CN114513250B - Instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on differential optical time stretching principle - Google Patents
Instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on differential optical time stretching principle Download PDFInfo
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/077—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
- H04B10/0775—Performance monitoring and measurement of transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
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Abstract
An instantaneous frequency measurement system based on a differential optical time stretching principle relates to the fields of microwave photonics, ultrafast measurement and real-time measurement, wherein the light output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with the input end of a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the light input end of a modulator, and one output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the second optical circulator, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module, and the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balance detector. The system can relieve the pressure of the rear-end electronic equipment, and eliminates the distortion influence of laser pulse envelope unevenness on measurement through differential detection, thereby being capable of carrying out real-time and accurate ultrafast measurement on the multi-frequency signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of microwave photonics, ultrafast measurement and real-time measurement, in particular to an instantaneous frequency measurement system and an instantaneous frequency measurement method based on a differential optical time stretching principle.
Background
The accurate and rapid identification of carrier frequencies from unknown microwave signals is important in applications such as electronic warfare, signal intelligence systems, and radar warning receivers. Conventional electronics have the advantage of high resolution and high flexibility, and have been widely used for Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) in the microwave band. However, due to the influence of the "electronic bottleneck", the measuring range of the electronic technology is very limited and the measuring speed is slow.
In recent years, the IFM scheme based on microwave photons has been widely used to expand the measurement range of microwave frequency and increase the measurement speed due to the advantages of large bandwidth, low loss, electromagnetic interference resistance, and the like. According to the working principle, the following three methods can be roughly classified: frequency-power mapping, optical channelization, and frequency-time mapping. Wherein the frequency-power mapping scheme can provide higher measurement resolution, but has the disadvantage of not being able to measure multi-frequency signals; the optical channelisation scheme is capable of measuring multiple frequencies, but is limited by the optical channeliser, resulting in insufficient frequency resolution (typically greater than 1 GHz); the frequency-time mapping scheme is also capable of measuring multi-frequency signals, but the measurement range is typically limited by the bandwidth of the back-end photodetectors and digitizers.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a system for measuring instantaneous frequency, which can relieve the pressure of the back-end electronic equipment and realize multi-frequency real-time and ultra-fast measurement. The optical time stretching technique can overcome the speed and resolution limitations of high-speed analog-to-digital converters (Fard A M, gupta S, jalali B.photo time-stretch digitizer and its extension to real-time spectroscopy and imaging [ J ]. Laser & Photonics Reviews,2013,7 (2): 207-263), thereby reducing the cost and system complexity of real-time measurements. In recent years, this technology has prompted the development of a number of high-throughput, real-time instruments for scientific, medical, and engineering applications, and has been successfully used to observe a variety of rare incidents. However, in conventional time stretched systems, the spectrum of the pulsed light source is also mapped to the time domain, resulting in distortion of the electrical signal measurement and limiting the dynamic range of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the current instantaneous frequency real-time measurement cost is high and the pulse envelope unevenness in the traditional time stretching system affects the accuracy of the measurement result, the invention provides an instantaneous frequency measurement system and an instantaneous frequency measurement method based on a differential optical time stretching principle.
The instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle is characterized in that the light output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with the input end of a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the light input end of a modulator, and one output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the second optical circulator, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balance detector, finally, the electric output port of the balance detector outputs a differential electric signal, and the electric output port is connected with the real-time oscilloscope.
The modulator is a dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator.
The dual output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator operates at the quadrature bias to obtain linear modulation.
The first and second dispersion modules are used for providing group velocity dispersion for the pulse optical signal, and are single mode fiber, dispersion compensation fiber or chirped fiber Bragg grating element.
The dispersion value of the first dispersion module is smaller than the dispersion value of the second dispersion module.
The instantaneous frequency measurement method based on the differential optical time stretching principle comprises the following steps:
differential detection is realized by adopting a double-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, RF signal distortion caused by laser spectrum non-uniformity is restrained, an RF signal to be detected is firstly modulated on chirped pulse light, and then the RF signal to be detected is linearly widened on a time domain through a dispersion module, so that the analog bandwidth of the RF signal to be detected is compressed, and the quantized sampling of a high-speed signal can be realized by a low-speed digitizer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts the time stretching technology to relieve the pressure of the back-end electronic equipment and reduce the cost of the measuring tool; the invention adopts differential detection to eliminate the measurement distortion problem caused by uneven pulse envelope in the traditional time stretching optical link, and improves the measurement accuracy; the invention can carry out real-time and ultra-fast measurement on the multi-frequency signals.
The invention eliminates the distortion influence of uneven pulse spectrum on the signal to be measured by using a differential optical time stretching technology, compresses the analog bandwidth of the signal, can quantitatively sample the high-speed signal by using a relatively low-speed digitizer, and realizes real-time and accurate measurement of the instantaneous multi-frequency broadband signal.
Drawings
The invention, together with a further understanding of the many of its attendant advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and the accompanying drawings, illustrate and describe the invention and do not constitute a limitation to the invention, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the principle of differential optical time stretching.
