CN114838343A - Stable combustion peak regulation system and stable combustion peak regulation method - Google Patents
Stable combustion peak regulation system and stable combustion peak regulation method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/008—Control systems for two or more steam generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
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Abstract
The invention provides a stable combustion peak regulation system and method based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction. The ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction is utilized to store/release heat, the heat storage density is high, the heat storage/release temperature is low, the temperature change is small, and the energy conversion efficiency is high. The invention provides a stable combustion peak regulation system, which comprises: the system comprises a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser, a generator, a heat storage device and a gas storage tank; the heat storage device comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, an electric heater for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module and a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the condensed water outlet of the condenser; the heat storage device is provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the ammonia inlet of the heat storage device is connected with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and the ammonia outlet of the heat storage device is connected with the inlet of the boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peak regulation of thermal power plants, in particular to a stable combustion peak regulation system and a stable combustion peak regulation method based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction.
Background
At present, the minimum load of a thermal power plant for stable operation is generally 50%. When the load is gradually reduced, firstly, the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the denitration device is too low, so that the denitration device cannot work, and the problem of substandard pollutant emission occurs; when the load is continuously reduced on the basis, the flow rate of the combustion products (coal powder, oil and the like) is further reduced, so that the mixing in the boiler is uneven, and the boiler cannot stably burn; if the load is also reduced, the local temperature in the boiler will eventually be too low resulting in a severe safety problem with flameout and black furnace.
Under the condition of ensuring the low-load stable combustion of the boiler, in order to respond to the dispatching of a power grid, a deep peak shaving system of electric heating is commonly used in a thermal power plant, and part of electric energy exceeding the requirement of the power grid is converted into heat energy to be stored. Specifically, part of electric energy is converted into sensible heat for energy storage through peak regulation systems such as an electric heating water energy storage system and an electric solid heat storage boiler, the power of a thermal power generating unit on the network can be effectively reduced, and deep peak regulation is realized.
However, most of these peak shaving systems adopt sensible heat energy storage materials, the heat storage density of sensible heat energy storage is generally low, the peak shaving systems occupy a large area, the storage/release reaction temperature of sensible heat storage is high, the temperature change is large, high requirements are provided for structures of the peak shaving systems such as heat preservation and insulation, the heat storage cost is high, in addition, energy is stored in a heat form only, and a large amount of heat is dissipated during storage, so that the whole energy waste of the peak shaving systems is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stable combustion peak regulation system and method based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction. The adsorption/desorption reaction of ammonia is utilized to store/release heat, the heat storage density is high, the heat storage/release temperature is low, the temperature change is small, and the energy conversion efficiency is high.
The invention provides a stable combustion peak regulation system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction and a stable combustion peak regulation method suitable for the stable combustion peak regulation system.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a stable combustion peak-shaving system comprising: the system comprises a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser, a generator, a heat storage device and a gas storage tank; the heat storage device comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, an electric heater for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module and a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the condensed water outlet of the condenser; the heat storage device is provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the ammonia inlet of the heat storage device is connected with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and the ammonia outlet of the heat storage device is connected with the inlet of the boiler.
According to the technical scheme, when the load of the thermal power plant is reduced by power grid scheduling, in order to ensure low-load stable combustion of the boiler, the electric energy generated in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant is larger than the electric energy required by the power grid, the electric heater is used for converting redundant electric energy into heat energy, and the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is heated to store energy to reduce the power of the power grid, so that the safety risk caused by too low load of the boiler is reduced.
The ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is mainly used for storing/releasing heat through adsorption and desorption reactions of ammonia, and specifically, when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module stores heat, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module performs desorption reaction to release ammonia gas; when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module releases heat, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is contacted with ammonia gas to carry out adsorption reaction, and a large amount of heat energy is released. Among them, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module is preferably an ammonia complex, for example, an ammonia complex formed by complexing ammonia with MnCl2/EG, MnCl2-CaCl2, SrCl2, SrBr2, and the like. Compared with a sensible heat energy storage material, the ammonia complex has higher heat storage density, and can effectively simplify the floor area of a peak regulation system; the reaction temperature of heat storage/release is low, the temperature change is small, excessive heat preservation and insulation structures are not needed, and the heat storage cost of the peak regulation system is reduced; the heat energy is converted into the chemical energy for storage, so that the heat energy is more stable, and the energy loss caused by the heat energy dissipated in the storage process is reduced.
