CN114843794A - Coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions - Google Patents
Coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN114843794A CN114843794A CN202210510538.1A CN202210510538A CN114843794A CN 114843794 A CN114843794 A CN 114843794A CN 202210510538 A CN202210510538 A CN 202210510538A CN 114843794 A CN114843794 A CN 114843794A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions, which is formed by arranging a plurality of super-surface units according to a certain code; the super-surface unit sequentially comprises a metal patch layer (1), a medium substrate (2) and a metal ground (3) from top to bottom. The metal patch layer (1) of the super-surface unit has an orthogonal structure along the x direction and the y direction, so that the reflection phases of x-polarized electromagnetic waves and y-polarized electromagnetic waves can be independently controlled, and the polarization conversion function is realized. The super-surface unit adopts 2-bit coding, the reflection phase difference of adjacent bit units is 90 degrees, and effective regulation and control of reflected waves are realized in the frequency range of 58.7-61.2 GHz. The super-surface array is designed based on the units, deflection of a reflection beam direction theta of 30 degrees and phi of 210 degrees is realized, and the axial ratio of a main lobe is less than 3dB in a frequency range of 56-61 GHz.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to a coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions.
Background
The metamaterial is an artificial composite material which is formed by orderly arranging sub-wavelength unit structures and has supernormal electromagnetic characteristics. The characteristics of the metamaterial depend on the artificially designed unit structure, and unique properties such as zero refractive index and negative refractive index which are not possessed by natural materials can be realized through the design of the unit. The super surface is used as a two-dimensional form of a metamaterial, can flexibly regulate and control the beam direction and the polarization mode of electromagnetic waves, and has the advantages of low profile and easiness in preparation, so that the application scene is wider.
The coded super-surface is a super-surface capable of performing complex modulation on electromagnetic waves through unit coding arrangement. Where the 360 phase is discretized and represented by a series of binary-coded cells. For example, under 1-bit encoding, the super-surface is composed of elements "0" and "1", with phase responses 180 degrees apart. According to the generalized Snell law, the coded super-surface can control the phase gradient through array coding, further control the deflection direction of a reflected or transmitted beam, and realize more complex functions such as RCS reduction, vortex beam, beam directional deflection and the like.
The polarization conversion super surface can realize the functions of cross polarization conversion or linear circular polarization conversion through the reasonable design of the super surface unit patch. In modern radar and communication systems, polarization conversion is receiving wide attention as an effective anti-interference technology and a method for realizing a circularly polarized antenna. Compared with other planned converters, the polarization conversion super-surface has the characteristics of simple structure and wide band, and has wide application prospect.
The implementation of integrated devices with multiple functions has been the direction of development of communication systems. However, most of the existing encoded super-surfaces and polarization conversion super-surfaces for realizing the beam deflection function have single functions, the super-surfaces with the beam deflection function cannot regulate and control the polarization of electromagnetic waves, and the traditional polarization conversion super-surfaces are composed of single units which are simply arranged and cannot control the direction of the electromagnetic waves. And each function needs to be realized through a whole block of super surface, and if the super surface is applied to the same system, the system is huge and complicated, and the loss and the cost are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coding super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions, so as to solve the technical problems of low integration level and poor practicability of the traditional super-surface in the two functions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coded super surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions is characterized in that the super surface is formed by arranging a plurality of 2-bit coded super surface units of '00', '01', '10' and '11'; the super-surface unit sequentially comprises a metal patch layer, a medium substrate and a metal ground from top to bottom; the metal patch layer adopts an orthogonal structure.
Furthermore, the orthogonal structure adopted by the super-surface unit metal patch layer is formed by combining two groups of rectangular and arc-shaped copper sheets which are respectively arranged along the x direction and the y direction and are perpendicular to each other to form a cross-shaped structure; each group of patches comprises a rectangular copper sheet and two identical arc-shaped copper sheets.
