CN114836996A - 兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114836996A
CN114836996A CN202210629046.4A CN202210629046A CN114836996A CN 114836996 A CN114836996 A CN 114836996A CN 202210629046 A CN202210629046 A CN 202210629046A CN 114836996 A CN114836996 A CN 114836996A
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water
fiber
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劳丽红
李锡林
沈开方
郝振东
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Shaoxing Yueling Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：(1)坯布织造：织造具有单向导湿功能的多层织物，织物包括内层拒水纤维和外层亲水或导湿纤维；(2)选择性印花：将含防水助剂的浆料选择性涂覆在织物的外层形成防水涂层，预留有微孔或沟槽状的微型窗通道；形成防水涂层后烘干固化。本发明制备的面料具有单向导湿排汗和防水防污的双重功能，属于首创，突破了传统的单向导湿排汗的单一功能。

Description

兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织工艺技术领域，具体涉及兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法。
背景技术
单向导湿排汗面料，是指水分或汗液只能从织物内层(贴身层)流动到织物外层(非贴身层、扩散层、环境层)，并在外层挥发扩散，而不能从反方向流入——即外层的水分(或雨水)难以反渗到内层。
目前，制备单向导湿功能的面料，主要采用两种方式：1)组建润湿梯度：即内层织物疏水(拒水)、外层织物亲水，水分与亲水材料的结合力强于疏水材料，故迅速迁移到织物外表层并迅速挥发，这是在双层织物中实现单向导湿最常见的方法。具体可以通过在单层织物进行正反两面进行亲/疏水性整理，或组建具有内层为疏水材料、外层为亲水材料的的双层或多层织物来实现。2)形成差动毛细效应：以异形截面的吸湿排汗纤维为原料，通过织物内外层所用纤维的异性度和线密度差异等，可以编制单面填纱、法国螺纹和鱼眼结构织物；水分从低异形度到高异性度、低线密度到高线密度迁移。3)形成蒸腾效应：模拟植物的树枝状结构，形成由底层的多股纱、到中间层的少股纱、到表层的单根纱线组建的织物，使得表面具有更大的比表面积，提高水分的蒸发速率，从而提高水分的单向传导能力。
在以上众多的纤维织物设计中，水(或汗液)均能从织物的疏水内层向亲水外层定向输送，而反之则无法实现。
在以上众多的纤维织物设计中，水(或汗液)从织物的疏水内层单向传导到亲水表层后，会在亲水表层聚集铺展并逐渐饱和，使得单向导湿的速度逐渐减慢；同时，织物表层吸附水分后变得潮湿、厚重，使得穿着舒适感降低；另外，织物表层的亲水性使得其不能阻挡外部的水(如雨水，污渍或液体病原体)的吸附滞留。
而高性能服装面料的理想情况是：一方面，水(或汗液)不仅可以从织物的贴身内层定向运输到织物的外层(环境层)，在保持皮肤层干爽的同时，在外层蒸发从而实现冷却效果，并且任何额外的汗水将从织物的外层滚落，不影响单向传导的速率。另一方面，外部的水(如雨水、污渍或液体病原体)不会从织物外层反渗到贴身内层，也不会在外层上被吸收滞留。而迄今为止，现有的技术还没法实现兼具这两方面的理想要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为达成上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)坯布织造：
织造具有单向导湿功能的多层织物，织物包括内层拒水纤维和外层亲水或导湿纤维；
(2)选择性印花：
将含防水助剂的浆料选择性涂覆在织物的外层形成防水涂层，预留有微孔或沟槽状的微型窗通道；形成防水涂层后烘干固化。
进一步地，所述内层拒水纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、经防水剂整理的纤维中的单组分或多组分复合纤维。
进一步地，所述外层亲水或导湿纤维选用天然亲水纤维或吸湿排汗/导湿纤维。
进一步地，所述天然亲水纤维为棉、麻、蚕丝或粘胶。
进一步地，所述吸湿排汗/导湿纤维为异形截面纤维或后整理亲水纤维。
进一步地，所述微孔或沟槽的宽度为10μm-5mm。
进一步地，所述浆料包括1-5％的增稠剂和1-10％的防水助剂，优选为2-4％的增稠剂和3-6％的防水助剂。
进一步地，所述防水助剂为常规的纺织用含氟或无氟类防水助剂。
进一步地，增稠剂为印花常用的聚丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类合成化合物或淀粉、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶。