Frequency fading simulation results due to dispersion in the system of fig. 2.
The system of fig. 3 measures 16GHz and 19GHz dual tone input signals.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. It will be apparent that many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art based upon the teachings herein.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element or component is referred to as being "connected" to another element or component, it can be directly connected to the other element or component or intervening elements or components may also be present. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to facilitate an understanding of the embodiments, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the various embodiments do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
Example 1: according to the instantaneous frequency measurement method based on the differential optical time stretching principle, differential detection is realized by adopting a double-output push-pull type Mach-Zehnder modulator (DOMZM) with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, RF signal distortion caused by laser spectrum non-uniformity is restrained, an RF signal to be measured is firstly modulated onto chirped pulse light, and then the RF signal to be measured is linearly stretched in a time domain through a dispersion module, so that the analog bandwidth of the RF signal to be measured is compressed, and the quantized sampling of a high-speed signal can be realized by a low-speed digitizer.
The method comprises the following steps:
when the DOMZM is at the quadrature bias point, assuming the RF input signal is V (t), the output electric field at the two complementary outputs of the DOMZM can be expressed as:
wherein E is 0 (t) represents an input optical signal, V π Is the half-wave voltage of the DOMZM, phi represents the phase difference between the two arms of the DOMZM, and can be controlled by adjusting the bias voltage.
After passing through the balanced photodetector, the above formula can be expressed as:
where I (t) represents the photocurrent of the detector. When (when)At this time, it is possible to obtain:
therefore, common mode noise in an optical link can be restrained by adopting the balance photoelectric detector, the influence of uneven envelope of the pulse light source on a measurement result is eliminated, and the dynamic range of the system is greatly improved.
Chromatic dispersion causes frequency fading phenomena in a system, and the transfer function of the system can be expressed as:
wherein omega RF Represents the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal 2 For the group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module, L is the length of the dispersion module II, S is the stretch factor of the system, and the expression is
S＝1+D 2 /D 1 (5)
Wherein D is 1 And D 2 The dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are shown, respectively. Thus, the position where the frequency attenuation point occurs can be adjusted by changing the dispersion value of the dispersion module.
The lowest frequency that the system can detect is determined by the time aperture of the system, which can be expressed as:
T A ＝Δλ·D 1 (6)
wherein Deltaλ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D 1 The dispersion parameter (unit: ps/nm) of the dispersion module I. Thus, by changing D 1 The low frequency detection range of the system can be adjusted.
The mode-locked laser is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with the input end of a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the optical input end of the DOMZM, an RF signal to be tested is loaded to the radio frequency input port of the DOMZM for modulation, two optical output ports of the DOMZM are respectively connected with 1 ports of two optical circulators, and 2 ports of the two optical circulators are respectively connected with two ends of a second dispersion module, so that two paths of optical signals obtain the same dispersion broadening; the 3 ports of the two optical circulators are respectively connected with the two optical input ends of the balance photoelectric detector, the electric output port of the balance photoelectric detector obtains a differential electric signal, and the differential electric signal is connected with the real-time oscilloscope, converted into a digital signal and processed;
adjusting bias voltage V of DOMZM bias So that V bias ＝V π Wherein V is π Representing the half-wave voltage of the DOMZM;
the DOMZM is ensured to work under small signal modulation, and nonlinear distortion is avoided;
the polarization controller is adjusted to minimize polarization losses in the system to obtain maximum output signal-to-noise ratio.
Example 2: the instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a pulse laser light source 1, a first dispersion module 2, a polarization controller 3, a DOMZM 4, a first optical circulator 5, a second optical circulator 6, a second dispersion module 7, a balance detector 8 and a real-time oscilloscope 9.
The light source 1 employed in this example outputs an optical pulse having a central wavelength of 1565nm, a laser pulse width of about 100fs, a 3dB bandwidth of 23nm, and a repetition frequency of 100MHz. The dispersion values of the dispersion module I2 and the dispersion module II 7 are-20 ps/nm and-150 ps/nm, respectively, so that the stretching factor of the system is 8.5 according to the formula (5). The bandwidth of DOMZM 4 is 20GHz, V π The bandwidth of the balance photoelectric detector 8 is 10GHz, the bandwidth of the real-time oscilloscope 9 is 6GHz, and the sampling rate is 20Gs/s.
The concrete connection mode is as follows:
the optical output end of the pulse laser light source 1 is connected with one end of the dispersion module I2, the other end of the dispersion module I2 is connected with the input end of the polarization controller 3, the output end of the polarization controller 3 is connected with the optical input end of the modulator 4, and one output port 41 of the modulator 4 is connected with the input end 51 of the optical circulator I5; the other output port 42 of the modulator 4 is connected to the input 61 of the optical circulator two 6.