Furthermore, in each group of patches of the super-surface unit, the long edge of the rectangular copper sheet is parallel to the x or y direction, and the center of the rectangular copper sheet is superposed with the center of the super-surface unit. The two arc-shaped copper sheets are cut from a circle with the length of the rectangular copper sheet as the diameter and are symmetrical about the center of the rectangular copper sheet, and the middle points of the two arc-shaped copper sheets are combined with the tail ends of the long sides of the rectangular copper sheet.
Further, the super-surface unit adopts 2-bit coding, and has four types, and the two types are respectively represented as "00", "01", "10" and "11" by binary coding, and the reflection phases represented by the units are respectively: 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °; the difference between the four units is the length of two rectangular patches and the angle of the central angle of the four arc patches in the metal patch layer.
Furthermore, the invention encodes the super-surface unit according to the generalized Snell law, and makes a phase gradient, thereby controlling the directional deflection of the electromagnetic wave.
Furthermore, the material of the super-surface unit dielectric substrate is FR4, the relative dielectric constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.025.
Further, the super-surface unit is a square copper sheet which completely covers the bottom of the medium substrate.
The coding super-surface with the polarization conversion and beam deflection functions has the following advantages:
1. the super-surface unit metal patch layer designed by the invention is formed by combining two groups of rectangular and arc copper sheets which are respectively arranged along the x direction and the y direction and are vertical to each other, so that a cross-shaped orthogonal structure is formed, the reflection phases of x-polarized and y-polarized electromagnetic waves can be independently regulated, and the regulation and control of the electromagnetic waves are very flexible.
2. The 2-bit super-surface unit designed by the invention can form a coding array to modulate the reflection direction and form of the reflected wave, and simultaneously integrates the polarization conversion function, so that the incident linear polarized wave can be directly converted into the circularly polarized wave radiated to the appointed direction, and the modulation process of the circularly polarized wave is simplified.
3. The invention also has the characteristics of wide frequency band, low complexity, easy processing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encoded super-surface structure with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a top view of a super-surface unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a side view of a super surface unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 4-type super-surface unit patch structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a simulation curve of the phase-frequency response of the x-polarized reflected wave obtained when the x-polarized wave is incident;
FIG. 4(b) is a simulation curve of the phase-frequency response of the y-polarized reflected wave obtained when the y-polarized wave is incident;
FIG. 5 is a super surface array code sequence of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of a metasurface of an embodiment of the invention at 57GHz when excited by 45-degree polarized electromagnetic waves;
FIG. 7 is a cut plane of the far field pattern at 57GHz from the super-surface of the embodiment of the invention at 210 deg.;
FIG. 8 is an axial ratio of a 210 ° section at 57GHz from the super-surface of an embodiment of the present invention;
the notation in the figure is: 1. a metal patch layer; 2. a dielectric substrate; 3. a metal ground; 11. a metal patch layer of unit "00"; 12. a metal patch layer of unit "01"; 13. a metal patch layer of cell "10"; 14. the metal patch layer of cell "11".
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the present invention, a coded super-surface with polarization transformation and beam deflection functions will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a coding super surface with polarization conversion and wave beam deflection functions, and firstly designs a 2-bit coding super surface unit capable of converting incident linear polarization waves into circular polarization waves. The super-surface unit patch has structures along the x direction and the y direction respectively, and parameters of the unit patches in the two directions can be independently adjusted, so that the independent control of the reflection phases of the x-polarized electromagnetic waves and the y-polarized electromagnetic waves is realized. The independence of the phase adjustment in the x and y directions facilitates the implementation of the polarization switching function. To realize 2-bit unit encoding, parameters are adjusted to make the reflection phase difference of adjacent bit units 90 degrees, so the reflection phases represented by the units "00", "01", "10" and "11" are respectively: 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. In the embodiment of the invention, the super surface is formed by arranging 20 multiplied by 20 super surface units according to a certain code, the units are coded according to a generalized Snell law, a phase gradient is manufactured, and the deflection of a reflection beam direction theta to 30 degrees and phi to 210 degrees is realized. Meanwhile, the axial ratio of the reflection main lobe is less than 3dB in the frequency range of 56-61 GHz.
