CN114843797A - Large-spacing array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement and design method - Google Patents
Large-spacing array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement and design method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of antennas. The mixed array distribution rule comprises two array distribution modes of ring grid arrangement and rectangular arrangement, wherein the position with half radius is used as a boundary, peripheral sub-arrays with radius larger than half radius form ring grid arrangement, and inner peripheral sub-arrays with radius smaller than half radius form rectangular arrangement. The invention can ensure that the large-space array realizes better grating lobe suppression effect while ensuring lower side lobes; the same subarray based on modularization can greatly simplify the design difficulty of the array, and the mixed arrangement mode can reduce the realization difficulty of the array structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement and a design method.
Background
The phased array antenna can rapidly realize the scanning of wave beams by independently controlling the amplitude and the phase of the radiation unit, and is well applied to the fields of radar, communication, measurement and control and the like. In order to ensure better radiation performance, the unit spacing of the phased array antenna is often smaller and is close to half wavelength, meanwhile, in order to realize higher gain, the caliber of the phased array antenna needs to be enlarged in proportion, the number of antenna units is inevitably increased by geometric multiples, the system cost is higher and higher, and the difficulty of heat dissipation and structural design is higher and higher. The solution is to reduce the number of unit channels by increasing the array element spacing, and two ways can be realized, namely uniformly increasing the array element spacing and non-uniformly increasing the array element spacing, such as sparse array arrangement. The former inevitably leads to grating lobes in the array scanning process, which causes the reduction of the array gain, and also causes interference in an unnecessary airspace, which affects the system work performance. The latter can lead to array bore utilization to reduce, and the degree of difficulty of the transition connection of the even subassembly of array face and the even interface of inhomogeneous arrangement is also great simultaneously, and the modularization degree is low, and engineering realization difficulties such as maintenance and structure are big, have restricted the development of this technique.
The uniform increase of the array element spacing is an effective method for reducing the number of array channels, and the key point is how to solve the problem of engineering implementation and effectively inhibit grating lobes. The scholars propose to effectively solve the problem of engineering implementation by adopting sub-array level non-periodic arraying, compared with unit level non-periodic arraying, the method takes a standard sub-array as a basic unit, an antenna and a rear-end assembly form a universal module, and modular design brings about that the method is applied to engineering, such as a GBR radar array.
Two common methods for sub-array level non-periodic array arrangement are: sub-array level staggered arrangement and sub-array level ring grid arrangement. The basic idea of the staggered arrangement of the subarrays in the level is to make the connection line of the phase centers of the uniformly arranged subarrays in each row and each column not be a straight line and be in a curve shape. The subarray-level dislocation arrangement method is adopted in the prior art of the invention patent application of China, such as a super-large-spacing array grating lobe-free large-angle scanning arrangement method (publication number CN113113784A), a subarray-level non-periodic array antenna and design method based on a mirror image module (publication number CN112952402A), a subarray-level large-unit-spacing phased array antenna (grant number CN106911010B), distributed array grating lobe suppression algorithm research based on an improved genetic algorithm in the fire control radar technology, and the like. The method carries out array comprehensive optimization on the dislocation space between the sub-arrays and the unit spacing in the sub-arrays by a multi-combination optimization algorithm, and can obtain better radiation performance through optimization. However, the method enables the distance between the sub-arrays to be a random optimization variable, firstly, the comprehensive optimization causes time consumption of design, the optimization needs to be carried out again after the aperture and the frequency band of the array are changed, and the requirements of rapid design and universality are not met; secondly, the method causes the structural design of the array to be very complicated, and the arrangement of liquid cooling heat dissipation pipelines, the installation of components and the like caused by the method are very complicated.