The port 52 of the first optical circulator 5 and the port 62 of the second optical circulator 6 are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module 7, so that the upper optical signal and the lower optical signal undergo the same dispersion broadening, the port 53 of the first optical circulator 5 and the port 63 of the second optical circulator 6 are respectively connected with the first optical input port 81 and the second optical input port 82 of the balance detector 8 to realize differential detection, and finally, the electric output port 83 of the balance detector 8 outputs differential electric signals, and the electric output port 83 is connected with the real-time oscilloscope 9 to realize analog-digital conversion.
The modulator 4 is a dual output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator.
Wherein omega RF Represents the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal 2 For the group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module, L is the length of the dispersion module II, S is the stretch factor of the system, and the expression is
S＝1+D 2 /D 1 (5)
Wherein D is 1 And D 2 The dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are shown, respectively. Thus, the position where the frequency attenuation point occurs can be adjusted by changing the dispersion value of the dispersion module.
The lowest frequency that the system can detect is determined by the time aperture of the system, which can be expressed as:
T A ＝Δλ·D 1 (6)
wherein Deltaλ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D 1 The dispersion parameter (unit: ps/nm) of the dispersion module I. Thus, by changing D 1 The low frequency detection range of the system can be adjusted.
From equation (4) and the dispersion module parameters used in this example, the transfer function of the system is shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the power roll-off caused by dispersion is less than 0.1dB within 20GHz of the measurement range (determined by the DOMZM bandwidth), so this example does not need to compensate for the power drop.
As can be seen from equation (6), the lowest probing frequency of this example is about 2.2GHz; the 16GHz and 19GHz duplex signals are selected as RF inputs, the fast Fourier transform is carried out on the time domain signals acquired by the real-time oscilloscope 9, the result is shown in figure 3, the measurement results are 15.93GHz and 19.06GHz, the error is 70MHz, and the system has higher measurement accuracy.
As can be seen from embodiment 1, the present invention proposes an instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle, which solves the problem of "electronic bottleneck" by using the time stretching technology, and can expand the measurement bandwidth; meanwhile, the problem of measurement distortion caused by uneven pulse light envelope in a time stretching system is solved by adopting differential detection, and the method has the advantages of real-time, ultrafast and accurate measurement of multi-frequency signals and has very wide application prospect.
As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and effect of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications are also entirely within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle is characterized in that the light output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with the input end of a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the light input end of a modulator, and one output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the optical circulator II, the port of the optical circulator I and the port of the optical circulator II are respectively connected with one end of the dispersion module II, the port of the optical circulator I and the port of the optical circulator II are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balance photoelectric detector, and finally, the electric output port of the balance photoelectric detector outputs a differential electric signal which is connected with the real-time oscilloscope; the modulator is a dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator; when the dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator works at the quadrature bias point, linear modulation is obtained; the dispersion module I and the dispersion module II are used for providing group velocity dispersion for the pulse optical signal and are single-mode optical fibers, dispersion compensation optical fibers or chirped fiber Bragg grating elements; the dispersion value of the first dispersion module is smaller than the dispersion value of the second dispersion module.
2. A method of using the differential optical time stretch principle based instantaneous frequency measurement system according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
differential detection is realized by adopting a double-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, RF signal distortion caused by laser spectrum non-uniformity is restrained, an RF signal to be detected is firstly modulated on chirped pulse light, and then the RF signal to be detected is linearly widened on a time domain through a dispersion module, so that the analog bandwidth of the RF signal to be detected is compressed, and the quantized sampling of a high-speed signal can be realized by using a low-speed digitizer, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator is at the quadrature bias point, and the RF input signal is set as V (t), the output electric fields of the two complementary output ends of the dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator are expressed as:
wherein E is 0 (t) represents an input optical signal, V π Is the half-wave voltage of the dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator, phi represents the phase difference between two arms, is controlled by adjusting the bias voltage,
after passing through the balanced photodetector, the above formula is expressed as:
wherein I (t) represents the photocurrent of the detector whenAt the same time, the following steps are obtained:
chromatic dispersion causes frequency fading phenomena in the system, and the transfer function of the system is expressed as:
wherein omega RF Represents the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal 2 For the group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module, L is the length of the dispersion module II, S is the stretch factor of the system, and the expression is
S＝1+D 2 /D 1 (5)
Wherein D is 1 And D 2 The dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are respectively shown,
the lowest frequency detected is determined by the time aperture of the system, which is expressed as:
T A ＝Δλ·D 1 (6)
wherein Deltaλ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D 1 Dispersion parameter unit for dispersion module one: ps/nm, thus, by varying D 1 Is used for adjusting the low frequency detection range of the system.
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| CN113315573A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-27 | 重庆邮电大学 | Optical auxiliary broadband microwave instantaneous frequency measurement method and device |
| CN113541780A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-22 | 北京交通大学 | Instantaneous frequency measuring device based on optical power monitoring |
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| US11881681B2 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2024-01-23 | Imra America, Inc. | Precision light source |
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| CN204119235U (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-01-21 | 北京交通大学 | The tunable Instantaneous Frequency Measurement system of a kind of high accuracy |
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