As shown in fig. 1, the coded super-surface with polarization transformation and beam deflection functions of the present invention is composed of 20 × 20 super-surface units according to a certain coding arrangement, which includes 4 different super-surface units. The overall size is 25mm × 25 mm.
As shown in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the super-surface unit includes, in order from top to bottom, a metal patch layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2, and a metal ground 3. The metal patch layer 1 is formed by combining two groups of rectangular and arc-shaped copper sheets which are respectively arranged along the x direction and the y direction and are vertical to each other to form a cross-shaped structure; each group of patches comprises a rectangular copper sheet and two identical arc-shaped copper sheets, wherein the long sides of the rectangular copper sheets are respectively parallel to the x direction or the y direction, and the centers of the rectangular copper sheets are superposed with the center of the super-surface unit; the two arc-shaped copper sheets are cut from a circle with the length of the rectangular copper sheet as the diameter and are symmetrical about the center of the rectangular copper sheet, and the middle points of the two arc-shaped copper sheets are combined with the tail ends of the long sides of the rectangular copper sheet.
Let the side length of the super-surface unit be a, the height of the dielectric substrate 2 be h, and the length of the rectangular copper sheet in the metal patch layer 1 along the x direction be l x The length of the rectangular copper sheet along the y direction is l y And half of the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped copper sheet in the x direction is t x External diameter of 1.1l x The half of the central angle corresponding to the arc copper sheet in the y direction is t y External diameter of 1.1l y And the widths of the rectangular copper sheet and the arc copper sheet are both w. In this embodiment, the fixed parameter a is 1.25mm, h is 0.2mm, w is 0.1mm, and the thicknesses of the metal patch layer 1 and the metal ground 3 are both 0.028 mm.
The super-surface unit metal patch layer 1 is formed by combining two groups of rectangular and arc-shaped copper sheets which are respectively arranged along the x direction and the y direction and are perpendicular to each other to form a cross-shaped orthogonal structure, so that the unit x polarization and y polarization reflection phases have independence. Regulating parameter l x 、t x The reflection phase of the x-polarized electromagnetic wave can be changed, and the y-polarized reflection phase is hardly influenced; regulating parameter l y 、t y The reflection phase of the y-polarized electromagnetic wave can be changed, and the x-polarized reflection phase is hardly influenced. When 45-degree polarization of electromagnetic waves enters along the-z direction, an incident electric field is decomposed into two components with equal amplitude phases of x polarization and y polarization, and parameters are adjusted to enable the phases of x polarization reflected waves and y polarization reflected waves to be different by 90 degrees, so that linear circular polarization conversion can be achieved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 2-bit coded 4-type super-surface unit patch structure of the present invention, which is a metal patch layer 11 of the unit "00", a metal patch layer 12 of the unit "01", a metal patch layer 13 of the unit "10", and a metal patch of the unit "11" respectivelyAnd (c) a layer 14. The 4 types of super-surface units are respectively represented by binary codes of '00', '01', '10' and '11', and the reflection phases are represented by the following sequences: 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °. The size of the metal pattern on the upper layer of the 4 super-surface units is changed and represented by the length l of two sides of the cross in figure 2 x 、l y And peripheral arc angle t x 、t y The above. The specific parameter values of each unit are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
FIG. 4 is a simulation plot of the reflection phase of the super-surface unit of the present invention as a function of frequency. Fig. 4(a) shows the phase-frequency response of the x-polarized reflected wave obtained when the x-polarized wave is incident, and the reflection phases of the cells "00" to "11" at 60GHz are-472.9 °, -379.9 °, -292.9 °, and-199.7 °, respectively. FIG. 4(b) shows the phase-frequency response of the y-polarized reflected wave when the y-polarized wave is incident, and the reflection phases of the cells "00" to "11" at 60GHz are-380.5 deg., -289.6 deg., -200.3 deg. and-110.8 deg., respectively. The reflection phase difference of x polarization and y polarization of adjacent bit super-surface units is basically kept at 90 degrees at 60GHz, and is kept between 60 degrees and 120 degrees within the frequency range of 58.7-61.2 GHz, so that the phase difference requirement of 2-bit unit coding is met. Meanwhile, the reflection phase difference between the x polarization and the y polarization of each unit is kept at about 90 degrees around 60GHz, so that the linear polarization wave with 45-degree polarization can be converted into a left-hand circularly polarized wave.
