CN114513250A - Instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on differential optical time stretching principle - Google Patents

Instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on differential optical time stretching principle Download PDF

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CN114513250A
CN114513250A CN202111670040.3A CN202111670040A CN114513250A CN 114513250 A CN114513250 A CN 114513250A CN 202111670040 A CN202111670040 A CN 202111670040A CN 114513250 A CN114513250 A CN 114513250A
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白卓娅
延凤平
韩文国
程丹
李挺
杨丹丹
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/077Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
    • H04B10/0775Performance monitoring and measurement of transmission parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
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Abstract

An instantaneous frequency measurement system based on a differential optical time stretching principle relates to the field of microwave photonics, ultrafast measurement and real-time measurement, wherein an optical output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with an input end of a polarization controller, an output end of the polarization controller is connected with an optical input end of a modulator, and an output port of the modulator is connected with an input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the second optical circulator, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module, and the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balanced detector. The system can relieve the pressure of rear-end electronic equipment, and eliminate the distortion influence on measurement caused by uneven envelope of laser pulses through differential detection, thereby being capable of carrying out real-time and accurate ultrafast measurement on multi-frequency signals.

Description

Instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on differential optical time stretching principle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of microwave photonics, ultrafast measurement and real-time measurement, in particular to an instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on a differential optical time stretching principle.
Background
Accurately and quickly identifying carrier frequency from unknown microwave signals is very important in applications such as electronic warfare, signal information systems, radar early warning receivers and the like. Conventional electronic technology has advantages of high resolution and high flexibility, and has been widely used for Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) of microwave band. However, due to the influence of "electronic bottleneck", the measurement range of the electronic technology is very limited and the measurement speed is slow.
In recent years, IFM schemes based on microwave photons have been widely used to extend the measurement range of microwave frequencies and increase the measurement speed due to their advantages of large bandwidth, low loss, and anti-electromagnetic interference. According to different working principles, the following three methods can be roughly classified: frequency-power mapping, optical channelization, and frequency-time mapping. Among them, the frequency-power mapping scheme can provide a higher measurement resolution, but has a disadvantage that a multi-frequency signal cannot be measured; optical channelization schemes are capable of measuring multiple frequencies but are limited by the optical channelizer, resulting in insufficient frequency resolution (typically greater than 1 GHz); frequency-time mapping schemes can also measure multi-frequency signals, but the measurement range is typically limited by the bandwidth of the back-end photodetectors and the digitizer.
Therefore, it is necessary to design an instantaneous frequency measurement system which can relieve the pressure of the back-end electronic equipment and realize multi-frequency real-time and ultra-fast measurement. The optical time stretching technique can overcome the limitations of high speed analog-to-digital converter speed and resolution (Fard A M, Gupta S, Jalali B. Photonic time-stretch divider and its extension to real-time spectroscopy and imaging [ J ]. Laser & Photonic Reviews,2013,7(2): 207) to reduce the cost and system complexity of real-time measurement. In recent years, this technology has facilitated the development of many high-throughput, real-time instruments for scientific, medical, and engineering applications, and has been successfully used to observe a variety of rare emergencies. However, in conventional time-stretched systems, the inhomogeneous pulsed light source spectrum is also mapped into the time domain, resulting in distortion of the electrical signal measurement and limiting the dynamic range of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an instantaneous frequency measurement system and method based on a differential optical time stretching principle, aiming at the problems that the current instantaneous frequency real-time measurement cost is high, and the accuracy of a measurement result is influenced by the unevenness of a pulse envelope in a traditional time stretching system.
The instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle is characterized in that an optical output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with an input end of a polarization controller, an output end of the polarization controller is connected with an optical input end of a modulator, and an output port of the modulator is connected with an input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the second optical circulator, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balance detector, finally, a differential electric signal is output through the electric output port of the balance detector, and the electric output port is connected with the real-time oscilloscope.
The modulator is a dual-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator.
The dual output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator operates at a quadrature bias point to achieve linear modulation.
The first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are used for providing group velocity dispersion for the pulse optical signals and are single-mode optical fibers, dispersion compensation optical fibers or chirped fiber Bragg grating elements.
The dispersion value of the first dispersion module is smaller than that of the second dispersion module.
