characteristic and the transmission characteristic of the self-closed loop device under different input conditions.
8. A test method for testing by adopting the self-closed loop test device based on the satellite-borne KaSAR system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that before the self-closed loop test, the functions and performance indexes of a transmitting link and a receiving link of the SAR system are separately tested, and the transmitting link can pass through output signals of a test link such as a frequency spectrograph and an oscilloscope; the receiving link can be accessed into the link by using the signal source to output dot frequency signals, and the performance indexes of the link are received, processed and analyzed by the receiver. After the steps are completed, the self-closed loop testing device is connected into the SAR system, a transmitting link of the SAR system is connected into an input end of the self-closed loop testing device, a receiving device is connected into an output end of the self-closed loop testing device, a transmitting signal returns to a receiving link after fixed time delay, the returned signal is received by a receiver, and performance indexes of the link are processed and analyzed, so that simulation of the SAR system echo time delay under the on-orbit condition is realized.
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