FIG. 5 is a super surface array code sequence of an embodiment of the invention. A 20 × 20 rectangular array is designed by using 2-bit coded super-surface units, and the reflected beam is predicted to be deflected in the direction of θ equal to 30 ° and Φ equal to 210 °. Calculating the phase gradient of the array according to the generalized Snell law as
Wherein λ 0 Is the free space wavelength at 60 GHz. Setting the central phase of the array as 0 degree, determining the phase response of each unit according to the phase gradient, discretizing the continuous phase, and reducing to 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees to obtain the array code.
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern of a metasurface of an embodiment of the invention at 57GHz when excited by a 45-polarized electromagnetic wave. The 45-degree polarized electromagnetic wave is incident along the-z direction, the reflected wave beam is a single wave beam, the azimuth angle phi is 210 degrees, and the design is consistent.
Fig. 7 is a cut plane of the far-field pattern at 57GHz of the super-surface of the embodiment of the present invention at phi of 210 °, and it can be seen that the main lobe deflection angle theta is 31 °, which is substantially consistent with the theoretical value.
Fig. 8 shows the axial ratio of the 210 ° tangent plane at 57GHz of the super-surface in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the axial ratio of the main lobe is less than 3dB, which meets the design requirement. The axial ratios of the main lobes at 56,57,58,59,60 and 61GHz are respectively 0.93dB,1.27dB,1.62dB,2.11dB,2.18dB and 1.94dB, and are all less than 3 dB.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments and that various changes in form and details may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A coded super surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions is characterized in that the super surface is formed by arranging a plurality of 2-bit coded super surface units of '00', '01', '10' and '11'; the super-surface unit sequentially comprises a metal patch layer (1), a dielectric substrate (2) and a metal ground (3) from top to bottom; the metal patch layer (1) adopts an orthogonal structure.
2. The coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions according to claim 1, wherein the orthogonal structure adopted by the super-surface unit metal patch layer (1) is formed by combining two groups of rectangular and arc-shaped copper sheets which are respectively arranged along x and y directions and are perpendicular to each other to form a cross-shaped structure;
each group of patches comprises a rectangular copper sheet and two identical arc-shaped copper sheets.
3. The coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions of claim 2, wherein in each group of patches, the long side of a rectangular copper sheet is parallel to the x or y direction respectively, and the center of the rectangular copper sheet is coincident with the center of a super-surface unit; the two arc-shaped copper sheets are cut from a circle with the length of the rectangular copper sheet as the diameter and are symmetrical about the center of the rectangular copper sheet, and the middle points of the two arc-shaped copper sheets are combined with the tail ends of the long sides of the rectangular copper sheet.
4. The encoded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions of claim 1, wherein the super-surface units "00", "01", "10" and "11" represent reflection phases of: 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °; the four units are different in the length of two rectangular patches and the angle of a central angle of a circle subtended by four arc patches in the metal patch layer (1).
5. The coded metasurface having polarization conversion and beam deflection functions according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (2) is made of FR4, the relative dielectric constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.025.
6. The coded super-surface with polarization conversion and beam deflection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal ground (3) is a square copper sheet that completely covers the bottom of the dielectric substrate (2).
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| CN115360527A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Single-bit multi-phase space-time two-dimensional random coding super-surface structure |
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| CN115360527A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Single-bit multi-phase space-time two-dimensional random coding super-surface structure |
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