The instantaneous frequency measuring method based on the differential optical time stretching principle comprises the following steps:
differential detection is realized by adopting a double-output push-pull type Mach-Zehnder modulator with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, RF signal distortion caused by uneven laser spectrum is inhibited, an RF signal to be detected is firstly modulated onto chirped pulse light, and then the chirped pulse light is linearly expanded in a time domain through a dispersion module, so that the analog bandwidth of the chirped pulse light is compressed, and the high-speed signal can be quantitatively sampled by using a low-speed digitizer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts the time stretching technology to relieve the pressure of the rear-end electronic equipment and reduce the cost of a measuring tool; the invention adopts differential detection to eliminate the problem of measurement distortion caused by uneven pulse envelope in the traditional time stretch optical link, thereby improving the measurement accuracy; the invention can carry out real-time and ultra-fast measurement on multi-frequency signals.
The invention eliminates the distortion influence of the uneven pulse spectrum on the signal to be measured by using the differential optical time stretching technology, compresses the analog bandwidth of the signal, can quantitatively sample the high-speed signal by using a digitizer with relatively low speed, and realizes the real-time and accurate measurement of the instantaneous multi-frequency broadband signal.
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A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form a part of this specification, and wherein the illustrated embodiments of the invention and the description thereof are intended to illustrate and not limit the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an instantaneous frequency measurement system based on a differential optical time stretching principle.
The frequency fading simulation result due to dispersion in the system of fig. 2.
The system of fig. 3 measures 16GHz and 19GHz two-tone input signals.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the spirit of the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element, component or section is referred to as being "connected" to another element, component or section, it can be directly connected to the other element or section or intervening elements or sections may also be present. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The following examples are further illustrative in order to facilitate the understanding of the embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1: an instantaneous frequency measurement method based on a differential optical time stretching principle realizes differential detection by adopting a double-output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator (DOMZM) with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, inhibits RF signal distortion caused by nonuniform laser spectrum, firstly modulates an RF signal to be detected onto chirped pulse light, and then linearly widens the signal in a time domain by a dispersion module to compress the analog bandwidth of the signal, so that the quantitative sampling of a high-speed signal can be realized by using a low-speed digitizer.
Comprises the following steps:
when the DOMZM is in the quadrature bias point, assuming that the RF input signal is v (t), the output electric fields of the two complementary outputs of the DOMZM can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003449235390000051
wherein E is0(t) represents an input optical signal,VπIs the half-wave voltage of the DOMZM, phi represents the phase difference between the two arms of the DOMZM, and can be controlled by adjusting the bias voltage.
After balancing the photodetector, the above equation can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003449235390000052
where i (t) represents the photocurrent of the detector. When in use
Figure BDA0003449235390000053
Then, one can obtain:
Figure BDA0003449235390000054
therefore, the balanced photoelectric detector can suppress common-mode noise in an optical link, eliminate the influence of uneven envelope of the pulse light source on a measurement result and greatly improve the dynamic range of a system.
The dispersion causes frequency fading phenomenon in the system, and the transfer function of the system can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003449235390000055
wherein, ω isRFRepresenting the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal2The group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module is L is the length of the second dispersion module, S represents the stretching factor of the system and the expression is
S=1+D2/D1 (5)
Wherein D is1And D2Respectively representing the dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module. Therefore, the position where the frequency fading point occurs can be adjusted by changing the dispersion value of the dispersion module.
The lowest frequency that the system is able to detect is determined by the system's temporal aperture, which can be expressed as:
TA=Δλ·D1 (6)
where Δ λ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D1Is the dispersion parameter (unit: ps/nm) of the first dispersion module. Thus, by changing D1Can adjust the low frequency detection range of the system.