The basic idea of the sub-array level ring grid arrangement is to utilize the asymmetry of the ring array itself to suppress the grid lobes, and Jurui proposes to adopt a ring grid structure and a sub-array plug-in box structure to suppress the grid lobes in a novel limited scanning air-feed phase-controlled array antenna published by modern radar. The method is improved in the large-interval subarray level array grating lobe suppression based on concentric rings published in the journal of electric wave science, and better grating lobe suppression and engineering realizability can be obtained by adopting the modularized subarrays to be arranged in concentric circles on the array surface and combining an optimization algorithm. But this method is also highly dependent on algorithms and computational resources and when this method is applied to array designs with cell pitches greater than 2 wavelengths, the middle subarray pitch is large and the array exhibits dense layout around the middle sparseness, resulting in a drastic deterioration of the array's side lobe levels, especially the first side lobe level.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a large-spacing array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement and a design method thereof, so that the large-spacing array can realize better grating lobe suppression effect while ensuring lower side lobes, the design difficulty of the array can be greatly simplified, the realization difficulty of the array structure can be reduced by the mixed arrangement mode, and the large-spacing array antenna has the advantages of high grating lobe suppression, side lobe suppression, engineering realizability, design efficiency and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
the large-space array antenna based on the subarray-level mixed arrangement comprises antenna array surfaces, wherein the antenna array surfaces are formed by regularly and modularly arranging the same subarrays according to the mixed arrangement rule, and the antenna array surfaces are in axisymmetric and centrosymmetric distribution.
Furthermore, the mixed array arrangement rule comprises two array arrangement modes of ring grid arrangement and rectangular arrangement, and is provided with a boundary position, peripheral sub-arrays larger than the boundary position form ring grid arrangement, and inner peripheral sub-arrays smaller than the boundary position form rectangular arrangement.
Furthermore, a rectangular xoy coordinate system is established by using a geometric center, and the whole antenna array surface is divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant.
Furthermore, the number of the sub-arrays arranged in each circle in the ring grid arrangement is equal in four quadrants, and the sub-arrays in the four quadrants are axisymmetric and have central rotational symmetry.
Furthermore, the subarrays of each quadrant in the ring grid arrangement are uniformly distributed on a quarter of the corresponding ring of each quadrant, an included angle between a connecting line formed by the center of each subarray and the origin of coordinates is alpha, and the value of the alpha is 90N n ，N n Is the number of subarrays.
Furthermore, all the sub-arrays in the rectangular arrangement are symmetrical about an X axis, the sub-arrays on a positive half shaft of a Y axis are divided into M rows, and the number of the sub-arrays in each row is T i The subarrays of each row are symmetric about the Y axis.
Further, the modularized antenna units of the same subarray include any one of a horn antenna, a dielectric rod antenna, a microstrip antenna or an antenna unit composed of a vibrator subarray.
Furthermore, the modularized identical subarrays are formed by uniformly arranging 4 × 4 antenna units according to a rectangle, and the unit distance is larger than 2 wavelengths.
A design method of a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement comprises the following steps: radius r corresponding to the subarray center of each circle in each quadrant of the large-spacing array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement n And number of subarrays N n Respectively calculated by the following formula:
in the formula [ ·]Denotes rounding down, r 0 Represents half radius of the whole array surface, n represents the nth circle sub-array of the ring grid array, and the maximum value of n is
Δ d represents the distance between adjacent subarrays, Δ d ∈ (0, d) 0 ). L is the side length of the sub-array, L is 4 x d 0 ，d 0 Is the antenna element spacing.
A design method of a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement comprises the following steps: m and T of subarrays of large-pitch array antennas based on mixed arrangement of subarrays levels as described above i Respectively calculated by the following formula:
In the formula, i represents the ith row subarray of the positive half shaft of the Y axis in rectangular arrangement, and the maximum value of i is [ r 0 /(L+Δd)]。
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the invention has high design efficiency and high calculation speed. The hybrid array distribution of the array is carried out according to the same sub-array, complex and time-consuming array comprehensive optimization is not required by means of an optimization algorithm, dependence on higher computing resources is not required, re-optimization is not required after the array caliber, the array element spacing, the frequency and the like are changed, and the design efficiency is greatly improved.
(2) The invention has better engineering realizability. The modular design of the subarrays is single and unified in type, and the realization of engineering large-scale arrays is facilitated. Meanwhile, based on the combined arrangement mode of the ring grid and the rectangle, compared with sub-array level staggered arrangement, the antenna sub-array and TR component installation, liquid cooling pipeline arrangement, power supply time frequency and other cables are simpler to maintain.