In addition, the ammonia gas and heat generated in the storage/heat release reaction of the ammonia complex are simply and efficiently reused in the invention. Specifically, in the heat storage process of the ammonia complex, the ammonia complex is subjected to desorption reaction and releases ammonia gas, an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is connected with an inlet of a boiler, the ammonia gas is fed into the boiler under the low-load working condition to participate in combustion, and stable combustion of the boiler under the low-load working condition is realized; in the heat release process of the ammonia complex, the outlet of the gas storage tank is opened, ammonia gas is supplied to the heat storage device from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device, and the ammonia gas is contacted with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module to generate adsorption reaction and release a large amount of heat; and meanwhile, a condensate outlet of the condenser is opened to supply condensate to the first heat exchanger, and after the condensate exchanges heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, the produced hot water is sent to other devices for supplying heat. The heat storage device is beneficial to fully utilizing the energy and the substances stored by the heat storage device, and does not cause the waste of energy or resources.
As a preferred technical scheme, the power supply of the electric heater is from a generator outlet bus, a service power bus or a factory bus.
According to the technical scheme, the electric heater can convert surplus electric energy generated by the generator into heat energy, and the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is used for storing energy to reduce the power of the power grid.
As a preferred technical scheme, the electric heater is an electric heating sheet or an electric heating wire which is arranged around the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module or in the middle of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module.
According to the technical scheme, the electric heating sheets and the electric heating wires are small in size, can be conveniently arranged on the surface or in the ammonia complex in an inserting or embedding mode, and are in full contact with the ammonia complex for heat transfer, so that the energy loss in the heat transfer process is reduced.
The method for stabilizing and regulating the peak based on the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction provided by the first aspect of the invention is suitable for any one of the systems provided by the first aspect, and comprises the following steps,
a heat storage step, namely when the power load which needs to be output to an external power grid by the generator is reduced to be below a first specified value, the electric heater is electrified to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
and a heat release step, when the power load which needs to be output to an external power grid by the generator is increased to be more than a second preset value, the electric heater stops electrifying, ammonia gas is supplied to the heat storage device from the gas storage tank, and water is supplied to the first heat exchanger from the condenser.
As a preferred technical scheme, the combustion stabilizing and peak shaving method based on the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction further comprises an ammonia gas supply step, wherein in the ammonia gas supply step, an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is communicated with an inlet of a boiler, and the ammonia gas released by the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is supplied to an air inlet of the boiler.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for peak regulation based on ammonia adsorption/desorption further comprises a hot water supply step in which the outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the feed water inlet of the boiler, and the feed water heated in the first heat exchanger is supplied to the boiler.
The invention provides a stable combustion peak regulation system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction and a stable combustion peak regulation method suitable for the stable combustion peak regulation system.
The ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction-based stable combustion peak regulation system provided by the second aspect of the invention comprises a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser, a generator, a heat storage device and a gas storage tank.
The heat storage device comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, a second heat exchanger for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module and a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the condensed water outlet of the condenser; the heat storage device is provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module; the ammonia inlet is connected with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and the ammonia outlet is connected with the inlet of the boiler; the inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the steam extraction port of the steam turbine, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the condenser.
According to the technical scheme, when the load of the thermal power plant is reduced when power grid dispatching is needed, in order to ensure low-load stable combustion of the boiler, the output load of the boiler is larger than the power generation load required by the steam turbine for driving the generator to supply power to the power grid, the second heat exchanger is utilized for sending redundant steam output by the boiler into the heat storage device to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module absorbs heat and stores heat, the steam quantity output to the steam turbine by the boiler is reduced, namely the power load output to the power grid by the thermal power plant is reduced, peak regulation and energy storage are realized, and the safety risk caused by too low boiler load is avoided.
The ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is mainly used for storing/releasing heat through adsorption and desorption reactions of ammonia, and specifically, when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module stores heat, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module performs desorption reaction to release ammonia gas; when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module releases heat, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is contacted with ammonia gas to carry out adsorption reaction, and a large amount of heat energy is released. Among them, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module is preferably an ammonia complex, for example, an ammonia complex formed by complexing ammonia such as MnCl2/EG, MnCl2-CaCl2, SrCl2, SrBr2, and the like. Compared with a sensible heat energy storage material, the ammonia complex has higher heat storage density, and can effectively simplify the floor area of a peak regulation system; the reaction temperature of heat storage/release is low, the temperature change is small, excessive heat preservation and insulation structures are not needed, and the heat storage cost of the peak regulation system is reduced; the heat energy is converted into the chemical energy for storage, so that the heat energy is more stable, and the energy loss caused by the heat energy dissipated in the storage process is reduced.