The mode-locked laser is connected with one end of the first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with the input end of the polarization controller and used for reducing polarization loss in a system, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the optical input end of the DOMZM, an RF signal to be detected is loaded to the radio frequency input port of the DOMZM to be modulated, two optical output ports of the DOMZM are respectively connected with 1 port of two optical circulators, and 2 ports of the two optical circulators are respectively connected with two ends of the second dispersion module so that two paths of optical signals can obtain the same dispersion broadening; the 3 ports of the two optical circulators are respectively connected with the two optical input ends of the balanced photoelectric detector, the electrical output port of the balanced photoelectric detector obtains a differential electrical signal, and the differential electrical signal is connected with the real-time oscilloscope, and is converted into a digital signal and processed;
adjusting bias voltage V of DOMZMbiasSo that V isbias=VπIn which V isπRepresents the half-wave voltage of the DOMZM;
the DOMZM is ensured to work under small signal modulation, and nonlinear distortion is avoided;
the polarization controller is adjusted to minimize polarization losses in the system to achieve maximum output signal-to-noise ratio.
Example 2: an instantaneous frequency measurement system based on a differential optical time stretching principle is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a pulse laser light source 1, a first dispersion module 2, a polarization controller 3, a DOMZM 4, a first optical circulator 5, a second optical circulator 6, a second dispersion module 7, a balance detector 8 and a real-time oscilloscope 9.
The center wavelength of the optical pulse output by the light source 1 adopted in the embodiment is 1565nm, the laser pulse width is about 100fs, the 3dB bandwidth is 23nm, and the repetition frequency is 100 MHz. The dispersion values of the first dispersion module 2 and the second dispersion module 7 are-20 ps/nm and-150 ps/nm, respectively, so that the system is based on the formula (5)Has a stretch factor of 8.5. The bandwidth of the DOMZM 4 is 20GHz, VπThe voltage is 4.7V, the bandwidth of the balanced photoelectric detector 8 is 10GHz, the bandwidth of the real-time oscilloscope 9 is 6GHz, and the sampling rate is 20 Gs/s.
The concrete connection mode is as follows:
the optical output end of the pulse laser source 1 is connected with one end of a first dispersion module 2, the other end of the first dispersion module 2 is connected with the input end of a polarization controller 3, the output end of the polarization controller 3 is connected with the optical input end of a modulator 4, and one output port 41 of the modulator 4 is connected with the input end 51 of an optical circulator 5; the other output port 42 of the modulator 4 is connected to the input 61 of the second optical circulator 6.
The port 52 of the first optical circulator 5 and the port 62 of the second optical circulator 6 are respectively connected to one end of the second dispersion module 7, so that the upper and lower optical signals undergo the same dispersion broadening, the port 53 of the first optical circulator 5 and the port 63 of the second optical circulator 6 are respectively connected to the first optical input port 81 and the second optical input port 82 of the balanced detector 8 to realize differential detection, finally, the differential electrical signal is output through the electrical output port 83 of the balanced detector 8, and the electrical output port 83 is connected to the real-time oscilloscope 9 to realize analog-to-digital conversion.
The modulator 4 is a dual output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator.
Figure BDA0003449235390000071
Wherein, ω isRFRepresenting the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal2The group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module is L is the length of the second dispersion module, S represents the stretching factor of the system and the expression is
S=1+D2/D1 (5)
Wherein D is1And D2Respectively representing the dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module. Therefore, the position where the frequency fading point occurs can be adjusted by changing the dispersion value of the dispersion module.
The lowest frequency that the system is able to detect is determined by the system's temporal aperture, which can be expressed as:
TA=Δλ·D1 (6)
where Δ λ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D1Is the dispersion parameter (unit: ps/nm) of the first dispersion module. Thus, by changing D1Can adjust the low frequency detection range of the system.
From equation (4) and the dispersion module parameters used in this example, the transfer function of the system is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the power roll-off caused by dispersion is less than 0.1dB within 20GHz of the measurement range (determined by the DOMZM bandwidth), so this example does not need to compensate for the power roll-off.
According to the formula (6), the lowest detection frequency of the present example is about 2.2 GHz; the 16GHz and 19GHz diphone signals are selected as RF input, the time domain signals acquired by the real-time oscilloscope 9 are subjected to fast Fourier transform, the result is shown in figure 3, the measurement results are 15.93GHz and 19.06GHz, the error is 70MHz, and the system has high measurement accuracy.
The embodiment 1 shows that the instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle is provided, the problem of electronic bottleneck is solved by using the time stretching technology, and the measurement bandwidth can be enlarged; meanwhile, the problem of measurement distortion caused by uneven pulse light envelope in a time stretching system is solved by adopting differential detection, and the method has the advantages of real-time, ultra-fast and accurate measurement of multi-frequency signals and has very wide application prospect.
