CN107528638B - Broadband microwave signal arrival angle estimation method based on microwave photon filtering - Google Patents
Broadband microwave signal arrival angle estimation method based on microwave photon filtering Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/615—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver
- H04B10/6151—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver comprising a polarization controller at the receiver's input stage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
- H04B10/6162—Compensation of polarization related effects, e.g., PMD, PDL
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
- H04B10/6165—Estimation of the phase of the received optical signal, phase error estimation or phase error correction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/671—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal
- H04B10/675—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal for controlling the optical bandwidth of the input signal, e.g. spectral filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/691—Arrangements for optimizing the photodetector in the receiver
Abstract
the invention discloses a method for estimating the arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering, which relates to the technical field of microwaves and optical communication and is mainly applied to microwave photon signal processing. The method is shown in the attached figure and comprises a laser source, a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, a polarization beam combiner, a polarization controller, a polarization beam splitter, an optical delay line and a photoelectric detector. According to the scheme, a dual-tap microwave photonic filter is constructed by utilizing a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator and combining a differential group delay module, trapped wave filtering is carried out on an input electric signal, and the result is observed, so that the arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal is estimated. Meanwhile, the estimation method is simple in structure, easy to implement, low in price, free of influence of the neck of the electronic bottle, capable of working under a non-coherent condition, and strong in robustness and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication and microwave, in particular to a method for estimating the arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering in the optical communication technology.
Background
In the fields of radar systems, electronic warfare, and the like, there is a wide demand for estimation of the angle of arrival. However, limited by the neck of the electronic bottle, the measurement of the angle of arrival of a high-frequency band, large instantaneous bandwidth microwave signal using existing electronic technology faces a great challenge. In order to overcome the limitation of electronic bottleneck, microwave photonics combines an electronic technology and a photonic technology, realizes the generation, transmission and processing of microwave signals in an optical domain, and has the advantages of large bandwidth, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, thereby gradually becoming one of the research hotspots in various countries. The broadband microwave signal measurement technology based on microwave photons has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in implementation, no influence of electronic bottle necks and the like, and is further emphasized by research institutions of various countries.
the basic principle of current microwave signal angle of arrival estimation based on microwave photons is to measure the phase shift or relative time delay between the received radio frequency signals at two separate antenna elements. According to different implementation modes, the method can be mainly divided into three types: (1) loading microwave signals received by the two antennas and phase delay components thereof to the two electro-optical modulators, and measuring phase shift obtained by optical carrier power to obtain an arrival angle; (2) the method comprises the steps that a parallel optical delay structure formed by a double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) or a double-drive MZM is adopted, phase delay is obtained by restraining optical carriers and measuring optical sideband power, and therefore an arrival angle is obtained; (3) the angle of arrival is obtained based on a pair of microwave photon down converters by measuring the time delay between respective Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals to obtain the time delay between the microwave signals.
the phase detection based approach can only be used for pure single tone signals, whereas the down-conversion based approach requires further intermediate frequency processing. Thus, these several methods have limited processing power for large instantaneous bandwidth signals. Methods based on spectral hole burning effects in spatial-spectral materials, while capable of handling broadband signals, require operation at low temperatures. The arrival angle estimation system based on photon microwave filtering can obtain the time delay of a broadband signal by measuring a transmission notch. It requires two laser sources operating at different wavelengths and a pair of intensity modulators, which adds to the complexity of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for estimating the arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the device comprises a laser source, a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, a polarization beam combiner, a polarization controller, a polarization beam splitter, an optical delay line, an adjustable optical attenuator, a photoelectric detector and an electric signal analyzer; the output port of the laser source is connected with the input end of a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output end of the modulator is connected with the input port of the polarization controller; the output port of the polarization controller is connected with the input port of the polarization beam splitter; the output port of the polarization beam splitter is respectively connected with the input ports of the optical delay line and the adjustable optical attenuator; the output ports of the optical delay line and the variable optical attenuator are connected with the input port of the second polarization beam combiner; the output port of the second polarization beam combiner is connected with the input port of the photoelectric detector, and the output port of the photoelectric detector is connected with the electric signal analyzer for observation and test.
The polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator is composed of a Y splitter, an upper path of Mach-Zehnder modulators X-MZM, a lower path of Mach-Zehnder modulators Y-MZM, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner.
the invention comprises the following steps during working:
(1) Injecting light waves emitted from the narrow linewidth laser into the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator;
(2) and the optical signals incident to the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator enter the X-MZM and the Y-MZM respectively through the splitter. Signals received by the antenna are respectively input to the radio frequency ports of the X-MZM and the Y-MZM after passing through the electric amplifier. After a signal output by the Y-MZM passes through the 90-degree polarization rotator, the signal is orthogonal to the polarization state of the signal output by the X-MZM after the signal is input into the first polarization beam combiner, and polarization state multiplexing is realized;
(3) And the output signal of the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator is injected into the polarization beam splitter through the polarization controller. By adjusting the polarization controller, the polarization-multiplexed optical signal can be polarization-demultiplexed accurately. One path of output of the polarization beam splitter is introduced with relative time delay through an optical delay line; the other path passes through a variable optical attenuator to minimize the power difference between the two branches;
(4) The two paths of optical signals are input to a photoelectric detector through a second polarization beam combiner for photoelectric conversion, and the frequency spectrum of the output electric signal is observed and tested through an electric signal analyzer;
the invention provides a method for estimating the arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering. For incoming waves at different angles, the response of the filter changes along with the difference of two paths of delays, and the incoming wave direction is calculated and the arrival angle of the broadband microwave signal is estimated by performing notch filtering on the input electric signal and observing and recording the measurement result of the notch position.
the scheme constructs a double-tap microwave photon filter, and eliminates the limit of the coherence of a laser source through orthogonal polarization. The proposed scheme only needs one laser source and one modulator, and can improve the stability of the system and reduce the cost of the system.
The microwave photon filtering of the invention is directly carried out in the optical domain, achieves the purpose of microwave signal filtering by processing the optical signal, overcomes the bandwidth limitation and electromagnetic interference of the traditional microwave phase shift, and greatly improves the performance of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating an angle of arrival of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering according to the present invention; fig. 2(a), 2(b), 3, 4 are graphs of experimental test results, fig. 2(a) is the spectrum of an unfiltered broadband signal, fig. 2(b) is the spectrum of a filtered broadband signal, fig. 3 is the measured delay of frequency offset values versus time, fig. 4 is the measured relative time delay (dots) and corresponding measurement error (vertical bars).
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating an arrival angle of a broadband microwave signal based on microwave photon filtering according to the present invention. The polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator modulates the microwave signal to generate a polarization multiplexing signal; the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator consists of a Y splitter, an upper Mach-Zehnder modulator X-MZM, a lower Mach-Zehnder modulator Y-MZM, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner, wherein the upper Mach-Zehnder modulator X-MZM and the lower Mach-Zehnder modulator Y-MZM are parallel; controlling a polarization controller, demultiplexing the polarization multiplexing signal into two paths through a polarization beam splitter, introducing relative time delay into one path by using an optical delay line, and minimizing the power difference between the two branches by using a variable optical attenuator in the other path; combining the two paths of signals by using a second polarization beam combiner, and outputting the combined signals to a photoelectric detector; the filtered microwave signal can be obtained after the beat frequency of the photoelectric detector. The output port of the laser source is connected with the input end of a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output end of the modulator is connected with the input port of the polarization controller; the output port of the polarization controller is connected with the input port of the polarization beam splitter; the output port of the polarization beam splitter is respectively connected with the input ports of the optical delay line and the adjustable optical attenuator; the output ports of the optical delay line and the variable optical attenuator are connected with the input port of the second polarization beam combiner; the output port of the second polarization beam combiner is connected with the input port of the photoelectric detector; the photodetector outputs an electrical signal.
In this example, the method is implemented by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser source generates a continuous light wave with the wavelength of 1552nm and the power of 12dBm, and the continuous light wave is input into the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator with the half-wave voltage of 3.5V and the insertion loss of 6 dB. The non-return-to-zero signal at 1.6Gbps produced by the arbitrary waveform generator is mixed with the 18GHz local oscillator produced by the microwave signal generator, as shown in fig. 2 (a). And the mixed signals are divided into two paths and are respectively input to the radio frequency ports of the X-MZM and the Y-MZM.