In addition, the ammonia gas and heat generated in the storage/heat release reaction of the ammonia complex are simply and efficiently reused in the invention. Specifically, in the heat storage process of the ammonia complex, the ammonia complex is subjected to desorption reaction and releases ammonia gas, an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is connected with an air inlet of a boiler, the ammonia gas is fed into the boiler under the low-load working condition to participate in combustion, and stable combustion of the boiler under the low-load working condition is realized; in the heat release process of the ammonia complex, the outlet of the gas storage tank is opened, ammonia gas is supplied to the heat storage device from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device, and the ammonia gas is contacted with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module to generate adsorption reaction and release a large amount of heat; and meanwhile, a condensate outlet of the condenser is opened, condensate is supplied to the first heat exchanger, and after the condensate exchanges heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, the generated hot water is sent to other devices for supplying heat. The heat storage device is beneficial to fully utilizing the energy and substances stored by the heat storage device, and the waste of energy or substances is avoided.
The method for stabilizing and regulating the peak based on the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction provided by the second aspect of the invention is suitable for any one of the systems provided by the second aspect, and comprises the following steps,
a heat storage step, when the power load which needs to be output to an external power grid by the generator is reduced to be lower than a first specified value, part of steam of the steam turbine is led into the second heat exchanger to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
and a heat release step of stopping introduction of part of the steam turbine into the second heat exchanger when the power load required for the generator to output to the external power grid is increased to a second predetermined value or more, supplying ammonia gas from the gas tank to the heat storage device, and supplying feedwater from the condenser to the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, in the heat storage step, an outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of the condenser, and the steam after heat exchange by the second heat exchanger is introduced into the inlet of the condenser.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a steady combustion peak shaving system based on the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction in the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for stabilizing combustion and peak shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is another flow chart of a combustion stabilization peak-shaving method based on ammonia adsorption-desorption reaction energy storage in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic composition diagram of a stable combustion peak shaving system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for stabilizing combustion and peak shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a generator 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a heat storage device 5, an electric heater 6, an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, a condenser 8, a gas storage tank 9 and a second heat exchanger 10.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, fall within the scope of the present invention.
First embodiment
The present embodiment provides a combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction, and fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram of the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a generator 3, a heat storage device 5, a condenser 8 and an air storage tank 9.
Wherein, thermal power plant's power generation circulation is boiler 1, steam turbine 2, generator 3 and condenser 8, specifically speaking, continuously let in fuel (buggy etc.) in boiler 1 and burn, produce a large amount of heats of combustion, water in the cold water pipeline expands and forms high temperature steam after absorbing the heat in boiler 1, expanded high temperature steam leads to steam turbine 2 by boiler 1 through the steam conduit, high temperature steam impels steam turbine 2 to do work, generator 3 with the coaxial setting of steam turbine 2 turns into the electric energy with mechanical work and supplies power to the outside electric wire netting, low temperature steam after the work condenses for water entering boiler 1 once more via condenser 8, carry out next cycle.
The heat storage device 5 comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, an electric heater 6 for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, and a first heat exchanger 4 for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, wherein the heat storage device 5 is also provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5 is connected with the outlet of a gas storage tank 9, and the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5 is connected with the inlet of the boiler 1.
Specifically, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 is ammonia complex, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 stores/releases heat through desorption/adsorption reaction of the ammonia complex, when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 stores heat, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 performs desorption reaction to release ammonia gas, the ammonia gas is discharged from an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5 and enters the boiler 1 under the low-load working condition to participate in combustion, and stable combustion of the boiler 1 under the low-load working condition is realized; when the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 releases heat, the gas storage tank 9 introduces ammonia gas into the heat storage device 5 through the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, and the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 is contacted with the ammonia gas to carry out adsorption reaction and release a large amount of heat energy;
the electric heater 6 is disposed near the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7, and the electric heater 6 may be any power consuming element having an electric heating function, such as a heating resistor, and is not limited herein. The electric heater 6 can reduce the power of the thermal power plant on the grid by converting the electric power supplied by the thermal power plant into heat energy. Preferably, the electric heater 6 supplies power from an outlet bus of the generator 3, or a factory electric bus or a factory bus after the booster station, and further preferably, the electric heater 6 is an electric heating sheet or an electric heating wire arranged around the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, and the electric heating sheet and the electric heating wire have small volumes and can be conveniently arranged on the surface or inside the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 in an inserting or embedding manner, and are in full contact with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 to transfer heat, so that energy loss in the heat transfer process is reduced.