(3) The invention can greatly reduce the array channel and keep higher gain and lower grating lobe and side lobe. The invention can be suitable for array design with large array element spacing larger than one wavelength or even two wavelengths, greatly reduces the number of array channels and ensures lower grating lobes and side lobes of the array.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an array modular subarray according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ring grid array of the present invention arranged in a first quadrant;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the grid-around array of the present invention arranged in all quadrants;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the array of the present invention arranged in a rectangular configuration on the positive half axis of the Y axis;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the array of the present invention arranged in all quadrants;
FIG. 6 is a general layout of an array of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a normal directional diagram of the array of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a 10 degree directional pattern scanned in the X-axis direction for the array of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a 10 degree directional pattern scanned in the Y-axis direction for the array of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a 20 degree directional pattern scanned in the X-axis direction for the array of FIG. 6;
FIG. 11 is a 20 degree directional pattern scanned in the Y-axis direction for the array of FIG. 6;
In the embodiment of the invention, the mixed array rule is a self-naming term.
Detailed Description
All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or all methods or process steps implicitly disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
See fig. 1. The modularized subarray of the array is a uniform array with 4 multiplied by 4 rectangular arrangement, and the unit interval is d 0 And 2 lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, and the side length of the sub-array is 8 lambda. The antenna unit can be selected from a horn antenna, a dielectric rod antenna, a microstrip or an antenna unit composed of a vibrator array, and a detailed unit design drawing is not given here.
See fig. 2. The radius of the array is chosen to be 45 lambda, then one half of its radius is r 0 22.5 lambda, taking the position of one half radius as a boundary, forming ring grid arrangement by peripheral sub-arrays with the radius larger than one half, wherein the number of the sub-arrays in each circle in four quadrants is equal, and the sub-arrays in the four quadrants are in axial symmetry and central rotation symmetry. Taking the first quadrant as an example, the radius r corresponding to the center of each circle of the subarray in each quadrant n And number of subarrays N n Are respectively determined by the following formula:
in the formula [ · ]Represents rounding down, Δ d represents the distance between adjacent subarrays, Δ d is 0.65 λ, and the maximum value of n is 3 by substituting the formula, then r 1 ＝r 0 +0.5×L+Δd＝27.15λ，r 2 ＝35.8λ，r 3 ＝44.45λ，N 1 ＝4，N 2 ＝6，N 3 7. And after the radius corresponding to the center of each circle of subarrays in the first quadrant and the number of the subarrays in each circle are obtained, uniformly distributing the subarrays in each circle on each circle. Setting the included angle between the connecting lines between the center of each subarray and the origin of coordinates as alpha n Then α is n Has a value of 90/N n To obtain alpha 1 ＝22.5°，α 2 ＝15°，α 3 12.85 deg.. Thereby obtaining the subarray distribution diagram with the ring grid arranged in the first quadrant as shown in fig. 2.
See fig. 3. The subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the first quadrant shown in fig. 2 is symmetrical along the Y axis or rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise around the center, so that the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the second quadrant can be obtained; rotating the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the first quadrant by 180 degrees anticlockwise around the center or symmetrically arranging the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the second quadrant along the X axis to obtain the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the third quadrant; the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the first quadrant shown in fig. 2 is symmetrical along the X axis or rotates counterclockwise by 270 degrees around the center, so that the subarray distribution in which the ring grid is arranged in the fourth quadrant can be obtained. Thus, a schematic diagram of the distribution of all sub-arrays in all quadrants in the array ring grid arrangement of the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 3 is obtained, and all sub-arrays are both centrosymmetric and axisymmetric.
See fig. 4. And the inner periphery subarrays with the radius less than one half form rectangular arrangement by taking the position with the radius of one half as a boundary. All the sub-arrays in the rectangular arrangement are symmetrical about an X axis, the sub-arrays on a positive half shaft of a Y axis can be divided into M rows, and the number of the sub-arrays in each row is T i The subarrays of each row are symmetric about the Y axis. M and T i Is determined by the following formula:
in the formula, i represents the ith row subarray of the positive half shaft of the Y axis in rectangular arrangement, and the maximum value of i is [ r 0 /(L+Δd)]R is to 0 When the formula is substituted with 22.5 λ, L ═ 8 λ, and Δ d ═ 0.65 λ, the maximum value of the value of i is 2, that is, M ═ 2, and it means that the number of sub-arrays in the rectangular arrangement is 2, and the number of sub-arrays in each row is T 1 ＝4,T 2 3. This results in a subarray distribution in the positive Y-axis half axis in a rectangular arrangement as shown in fig. 4.
