CN117639950A - Photoelectric field sensing receiving system and method for resisting strong electromagnetic interference - Google Patents
Photoelectric field sensing receiving system and method for resisting strong electromagnetic interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photoelectric field sensing receiving system and a method for resisting strong electromagnetic interference, wherein the system comprises an optical carrier wave generating module, an optical local oscillator generating module, a photoelectric field sensor, an optical processing module, a coherent down-conversion module, a digital processing and channel compensating module, a pilot signal generating module, a radio frequency channel control module and an overall control module. The invention can simultaneously measure the amplitude and the phase of the electric field based on coherent detection, simultaneously comprises channel estimation and compensation, can eliminate unevenness caused by channel response and temperature change, and can measure the information such as the amplitude, the phase, the pulse width and the like of the strong electromagnetic signal in an ultra-wide frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic protection, in particular to a photoelectric field sensing receiving system and method for resisting strong electromagnetic interference.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication and information technology, electromagnetic field technology is widely applied, electromagnetic field measurement is also more and more emphasized, and particularly, strong electromagnetic pulse measurement such as radar field, lightning electromagnetic pulse, high-power microwave and the like is more and more focused. The strong electromagnetic pulse has great influence on national defense, communication, aerospace and the like, and can cause the failure and even damage of various electronic equipment such as weapon protection control systems, navigation, communication, computers and the like. Therefore, it is particularly important for measurement of strong electromagnetic pulses. The strong electromagnetic pulse has the characteristics of fast rising edge, high peak field intensity and short duration, and the sensor is required to have a larger measuring range and quicker response time for the measurement of the high-voltage pulse electric field. In addition, as electromagnetic signals in space become more complex, electromagnetic compatibility issues will arise, and thus monitoring of the electromagnetic environment becomes more important. Unlike the wide range required for sensing of strong electromagnetic pulses, electric field sensors are required to achieve high sensitivity and large bandwidth for the measurement of complex electric fields.
Therefore, in the electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic protection design of the communication system, accurate and rapid electric field information measurement plays a crucial role. The traditional electric field sensor takes an antenna as a receiving end, and the detected electric field signal is input into receiving equipment such as an ADC, a receiver, a spectrometer and the like for detection through a radio frequency transmission line, so that electric field information is obtained. However, due to the problems of narrow frequency band, large volume, strong interference and the like of the antenna, and factors such as loss caused by a feeder line and a radio frequency transmission line, surrounding electromagnetic environment disturbance and the like in the long-distance transmission process, the measurement mode has the defects of low frequency flatness, large measurement result (amplitude and phase) error and the like.
The development of an optical electric field sensor based on the pockels effect provides a brand new idea for electric field measurement. The optical electric field sensor uses nonmetallic medium material as sensing material, modulates electric field signal to light by electro-optic effect, and then transmits the modulated electric field signal to the rear-end photoelectric detector by using optical fiber for demodulation, thus completing electric field measurement. Because the measuring receiving end does not exist or only has a small amount of metal structures, the disturbance of the probe to the field to be measured in the test process is small, and the measurement precision is greatly improved; in addition, long-distance and low-loss sensing can be realized by adopting the optical fiber, electric isolation can be realized between the field to be detected and the rear-end detection equipment, and ultra-high field strength electromagnetic field measurement can be realized.
In practical applications, the frequency response bandwidth of the optical sensor used to measure the electric field is generally relatively narrow, and it is necessary to couple several antennas to the sensor for broadband response, multi-frequency response, strong response, and the like. In addition, the measured parameters are mostly concentrated on the amplitude of the electric field, namely, the measurement of the electric field intensity, and there is a blank for the work of the phase, frequency and full-band electric field monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems faced by electromagnetic field measurement, the invention provides a photoelectric field sensing receiving system and a method for resisting strong electromagnetic interference, which are used for measuring information such as amplitude, phase, pulse width and the like of a strong electromagnetic signal in an ultra-wide frequency band.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an anti-strong electromagnetic interference optical field sensing receiving system, which includes an optical carrier generating module, an optical local oscillator generating module, an optical field sensor, an optical processing module, a coherent down-conversion module, a digital processing and channel compensating module, a pilot signal generating module, a radio frequency channel control module and an overall control module.
Preferably, the optical carrier generating module is connected with the optical field sensor module, the pilot signal generating module is connected with the radio frequency channel control module, the optical local oscillation generating module, the optical field sensor and the radio frequency channel control module are connected with the optical processing module, the coherent down-conversion module and the digital processing and channel compensation module are sequentially connected, and the overall control module is respectively connected with the pilot signal generating module, the radio frequency channel control module, the optical carrier generating module, the optical field sensor, the optical processing module and the optical local oscillation generating module.