The first heat exchanger 4 is provided in the vicinity of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 and is capable of exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7. The first heat exchanger 4 has an inlet communicated with the condensed water outlet of the condenser 8 and a hot water outlet communicated with the outside, when the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 performs an exothermic reaction, the condenser 8 feeds the condensed water into the first heat exchanger 4 through the water feed inlet, and the condensed water exchanges heat with the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 to generate hot water which is discharged from the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4.
The gas storage tank 9 is connected with the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, the gas storage tank 9 can be any ammonia storage or ammonia production device, such as an ammonia gas storage tank or a urea storage tank, and a user can freely select the gas storage or ammonia production device according to actual needs without limitation. The granular urea is more convenient to store due to the trouble of ammonia storage, is a more preferable hydrolysis ammonia preparation raw material, and reacts with the urea to generate ammonia gas and carbon dioxide, so when the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is MnCl2-CaCl2, the CaCl2 is easy to react with the carbon dioxide to generate precipitates, and the urea is not suitable to be used as an ammonia supply material of the gas storage tank. The outlet of the gas storage tank 9 is a normally closed valve which can flow in one direction, so that the safety risks of deflagration and the like caused by high temperature or air backflow in the heat storage device 5 are reduced.
For example, when the thermal power plant receives a power system schedule and needs to reduce the power load output to the power grid, in order to ensure the low-load stable combustion of the boiler 1, the power generated in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant is greater than the power required by the power grid, and the surplus power generated by the generator 3 supplies power to the electric heater 6. The electric heater 6 is electrically heated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 continuously stores sensible heat energy when the temperature rises, the heat energy is stored in a chemical energy form when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module reaches the desorption reaction temperature, ammonia gas is released and enters the inlet of the boiler 1 from the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5, and the ammonia gas is sent into the combustor of the boiler 1 under the low-load working condition to participate in combustion, so that the peak regulation and stable combustion of a thermal power plant are realized.
When the power grid dispatching needs the thermal power plant to recover or increase the power load output to the power grid, the thermal power plant can reduce or stop supplying power to the electric heater 6 to increase the power load output to the power grid in a power generation cycle, when the electric heater 6 stops powering on, the outlet of the gas storage tank 9 and the condensed water outlet of the condenser 8 are opened, ammonia gas is introduced into the heat storage device 5 from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 after energy storage is reduced to the adsorption reaction temperature, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 adsorbs the ammonia gas and releases heat, meanwhile, the condenser 8 supplies water to the first heat exchanger 4, the condensed water enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the hot water after heat exchange can be led to other devices to supply heat, in some embodiments, the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected with the feed water inlet of the boiler 1, and the hot water is sent into the boiler 1 to generate a large amount of steam to participate in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant; in other embodiments, the hot water in the first heat exchanger 4 can be used for domestic heat after being discharged.
In this embodiment, when the power grid needs to reduce the load of the thermal power plant for scheduling, in order to ensure the low-load stable combustion of the boiler 1, the electric energy generated in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant is greater than the electric energy required by the power grid, the electric heater 6 is used to convert the redundant electric energy into heat energy, and the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 is heated to store the energy to reduce the power of the grid, thereby avoiding the reduction of the load and the influence on the service life of the boiler 1.