See fig. 5. The subarray distribution at the Y-axis positive half axis in the rectangular arrangement shown in fig. 4 is symmetric along the X-axis, and the subarray distribution at the Y-axis negative half axis in the rectangular arrangement can be obtained. The distribution of the whole rectangular arrangement of the subarrays is shown in fig. 5.
See fig. 6. The overall array layout of the embodiment of the present invention is formed by arranging all the sub-array distributions in the array ring grid arrangement of the present invention shown in fig. 3 and the sub-array distribution in the rectangular arrangement shown in fig. 5. The total array is 82 sub-arrays, and all the sub-arrays are the same in modularization, wherein 68 sub-arrays are arranged in a surrounding grid mode, 14 sub-arrays are arranged in a rectangular mode, and the total array element number is 1312.
See FIGS. 7-11. Fig. 7 to 11 show the normal directional pattern of the array shown in fig. 6, a directional pattern scanned by 10 degrees in the X-axis direction, a directional pattern scanned by 10 degrees in the Y-axis direction, a directional pattern scanned by 20 degrees in the X-axis direction, and a directional pattern scanned by 20 degrees in the Y-axis direction, respectively. Statistics of array performance at different scan angles are shown in the table below.
TABLE 1 statistical table of array performance under different scanning angles
As can be seen from Table 1, the array is normal to the grating lobe-free array, the grating lobe suppression capability reaches-20 dB when the beam is scanned to 10 degrees, and the grating lobe suppression capability reaches-10 dB when the beam is scanned to 20 degrees, so that the grating lobe suppression capability is good. At the same time, all side lobes of the array in the array normal and beam scan directions are suppressed below-16 dB. The large-distance array designed by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has good grating lobe and side lobe performances.
Example 1
The large-space array antenna based on the subarray-level mixed arrangement comprises antenna array surfaces, wherein the antenna array surfaces are formed by regularly and modularly arranging the same subarrays according to the mixed arrangement rule, and the antenna array surfaces are in axisymmetric and centrosymmetric distribution.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the mixed array arrangement rule comprises two array arrangement modes of ring grid arrangement and rectangular arrangement, and is provided with a boundary position, wherein peripheral sub-arrays larger than the boundary position form ring grid arrangement, and inner peripheral sub-arrays smaller than the boundary position form rectangular arrangement.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, a rectangular xoy coordinate system is established by using a geometric center, and the whole antenna array is divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 3, the sub-arrays arranged in the ring grid are equal in number in four quadrants, and the sub-arrays in the four quadrants are axisymmetric and have rotational symmetry at the center.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 3, the subarrays of each quadrant in the ring grid arrangement are uniformly distributed on a quarter of the ring corresponding to each quadrant, an included angle between a connecting line formed by the center of each subarray and the origin of coordinates is alpha, and the value of the alpha is 90/N n ，N n Is the number of subarrays.
Example 6
On the basis of embodiment 3, all the sub-arrays in the rectangular arrangement are symmetrical about an X axis, the sub-arrays on a positive half shaft of a Y axis are divided into M rows, and the number of the sub-arrays in each row is T i The subarrays of each row are symmetric about the Y axis.
Example 7
On the basis of embodiment 1, the modularized antenna unit with the same subarray includes any one of a horn antenna, a dielectric rod antenna, a microstrip antenna or an antenna unit composed of a dipole array.
Example 8
On the basis of embodiment 1, the modularized identical subarrays are formed by uniformly arranging 4 × 4 antenna units in a rectangular manner, and the unit spacing is greater than 2 wavelengths.