Preferably, the optical carrier generating module is configured to generate an optical carrier capable of carrying an electric field signal to be measured, where the optical carrier is input to the optical field sensor and is subjected to electro-optic modulation to output an optical signal containing the electric field information to be measured; the photoelectric field sensor is used for sensing an electric field signal to be detected, modulating an optical carrier signal by the electric field to be detected by utilizing an electro-optic effect, and outputting an optical signal containing electric field modulation information.
Preferably, the optical local oscillator generating module is configured to generate a tunable optical local oscillator, so as to implement coherent down-conversion of an optical carrier signal.
Preferably, the optical processing module is configured to process the optical carrier signal and the optical local oscillator, including amplifying, filtering, and reducing noise, so as to improve signal quality of the optical carrier signal and the optical local oscillator before coherent down-conversion; the coherent down-conversion module is used for performing beat frequency on the optical-loaded electric field signal to be detected and the corresponding optical local oscillator, and down-converting the optical-loaded electric field signal to an intermediate frequency or baseband analog signal; the digital processing and channel compensation module is used for converting the down-converted intermediate frequency or baseband analog signals into digital signals, and carrying out channel compensation according to the response characteristics of the sensor so as to realize analysis of the electric field signals to be detected.
Preferably, the pilot signal generating module is configured to generate a known pilot signal tunable in a wideband frequency range, and compare the known pilot signal with a pilot measurement signal after passing through the optical field sensing receiving system to obtain a transfer function of the optical field sensing receiving system, so as to determine a response characteristic of the optical field sensor; the radio frequency channel control module is used for switching the measurement channel and controlling the switching between the electric field input channel to be detected and the pilot frequency input channel.
Preferably, the overall control module is used for regulating and controlling the optical local oscillation frequency and the parameters of the photoelectric field sensor, switching the working mode and monitoring the working state of the photoelectric field sensing receiving system in real time.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for using the anti-strong electromagnetic interference optical field sensing receiving system according to the first aspect, where the optical carrier generating module outputs an optical carrier to the optical field sensor, and the optical field sensor modulates an optical signal under the action of an external electric field, and the intensity of the modulated light is:
I out ＝βI in [1+cos(αE)]
wherein I is in For the incident light intensity, E is the electric field intensity to be measured, alpha is the sensor modulation factor, and beta is the optical path transfer function.
Further, the output signal power of the optical processing module is:
P coherent ＝2r 2 I LO I out,sensor R L
wherein r is the conversion coefficient of the photoelectric detector in the light processing module, I out,sensor 、I LO Average power of signal light and local oscillation light respectively, R L Is the load resistance.
Compared with the traditional electric field sensing method, the invention provides a photoelectric field sensing receiving system based on coherent detection, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The amplitude and the phase of the electric field can be measured simultaneously;
(2) Including channel estimation and compensation can eliminate unevenness caused by channel response and temperature variation.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system for receiving electromagnetic field sensor signals with strong electromagnetic interference resistance according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a photoelectric field sensing receiving system based on homologous homodyne coherent photon frequency conversion designed according to the photoelectric field sensing receiving system capable of resisting strong electromagnetic interference.
Detailed Description
The description of the embodiments of this specification should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a complete description of the embodiments. In the drawings, the shape or thickness of the embodiments may be enlarged and indicated simply or conveniently. Furthermore, portions of the structures in the drawings will be described in terms of separate descriptions, and it should be noted that elements not shown or described in the drawings are in a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Any references to directions and orientations in the description of the embodiments herein are for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. The following description of the preferred embodiments will refer to combinations of features, which may be present alone or in combination, and the invention is not particularly limited to the preferred embodiments. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a strong electromagnetic interference resistant optical-electric field sensing receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes an optical carrier generating module, an optical local oscillator generating module, an optical field sensor, an optical processing module, a coherent down-conversion module, a digital processing and channel compensation module, a pilot signal generating module, a radio frequency channel control module, and an overall control module.
The optical carrier generating module is used for generating an optical carrier capable of bearing an electric field signal to be detected, inputting the optical carrier into the photoelectric field sensor, and outputting signal light containing the electric field information to be detected after electro-optical modulation.
The optical local oscillator generating module is used for generating a large-range tunable optical local oscillator and performing coherent down-conversion on an optical carrier signal.
The photoelectric field sensor has the main functions of sensing a signal to be detected, modulating an optical carrier signal by an electric field to be detected by utilizing an electro-optical effect, and outputting an optical signal containing electric field modulation information.
The optical processing module is used for respectively amplifying, filtering, reducing noise and the like on the optical carrier signal and the optical local oscillator so as to ensure that the signal quality of the optical signal and the optical local oscillator reaches the optimum before the coherent down-conversion (for example, the influence of the mirror images, the spurious and the like of the optical signal and the optical local oscillator is reduced to the minimum while the frequency conversion gain is ensured).