In addition, the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 mainly stores/releases heat through adsorption and desorption reactions of ammonia, and as shown in table 1, when MnCl2/EG is selected as the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7, the heat storage temperature is 174 ℃, the heat release temperature is 45 ℃, and the heat storage density is 1498 kJ/kg; when MnCl2-CaCl2 is selected as the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the heat storage temperature is 155 ℃, the heat release temperature is 125 ℃, and the heat storage density is 1836 kJ/kg; when SrCl2 is selected as the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the heat storage temperature is 87 ℃, the heat release temperature is 35 ℃, and the heat storage density is 1318 and 1607 kJ/kg; when SrBr2 is selected as the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the heat storage temperature is 80 ℃, the heat release temperature is 35 ℃, and the heat storage density is 1156 kJ/kg. The ammonia complex has high heat storage density, and can effectively reduce the floor area of a peak shaving system; the reaction temperature of heat storage/release is low, the temperature change is small, excessive heat preservation and insulation structures are not needed, the structure of the peak regulation system is further simplified, and the heat storage cost of the peak regulation system is reduced; by converting heat energy into chemical energy for storage, the heat storage device is more stable, and energy loss caused by heat energy dissipated in heat storage is reduced.
TABLE 1
In addition, the ammonia gas and heat generated in the storage/heat release reaction of the ammonia complex are simply and efficiently reused in the invention. The heat storage device 5 can fully utilize the energy and the substances generated during the heat storage/release, and the waste of energy or resources is avoided.
Continuously electrifying a part of electric quantity generated by the generator 3 through the electric heater 6 to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, when a thermal power plant is dispatched by a power grid and needs rapid frequency modulation, the electric heater 6 and the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 can also rapidly respond to a frequency modulation instruction, specifically, when the power grid is dispatched and needs rapid load reduction, the electric load of the electric heater 6 can be rapidly increased in a short time, and the generated thermal shock ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 can also be well digested and stored; when the power grid dispatching needs to rapidly increase the load, the electric heater 6 can rapidly decrease the load or even shut down to rapidly increase the power load output from the thermal power plant to the power grid, so that the power load of the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant can be maintained at a stable level, and the influence of frequent load increase/decrease on the service life of the boiler 1 is avoided.
Second embodiment
The present embodiment provides a combustion stabilizing and peak regulating method suitable for the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system in the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for fuel stabilization and peak shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for stabilizing combustion and regulating peak based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction energy storage comprises,
a heat storage step S1, when the power load which needs to be output to the external power grid by the generator is reduced to be below a first specified value, the electric heater is electrified to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
and a heat release step S2 in which the electric heater is stopped from being powered on when the power load required to be output from the generator to the external power grid increases to a second predetermined value or more, ammonia gas is supplied from the gas tank to the heat storage device, and feedwater is supplied from the condenser 8 to the first heat exchanger.
The "first predetermined value" and the "second predetermined value" may be freely selected according to the actual application, and are not limited herein. The "second predetermined value" is equal to or greater than the "first predetermined value", for example, the "first predetermined value" may be a minimum load at which the thermal power plant is normally stably operated, and when the total power load of the thermal power plant is lower than the minimum load, the total power load of the thermal power plant is not reduced, but the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module is heated by a part of the electric energy to continuously reduce the power load output from the thermal power plant to the external power grid; the "second predetermined value" may be a power load value higher than the minimum load, when the power load of the thermal power plant is equal to or higher than the minimum load, the power load output to the electric heater is reduced or stopped, and when the power supply to the electric heater is stopped, the gas storage tank is opened and ammonia gas is introduced to the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, and the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module releases heat and exchanges heat with the feedwater in the first heat exchanger to generate hot water.
Fig. 3 is another flow chart of a combustion stabilization peak-shaving method based on ammonia adsorption-desorption reaction energy storage in the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the method for stabilizing combustion and peak-shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction further includes:
and an ammonia gas supply step S3, wherein the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is communicated with the inlet of the boiler, and the ammonia gas released by the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is supplied to the air inlet of the boiler.
And a hot water supply step S4, in which the outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the feed water inlet of the boiler, and the feed water heated in the first heat exchanger is supplied to the boiler.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3, when the load reduction of the thermal power plant is required for grid scheduling, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant is continuously reduced to the first predetermined value, the heat accumulation step S1 is executed by the peak shaving system based on the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction stored energy, and the surplus electric energy generated by the generator 3 is supplied to the electric heater 6. The electric heater 6 is electrically heated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 continuously stores sensible heat energy when the temperature rises, the heat energy is stored in a chemical energy form when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module reaches the desorption reaction temperature, ammonia gas is released and is discharged out of the heat storage device 5 from an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5, an ammonia gas supply step S3 is executed, the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5 is communicated with an inlet of the boiler 1, the ammonia gas is sent into a combustor of the boiler 1 under a low-load working condition to participate in combustion, and peak regulation and stable combustion of a thermal power plant are realized.