Step two: the polarization multiplexing signal is divided into two paths after being demultiplexed by a polarization controller and a polarization beam splitter, wherein one path is input to an optical delay line, and the change of an arrival angle is simulated by changing time delay introduced by the optical delay line. At the same time, notch frequencies corresponding to different relative time delays were recorded and two sets of measurements were made. To determine the initial time delay between the two branches, the measurement results are first used for calibration. The measured frequency offset and corresponding time delay are shown in fig. 3, the larger the slope, the larger the fixed frequency measurement error will result in a larger time delay measurement error, and the slope of the theoretical curve is calculated to be-21.2 ps/GHz.
Step three: after calibration, the frequency offset after filtering is measured by an electric signal analyzer, and the relative time delay is calculated. Fig. 7 shows the measurement results, with corresponding measurement errors of less than ± 0.35 ps. Assuming that the antenna spacing is λ/2, the measurement error of the angle of arrival is less than 0.72 °. The time delay of (a) is in the range of-14 ps to 16ps, and the corresponding angle of arrival is in the range of-30.26 ° to 35.17 °.
In conclusion, the broadband microwave signal arrival angle estimation method based on microwave photon filtering is realized by utilizing the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, the differential group delay module and the like, the structure is simple and easy to realize, the price is low, the influence of an electronic bottleneck is avoided, the broadband microwave signal arrival angle estimation method can work under an incoherent condition, and the system has better robustness.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that several equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made on the disclosure of the present invention, the microwave photonic filter has different measurement capabilities if different values of the differential group delay are used, and these equivalent modifications and substitutions and the adjustment of the frequency range should also be considered as the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband microwave signal arrival angle estimation method based on microwave photon filtering comprises a laser source, a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, a polarization beam combiner, a polarization controller, a polarization beam splitter, an optical delay line and a photoelectric detector, and is characterized in that: the output port of the laser source is connected with the input end of a polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output end of the modulator is connected with the input port of the polarization controller; the output port of the polarization controller is connected with the input port of the polarization beam splitter; the output port of the polarization beam splitter is respectively connected with the input ports of the optical delay line and the adjustable optical attenuator; the output ports of the optical delay line and the variable optical attenuator are connected with the input port of the second polarization beam combiner; the output port of the second polarization beam combiner is connected with the input port of the photoelectric detector, and the output port of the photoelectric detector is connected with the electric signal analyzer for observation and test;
The polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator is composed of a Y splitter, an upper Mach-Zehnder modulator X-MZM, a lower Mach-Zehnder modulator Y-MZM, a polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner, wherein the upper Mach-Zehnder modulator X-MZM, the lower Mach-Zehnder modulator Y-MZM, the polarization rotator and the first polarization beam combiner are in parallel, an incident light signal is divided into two paths of optical signals with equal power by the Y splitter and respectively enter the X-MZM and the Y-MZM, radio frequency signals are respectively input to radio frequency ports of the X-MZM and the Y-MZM, signals output by the Y-MZM pass through the 90-degree polarization rotator, and then are orthogonal to polarization states after output signals of the X-MZM are input;
The polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with a differential group delay module behind, and the module introduces relative time delay through an optical delay line;
The microwave photon filter comprises a polarization controller, a polarization beam combiner and a polarization beam splitter, wherein the polarization controller properly adjusts the output signal of the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator and outputs the output signal to the polarization beam splitter, and the polarization multiplexing optical signal can be accurately subjected to polarization demultiplexing by adjusting the polarization controller.
2. The microwave photon filtering-based broadband microwave signal angle-of-arrival estimation method of claim 1, wherein: the polarization multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator is combined with the differential group delay module to realize the double-tap microwave photon notch filter.
3. The microwave photon filtering-based broadband microwave signal angle-of-arrival estimation method of claim 1, wherein: the relative time delay between two signals received at two separate antenna elements is obtained by measuring the transmission notch, and the time delay is calculated to obtain an estimate of the angle of arrival of the broadband microwave signal.
4. The microwave photon filtering-based broadband microwave signal angle-of-arrival estimation method of claim 1, wherein: the measurement range can be further increased by increasing the differential group delay value.
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