The coherent down-conversion module has the function of performing beat frequency on the optical carrier electric field signal to be detected and the corresponding optical local oscillator, and down-converting the optical carrier electric field signal to an intermediate frequency or baseband analog signal.
The digital processing and channel compensation module is used for converting the down-converted intermediate frequency or baseband analog signals into digital signals, carrying out channel compensation by combining the response characteristics of the sensor, completing the analysis of the signals to be detected and obtaining the information of accurate frequency, electric field intensity, phase and the like of the signals to be detected.
The pilot signal generating module is used for generating a known pilot signal which can be tuned in a broadband frequency range, and comparing the known pilot signal with a signal after passing through the measuring system to obtain a transfer function of the system, so that the response characteristic of the photoelectric field sensor is characterized.
The radio frequency channel control module is used for switching the measurement channel and mainly controlling the switching between the electric field input channel to be detected and the pilot frequency input channel. Before the measurement system is started or in the measurement process, the channel response parameters are timely calibrated according to the needs, and the response flatness of the system in the full frequency band is ensured so as to obtain the real characteristics of the electric field to be measured as much as possible.
The overall control module has the main functions of regulating and controlling the optical local oscillation frequency and the parameters of the photoelectric field sensor, switching the working modes, monitoring the working state of the measuring system in real time and the like.
The working principle of the photoelectric field sensing receiving system for resisting strong electromagnetic interference is as follows:
the optical carrier wave generating module outputs signal sensing light to enter the photoelectric field sensor, the photoelectric field sensor modulates laser under the action of an external electric field, and the intensity of the modulated light is as follows:
I out ＝βI in [1+cos(αE)]
wherein I is in For the incident light intensity, E is the electric field intensity to be measured, alpha is the sensor modulation factor, and beta is the optical path transfer function. It can be seen that the output signal of the photo-electric field sensor is in a linear relationship with the signal to be measured. In a traditional electric field measurement system, light modulated by a light sensing module is transmitted into a light detector through an optical fiber, photoelectric conversion is performed by the light detector, and an output electric signal is as follows:
i det ＝rI out,sensor ＝rβI in [1+cos(αE)]
wherein r is a photoelectric detector conversion coefficient, and the unit is A/W. At this time, the electric signal output by the photodetector has only intensity information, which reflects the electric field intensity of the signal to be measured, but does not reflect the information such as the phase and frequency of the signal to be measured.
The photoelectric field sensing receiving system for resisting strong electromagnetic interference can measure the electric field amplitude and the phase of a signal to be measured simultaneously by utilizing coherent detection, namely based on the coherent processing of the optical local oscillation generating module and the optical carrier signal, and performs coherent detection at the optical processing module, has a filtering function, can avoid using an optical filter with large bandwidth and high loss, and can improve the sensitivity and the frequency conversion gain of the system. The output signal power of the photoelectric detector in the coherent detection of the optical processing module is as follows:
P coherent ＝2r 2 I LO I out,sensor R L
wherein I is out,sensor And I LO Average power of signal light and local oscillation light respectively, R L Is the load resistance. The output signal is related to both the signal to be measured and the local oscillator signal. Since the amplitude and frequency of the local oscillation signal are known, the amplitude and phase of the electric field to be measured can be measured by detecting the signal and performing simple calculation.
In the channel response calibration stage, the radio frequency channel control module switches the measurement channel to an input port of the pilot signal generation module, and measures signals of the pilot signal after the modulation of the photoelectric field sensor and the coherent detection of the optical processing module. Since the pilot signal characteristics are known, the response function of the system can be calculated from the measurement results. And then the radio frequency channel control module switches the measurement channel to the input port of the signal to be measured, and combines the measurement result of the signal to be measured with the response function of the measurement system, so that the low-distortion performance parameter of the signal to be measured can be obtained.
Compared with the traditional electric field sensing method, the photoelectric field sensing receiving system based on coherent detection has the following beneficial effects: (1) the amplitude and phase of the electric field can be measured simultaneously; (2) Including channel estimation and compensation, unevenness due to channel response and temperature variation can be eliminated.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric field sensing receiving system based on homologous homodyne coherent photon frequency conversion, which is one embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment adopts a homologous homodyne coherent photon frequency conversion architecture, and can reduce the back-end digital processing pressure. The laser source is divided into two paths by the beam splitter, one path is used as an optical carrier wave to enter the photoelectric field sensor, and the other path is used as a seed light source generated by the optical local oscillator. After the optical carrier wave enters the photoelectric field sensor, the photoelectric field sensor modulates laser under the action of an external electric field to obtain signal light carrying information of the external electric field, and in the embodiment, the lithium niobate integrated photoelectric field sensor is adopted, and has the characteristics of high electro-optic coefficient and strong electric field signal resistance. The electric field receiving system based on the electric field sensor can be used for measuring the impulse response of a strong electric field with the pulse width of 1ns, can reproduce the amplitude and phase information of the measured signal, and meets the requirements of a nanosecond electromagnetic pulse detection system on the measuring accuracy, the linearity and the measurable electric field intensity range (generally several to tens kV/m).