When the power grid dispatching needs the load recovery or the load increase of the thermal power plant, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant continuously rises, at this time, the thermal power plant can reduce or stop supplying power to the electric heater 6 to increase the power load of the power generation cycle output to the power grid, when the power load rises to a second specified value, the heat release step S2 is executed, the electric heater 6 stops supplying power, the outlet of the gas storage tank 9 and the condensed water outlet of the condenser 8 are opened, ammonia gas is introduced into the heat storage device 5 from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 after energy storage is reduced to the adsorption reaction temperature, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 adsorbs the ammonia gas and releases heat, meanwhile, the condenser 8 supplies water to the first heat exchanger 4, the condensed water enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the hot water after heat exchange is discharged from the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4, and the hot water supply step S4 is performed, in which the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the feed water inlet of the boiler 1, and the hot water is fed into the boiler 1 to generate a large amount of steam, thereby participating in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant.
Third embodiment
The present embodiment provides a combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction, and fig. 4 is a schematic composition diagram of the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the combustion stabilizing and peak shaving system provided in the present embodiment includes a boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a generator 3, a heat storage device 5, a condenser 8, and an air storage tank 9.
Compared with the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system provided in the first embodiment, the heat storage device 5 of the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system provided in the present embodiment includes an ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7, a second heat exchanger 10 for heating the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7, and a first heat exchanger 4 for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7.
The second heat exchanger 10 is disposed in the vicinity of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 and is capable of heating the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7. Specifically, the inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected with the steam extraction port of the steam turbine 2, the outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected with the inlet of the condenser 8, when the power load output to the power grid by the generator 3 needs to be reduced, the steam output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1 is larger than the steam required by the power generation driven by the generator 3 by the steam turbine 2, the surplus steam enters the heat storage device 5 from the inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 with lower heating temperature heats, and the steam after heat exchange is discharged from the outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 and then enters the condenser 8 to be condensed to continue to participate in the power generation cycle.
For example, when the load of the thermal power plant is required to be reduced by power grid scheduling, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant is continuously reduced, the steam quantity required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power is also continuously reduced, the steam quantity output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1 is greater than the steam quantity required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power, at the moment, the steam extraction port of the steam turbine 2 is opened, the surplus steam enters the second heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, and the low-temperature steam after heat exchange is sent to the condenser 8 to be condensed and then continuously participates in the power generation cycle; the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 after heat exchange rises, sensible heat energy is continuously stored, when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 reaches the desorption reaction temperature, the heat energy is stored in the form of chemical energy, ammonia gas is released, the ammonia gas is discharged out of the heat storage device 5 from an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5, the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5 is communicated with an inlet of the boiler 1, the ammonia gas is sent into a combustor of the boiler 1 under a low-load working condition to participate in combustion, and peak regulation and stable combustion of a thermal power plant are realized.
When the power grid scheduling needs the thermal power plant to recover or increase the load, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant continuously increases, the steam amount required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power also continuously increases, the steam amount output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1 is smaller than the steam amount required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power, at this time, the steam turbine 2 can reduce or stop supplying steam to the second heat exchanger 10 to increase the steam amount output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1, when the steam turbine 2 stops supplying steam to the second heat exchanger 10, the outlet of the gas storage tank 9 and the condensate water outlet of the condenser 8 are opened, ammonia gas is introduced into the heat storage device 5 from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, and when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 after energy storage is reduced to the adsorption reaction temperature, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 adsorbs the ammonia gas and releases heat, meanwhile, the condenser 8 supplies water to the first heat exchanger 4, condensed water enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, hot water after heat exchange is discharged to other devices from a hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 to supply heat, or, in some preferred embodiments, the hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4 is communicated with a water supply inlet of the boiler 1, and the hot water is sent into the boiler 1 to participate in power generation circulation, so that full utilization of substances and energy is realized.
In the embodiment, when the load of the thermal power plant is reduced as required by power grid scheduling, in order to ensure low-load stable combustion of the boiler 1, the output load of the boiler 1 is greater than the power generation load required by the power generator 3 driven by the steam turbine 2 to supply power to the power grid, the second heat exchanger 10 is utilized to send the redundant steam output by the boiler 1 into the heat storage device 5 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 absorbs heat and stores heat, the steam quantity output from the boiler 1 to the steam turbine 2 is reduced, namely, the power load output from the thermal power plant to the power grid is reduced, peak regulation and energy storage are realized, the safety risk caused by too low load of the boiler 1 is avoided, the heat storage density of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction is high, the heat storage temperature is low, the occupied area and the heat storage cost of a peak regulation system are reduced, and the ammonia and the heat generated in the heat storage/release reaction of the ammonia complex are easily and efficiently reused The heat storage device 5 can fully utilize the energy and the substances generated during the heat storage/release, and no waste of energy or resources is caused.