As described above, although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications are possible without substantially departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, such modifications are also all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The instantaneous frequency measurement system based on the differential optical time stretching principle is characterized in that an optical output end of a pulse laser light source is connected with one end of a first dispersion module, the other end of the first dispersion module is connected with an input end of a polarization controller, an output end of the polarization controller is connected with an optical input end of a modulator, and an output port of the modulator is connected with an input end of a first optical circulator; the other output port of the modulator is connected with the input end of the second optical circulator, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with one end of the second dispersion module, the port of the first optical circulator and the port of the second optical circulator are respectively connected with the first optical input port and the second optical input port of the balanced detector, finally, the differential electrical signal is output through the electrical output port of the balanced detector, and the electrical output port is connected with the real-time oscilloscope.
2. The differential optical time stretching principle-based instantaneous frequency measurement system of claim 1, wherein the modulator is a dual-output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator.
3. The differential optical time stretching principle-based instantaneous frequency measurement system of claim 1, wherein the dual-output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator operates at a quadrature bias point to obtain linear modulation.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are used for providing group velocity dispersion to the pulsed optical signal, and are single mode fiber, dispersion compensation fiber or chirped fiber bragg grating elements.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion value of the first dispersion module is smaller than that of the second dispersion module.
6. An instantaneous frequency measurement method based on a differential optical time stretching principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
differential detection is realized by adopting a double-output push-pull type Mach-Zehnder modulator with complementary output and a balanced photoelectric detector, RF signal distortion caused by uneven laser spectrum is inhibited, an RF signal to be detected is firstly modulated onto chirped pulse light, and then the chirped pulse light is linearly expanded in a time domain through a dispersion module, so that the analog bandwidth of the chirped pulse light is compressed, and the high-speed signal can be quantitatively sampled by using a low-speed digitizer.
7. The system according to claim 6, characterized by the following steps:
when the dual-output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator is at the quadrature bias point, the RF input signal is set to v (t), and the output electric fields of the two complementary output ends of the dual-output push-pull mach-zehnder modulator are expressed as:
Figure FDA0003449235380000021
wherein E is0(t) represents an input optical signal, VπIs the half-wave voltage of the double-output push-pull type Mach-Zehnder modulator, phi represents the phase difference between the two arms and is controlled by adjusting the bias voltage,
after balancing the photodetector, the above equation is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003449235380000022
wherein I (t) represents the photocurrent of the detector when
Figure FDA0003449235380000023
Then, obtaining:
Figure FDA0003449235380000024
the dispersion causes frequency fading phenomenon in the system, and the transfer function of the system is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003449235380000025
wherein, ω isRFRepresenting the angular frequency, beta, of the RF signal2The group velocity dispersion parameter of the dispersion module is L is the length of the second dispersion module, S represents the stretching factor of the system and the expression is
S=1+D2/D1 (5)
Wherein D is1And D2Respectively representing the dispersion values of the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module,
the lowest frequency detected is determined by the time aperture of the system, which is expressed as:
TA=Δλ·D1 (6)
where Δ λ represents the 3dB bandwidth of the pulsed laser, D1Is the dispersion parameter (unit: ps/nm) of the first dispersion module, and therefore, by changing D1Adjusts the low frequency detection range of the system.
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CN111277325A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-06-12 北京邮电大学 Instantaneous frequency measurement method and system with adjustable measurement range based on polarization modulator
US20210194210A1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Imra America, Inc. Precision light source
CN113315573A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-27 重庆邮电大学 Optical auxiliary broadband microwave instantaneous frequency measurement method and device
CN113541780A (en) * 2020-04-16 2021-10-22 北京交通大学 Instantaneous frequency measuring device based on optical power monitoring

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204119235U (en) * 2014-11-04 2015-01-21 北京交通大学 The tunable Instantaneous Frequency Measurement system of a kind of high accuracy
CN105812053A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-07-27 北京邮电大学 Instantaneous frequency measuring method and system
CN109327257A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-02-12 上海交通大学 Optics Instantaneous Frequency Measurement device
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