The optical local oscillation seed light enters the MZM modulator and generates an optical local oscillation signal with randomly tunable frequency after being modulated by a tunable radio frequency source. The signal light and the optical local oscillator are respectively processed by optical amplification, optical filtering and the like, enter the balance photoelectric detector through the 90-degree optical coupler to complete homodyne photon frequency conversion, output signals of an I path and a Q path, and output low-distortion electric field signal measurement results through digital signal processing, IQ mismatch compensation, channel response compensation and the like.
In the channel response calibration stage, the radio frequency channel control module switches the measurement channel to an input port of the pilot signal generation module, and measures signals of the pilot signal after the modulation of the photoelectric field sensor and the coherent detection of the optical processing module. Since the pilot signal characteristics are known, the response function of the system can be calculated from the measurement results. And then the radio frequency channel control module switches the measurement channel to the input port of the signal to be measured, and combines the measurement result of the signal to be measured with the response function of the measurement system, so that the low-distortion performance parameter of the signal to be measured can be obtained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The photoelectric field sensing receiving system for resisting strong electromagnetic interference is characterized by comprising an optical carrier wave generating module, an optical local oscillator generating module, a photoelectric field sensor, an optical processing module, a coherent down-conversion module, a digital processing and channel compensation module, a pilot signal generating module, a radio frequency channel control module and an overall control module.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical carrier generating module is connected to the optical field sensor module, the pilot signal generating module is connected to the radio frequency channel control module, the optical local oscillator generating module, the optical field sensor and the radio frequency channel control module are connected to the optical processing module, the coherent down-conversion module and the digital processing and channel compensation module are sequentially connected, and the overall control module is connected to the pilot signal generating module, the radio frequency channel control module, the optical carrier generating module, the optical field sensor, the optical processing module and the optical local oscillator generating module, respectively.
3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical carrier generating module is configured to generate an optical carrier capable of carrying the electric field signal to be measured, and the optical carrier is input to the optical field sensor and is subjected to electro-optical modulation to output an optical signal containing the electric field information to be measured;
the photoelectric field sensor is used for sensing an electric field signal to be detected, modulating an optical carrier signal by the electric field to be detected by utilizing an electro-optic effect, and outputting an optical signal containing electric field modulation information.
4. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical local oscillator generating module is configured to generate a tunable optical local oscillator to implement coherent down-conversion of an optical carrier signal.
5. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical processing module is configured to process the optical carrier signal and the optical local oscillator, including amplifying, filtering, and noise reduction, so as to improve signal quality of the optical carrier signal and the optical local oscillator before coherent down-conversion;
the coherent down-conversion module is used for performing beat frequency on the optical-loaded electric field signal to be detected and the corresponding optical local oscillator, and down-converting the optical-loaded electric field signal to an intermediate frequency or baseband analog signal;
the digital processing and channel compensation module is used for converting the down-converted intermediate frequency or baseband analog signals into digital signals, and carrying out channel compensation according to the response characteristics of the sensor so as to realize analysis of the electric field signals to be detected.
6. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pilot signal generating module is configured to generate a known pilot signal tunable in a wideband frequency range, and compare the known pilot signal with a pilot measurement signal after passing through the system to obtain a transfer function of the system, so as to determine a response characteristic of the optical field sensor;
the radio frequency channel control module is used for switching the measurement channel and controlling the switching between the electric field input channel to be detected and the pilot frequency input channel.
7. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the overall control module is configured to regulate the optical local oscillation frequency and parameters of the optical field sensor, switch the working modes, and monitor the working state of the optical field sensing receiving system in real time.
8. A method of using the strong electromagnetic interference resistant optical-electrical field sensing receiving system as set forth in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the optical carrier generating module outputs an optical carrier to the optical-electrical field sensor, the optical-electrical field sensor modulates an optical signal under the action of an external electric field, and the intensity of the modulated light is:
I out ＝βI in [1+cos(αE)]
wherein I is in For the incident light intensity, E is the electric field intensity to be measured, alpha is the sensor modulation factor, and beta is the optical path transfer function.
9. The method for receiving a strong electromagnetic interference resistant optical field sensing device according to claim 8, wherein the output signal power of the optical processing module is:
P coherent ＝2r 2 I LO I out,sensor R L
wherein r is the conversion coefficient of the photoelectric detector in the light processing module, I out,sensor 、I LO Average power of signal light and local oscillation light respectively, R L Is the load resistance.
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