In addition, a part of steam quantity continuously output from the boiler 1 to the steam turbine 2 is heated by the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 through the second heat exchanger 10 to store energy, when a thermal power plant is connected to a power grid for scheduling and needs rapid frequency modulation, the second heat exchanger 10 and the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 can also rapidly respond to a frequency modulation instruction, specifically, when the power grid for scheduling needs rapid load reduction, the steam quantity led to the second heat exchanger 10 can be rapidly increased in a short time, and the generated thermal shock ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 can also be well digested and stored; when the load needs to be raised quickly in the power grid dispatching, the steam amount to the second heat exchanger 10 can be reduced or even shut down to raise the power load of the thermal power plant output to the power grid quickly, so that the load of the boiler 1 can be maintained at a stable level, and the influence of frequent load raising/lowering on the service life of the boiler 1 is avoided.
Fourth embodiment
The present embodiment provides a combustion stabilizing and peak regulating method suitable for the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system in the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for fuel stabilization and peak shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for stabilizing combustion and peak regulation based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction energy storage includes:
a heat storage step S1, when the power load required to be output to the external power grid by the generator is reduced to be below a first specified value, part of steam of the steam turbine is led into the second heat exchanger to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
and a heat release step S2, when the power load required to be output by the generator to the external power grid is increased to a second predetermined value or more, the introduction of part of the steam turbine into the second heat exchanger is stopped, ammonia gas is supplied from the gas storage tank to the heat storage device, and water is supplied from the condenser to the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, in the heat storage step, an outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the condenser, and the steam at the outlet of the second heat exchanger is introduced into the condenser.
The "first predetermined value" and the "second predetermined value" may be freely selected according to the actual application, and are not limited herein. The "second predetermined value" is equal to or greater than the "first predetermined value", and for example, the "first predetermined value" may be a minimum load at which the thermal power plant is normally stably operated, and when the total power load of the thermal power plant is lower than the minimum load, the load of the boiler is not reduced, but a part of the steam supplied from the boiler to the steam turbine is introduced into the heat storage device to heat the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module, thereby continuously reducing the power load output from the thermal power plant to the external power grid; the "second predetermined value" may be an electric load value higher than the minimum load, and when the electric load of the thermal power plant is equal to or higher than the minimum load, the amount of steam output to the second heat exchanger is reduced or stopped, and when the supply of steam to the second heat exchanger is stopped, the gas storage tank is opened and ammonia gas is introduced to the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module, and the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module releases heat and exchanges heat with the feed water in the first heat exchanger to generate hot water.
In the present embodiment, when the grid dispatching requires the thermal power plant to reduce the load, as seen in fig. 4 and 5, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant is continuously reduced to a first specified value, the steam quantity required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power is also continuously reduced, the steam quantity output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1 is larger than the steam quantity required by the steam turbine 2 for pushing the generator 3 to generate power, at this time, the heat storage step S1 is performed, the steam extraction port of the steam turbine 2 is opened, the surplus steam enters the second heat exchanger 10, exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption desorption reaction module 7, discharging the low-temperature steam subjected to heat exchange out of the second heat exchanger 10, communicating the outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 with the inlet of the condenser 8, and introducing the low-temperature steam at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 into the condenser 8 for condensation and then continuing to participate in the power generation cycle of the thermal power plant; the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 after heat exchange rises, sensible heat energy is continuously stored, when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7 reaches the desorption reaction temperature, the heat energy is stored in the form of chemical energy, ammonia gas is released, the ammonia gas is discharged out of the heat storage device 5 from an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5, the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device 5 is communicated with an inlet of the boiler 1, and the ammonia gas is sent into a combustor of the boiler 1 under a low-load working condition to participate in combustion, so that peak regulation and stable combustion of a thermal power plant are realized.