Example 9
A design method of a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement comprises the following steps: radius r corresponding to the subarray center of each circle in each quadrant of the large-spacing array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement in embodiment 4 n And number of subarrays N n Respectively calculated by the following formula:
in the formula [ ·]Denotes rounding down, r 0 Represents half radius of the whole array surface, n represents the nth circle sub-array of the ring grid array, and the maximum value of n is
Δ d represents the distance between adjacent subarrays, Δ d ∈ (0, d) 0 ). L is the side length of the sub-array, L is 4 x d 0 ，d 0 Is the antenna element spacing.
Example 10
A design method of a large-space array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement comprises the following steps: m and T of subarrays of large-pitch array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement as described in example 6 i Respectively calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, i represents the ith row subarray of the positive half shaft of the Y axis in rectangular arrangement, and the maximum value of i is [ r 0 /(L+Δd)]。
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Other embodiments than the above examples may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure, or by adapting and using knowledge or techniques of the relevant art, and features of various embodiments may be interchanged or substituted and such modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The large-space array antenna based on the subarray-level mixed arrangement is characterized by comprising an antenna array surface, wherein the antenna array surface is formed by regularly and modularly arranging the same subarrays according to the mixed arrangement rule, and the antenna array surface is in axisymmetric and centrosymmetric distribution.
2. The large-pitch array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid layout according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid layout rule includes two layout manners of ring grid layout and rectangular layout, and has a boundary position, and the ring grid layout is formed by peripheral subarrays larger than the boundary position, and the rectangular layout is formed by inner peripheral subarrays smaller than the boundary position.
3. The large-spacing array antenna based on the sub-array level hybrid arrangement of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a rectangular xoy coordinate system is established with a geometric center, and the whole antenna array is divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant.
4. The large-spacing array antenna based on the mixed arrangement of the subarray level according to claim 3, wherein the number of the subarrays in each circle of the ring grid arrangement is equal in four quadrants, and the subarrays in the four quadrants are axially symmetric and rotationally symmetric in the center.
5. The large-spacing array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement of claim 3, wherein the subarrays in each quadrant in the ring grid arrangement are uniformly distributed on a quarter of a ring corresponding to each quadrant, an included angle between a line formed by the center of each subarray and the origin of coordinates is α, and a value of α is 90/N n ，N n Is the number of subarrays.
6. The large-pitch array antenna based on subarray-level hybrid arrangement of claim 3, wherein all the subarrays in the rectangular arrangement are symmetrical about an X-axis, the subarrays on a positive half axis of a Y-axis are divided into M rows, and the number of the subarrays in each row is T i The subarrays of each row are symmetric about the Y-axis.
7. The design method of the large-pitch array antenna based on the mixed arrangement of the subarray level as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modular antenna units of the same subarray include any one of a horn antenna, a dielectric rod antenna, a microstrip antenna or an antenna unit composed of a dipole array.
8. The method for designing a large-spacing array antenna based on mixed arrangement of subarrays stages according to claim 1, wherein the same modularized subarrays are formed by uniformly arranging 4 x 4 antenna units according to a rectangle, and the unit spacing is greater than 2 wavelengths.
9. A method for designing a large-spacing array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement is characterized by comprising the following steps: the sub-array level mixed array based large-pitch array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the radius r corresponds to the center of the sub-array of each turn in each quadrant of the sub-array level mixed array based large-pitch array antenna n Sum sub-arrayNumber N n Respectively calculated by the following formula:
in the formula [ ·]Denotes rounding down, r 0 Represents half radius of the whole array surface, n represents the nth circle sub-array of the ring grid array, and the maximum value of n is
Δ d represents the distance between adjacent subarrays, Δ d ∈ (0, d) 0 ). L is the side length of the sub-array, L is 4 x d 0 ，d 0 Is the antenna element spacing.
10. A method for designing a large-spacing array antenna based on sub-array level mixed arrangement is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method of claim 6 wherein M and T are selected from the group consisting of sub-arrays of sub-array level hybrid array based large-pitch array antennas i Respectively calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, i represents the ith row subarray of the positive half shaft of the Y axis in rectangular arrangement, and the maximum value of i is [ r 0 /(L+Δd)]。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116031664A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-28 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Transmit-receive common aperture phased array antenna array method for inhibiting grating lobes |
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