When the power grid scheduling needs the thermal power plant to recover or increase the load, the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant continuously rises, the steam amount required by the steam turbine 2 to drive the generator 3 to generate power also continuously rises, the steam amount output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1 is smaller than the steam amount required by the steam turbine 2 to drive the generator 3 to generate power, at this time, the steam turbine 2 can reduce or stop supplying steam to the second heat exchanger 10 to increase the steam amount output to the steam turbine 2 by the boiler 1, when the total power load of the generator 3 of the thermal power plant continuously rises to a second specified value, the heat release step S2 is executed, the steam turbine 2 stops supplying steam to the second heat exchanger 10, the outlet of the gas storage tank 9 and the condensate water outlet of the condenser 8 are opened, ammonia gas is introduced into the heat storage device 5 from the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device 5, when the temperature of the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module 7 after energy storage is reduced to the adsorption reaction temperature, the heat storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module adsorbs ammonia gas and releases heat, meanwhile, the condenser 8 supplies water to the first heat exchanger 4, condensed water enters the first heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module 7, and hot water after heat exchange is discharged from a hot water outlet of the first heat exchanger 4.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like of the embodiments described in the present specification may be different. All equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the inventive concept are included in the scope of protection of the present patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. A stable combustion peak regulation system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction comprises a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser, a generator, a heat storage device and a gas storage tank, and is characterized in that,
the heat storage device comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, an electric heater for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module and a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
the inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the condensed water outlet of the condenser;
the heat storage device is provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
the ammonia gas inlet of the heat storage device is connected with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and the ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is connected with the inlet of the boiler.
2. The ammonia adsorption desorption reaction-based combustion stabilization and peak regulation system of claim 1, wherein the electric heater is powered by the generator outlet bus, a plant power bus or a factory bus.
3. The ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction-based stable combustion peak regulation system according to claim 1, wherein the electric heater is an electric heating sheet or an electric heating wire arranged around the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module or in the middle of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module.
4. The stable combustion peak-shaving system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction of claim 1, wherein the energy storage material of the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is ammonia complex.
5. A stable combustion peak regulation system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction comprises a boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser, a generator, a heat storage device and a gas storage tank, and is characterized in that,
the heat storage device comprises an ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, a second heat exchanger for heating the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module, and a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
the inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the condensed water outlet of the condenser;
the heat storage device is provided with an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet which are communicated with the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
the ammonia inlet is connected with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and the ammonia outlet is connected with the inlet of the boiler;
and the inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the steam extraction port of the steam turbine, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the condenser.
6. A combustion stabilizing and peak regulating method based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction is suitable for the combustion stabilizing and peak regulating system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps,
a heat storage step, wherein when the power load which needs to be output to an external power grid by the generator is reduced to be below a first specified value, the electric heater is electrified to heat the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module;
and a heat release step of stopping the power supply to the electric heater when a power load required to be output from the generator to an external power grid increases to a second predetermined value or more, supplying ammonia gas from the gas tank to the heat storage device, and supplying feedwater from the condenser to the first heat exchanger.
7. The method for stabilizing combustion and peak-shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction according to claim 6, further comprising an ammonia gas supply step,
in the ammonia gas supplying step, an ammonia gas outlet of the heat storage device is communicated with an inlet of the boiler, and the ammonia gas released by the ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction module is supplied to an air inlet of the boiler.
8. The method for stabilizing combustion and peak-shaving based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction according to claim 6, further comprising a hot water supply step,
in the hot water supply step, a hot water outlet of a first heat exchanger communicates with a feed water inlet of the boiler, and the feed water heated in the first heat exchanger is supplied to the boiler.
9. A stable combustion peak regulation method based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction is suitable for the stable combustion peak regulation system based on ammonia adsorption and desorption reaction of claim 5 and is characterized by comprising the following steps,
a heat storage step of introducing part of the steam turbine into the second heat exchanger to heat the ammonia adsorption/desorption reaction module when the power load required to be output from the generator to the external power grid is reduced to a first predetermined value or less;
and a heat release step of stopping introduction of part of the steam turbine into the second heat exchanger when a power load required to be output from the generator to an external power grid increases to a second predetermined value or more, supplying ammonia gas from the gas tank to the heat storage device, and supplying feedwater from the condenser to the first heat exchanger.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the heat storage step, an outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of the condenser, and the heat-exchanged steam of the second heat exchanger is introduced into the inlet of the condenser.
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