进一步地，所述烘干固化的步骤为：
在烘箱或烘筒上进行烘干，温度在100-200℃区间，时间为2-15min；或者
用100-200℃的蒸化机蒸烤，时间为2-15min。
本发明采用多层织物和后整理结合的方式，在具有单向导湿的多层织物的表层，通过印花或涂层工艺，在织物表层选择性地涂覆防水整理剂，预留微型窗通道。这些微型窗可以作为水分单向传导的通道，而其他区域能起到防水防污的功能。织物内部的水分(或汗液)可以快速从织物内层经过微型窗通道传导到外层，逐渐积累成大液滴并在外层滚落；外部的水分(如雨水、污渍或液体病原体)遇到大面积的防水层，也会从表面滚落，不会从反渗到织物内层，也不会在外层上吸附滞留。
多层织物可以为两层结构，内层拒水纤维、外层亲水纤维或导湿纤维；也可以为三层结构，内层拒水纤维、中间层导湿纤维、外层亲水纤维；也可以为具有类似润湿性梯度分布的更多层结构。各层结构中可加或不加弹性纤维。织物结构适用于针织或梭织面料。
本发明与现有技术相对比，其有益效果在于：
1.本发明的工艺易操作。制备的面料具有单向导湿排汗和防水防污的双重功能，属于首创，突破了传统的单向导湿排汗的单一功能。
2.织物内层(贴身层)始终保持干爽，织物外层又能排斥水分。它不同于现有技术的两个优势在于，1)织物的微型窗通道区域中形成润湿性梯度，实现单向导湿排汗功能；2)其他大部分区域保持拒水性能，保持干爽舒适。
3.单向导湿功能采用多层织物的结构，稳定性好、透气性好、手感好，同时适用于涤纶、锦纶、涤棉、棉等不同面料材质。织造方式不限于针织，也可以适用梭织面料。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备面料的剖面示意图。
图中：1、内层拒水纤维；2、外层亲水或导湿纤维；3、防水涂层；4、微型窗通道。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步具体的说明。
本发明的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)坯布织造：
用双面针织机织造具有单向导湿功能的双层织物，双层织物结构包括内层拒水纤维1和外层亲水或导湿纤维2，如图1所示。其组合方式可以为：内层拒水纤维1为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维(丙纶)、聚酯纤维(涤纶)、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维(腈纶)、经防水剂整理的纤维等单组分或多组分复合纤维，外层亲水纤维1为选用天然亲水纤维(如棉、麻、蚕丝、粘胶)、或吸湿排汗/导湿纤维(如异形截面纤维、后整理亲水纤维)等单组分或多组分复合纤维。所述内外层纤维的纤度为50D-400D，可选用白色或有色纤维。内外层织物结构可为平纹、网孔或网眼结构，优选外层的表面积大于内层。织造过程中可加或不加弹性纤维(如氨纶或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯纤维)。
(2)选择性印花：
将含防水助剂的浆料通过印花或涂层工艺选择性地涂覆在织物的外层形成防水涂层3，预留有微孔或沟槽(10μm-5mm)的微型窗通道4。这些通道没有涂覆防水剂，可以通过毛细管芯吸效应将内部的水分(或汗液)传导到织物的表层。而涂覆防水剂的区域可以起到防水防污的功能，同时也能排斥导出的水分直至滚落。
防水助剂为常规的纺织用含氟或无氟类防水助剂，优选耐久性防水助剂。
印花浆料配方中包括1-5％的增稠剂和1-10％的防水助剂，增稠剂为印花常用的聚丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类合成化合物或淀粉、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶等天然浆料，优选增稠剂的溶度为2-4％，优选防水助剂的浓度为3-6％。
印花工艺：可使用常规的平网、圆网、辊筒及台板印花等体系。
涂层工艺：可使用常规的涂布或涂层机。
烘干固化：可在烘箱或烘筒上进行烘干，温度在100-200℃区间，时间为2-15min；还可再用100-200℃的蒸化机蒸烤，时间为2-15min。
(3)其它工序：
包括织物织造后的开幅、水洗、染色或印花、定型和印花后整理后的水洗、定型，均为常规的工艺操作。
实施例1
(1)坯布织造：
用32寸28针双面针织机织造具有单向导湿功能的双层织物，织物内层为拒水丙纶纤维，织物的外层为异形截面涤纶纤维，丙纶和异形截面涤纶纤维在织物中间部分交织。所述的丙纶纤维为50D/24F纤度，所述的涤纶纤维是100D/72F纤度。丙纶和涤纶纤维占比均为50％，均可选用白色或有色纤维。织物的内层为平纹结构，外层为平纹或网眼结构。织造过程中不加氨纶。织物的克重为140-180g/m2。
(2)选择性印花：
将坯布预定型后，待用。配置含4％的耐久性防水助剂和3％聚丙烯酸类增稠剂的印花浆料，待用。
将坯布织物平整地粘贴在台板上，外层朝上，盖上平网，平网制有微孔通道(100μm)的微型窗图案；在平网上倒入防水印花浆料，用刮刀手工刮浆，浆料通过平网上的非微型窗区域的网孔渗入到坯布表面。取出布料，平铺置于150℃烘筒上，烘烤5min取下。用80-100℃的热水和常温水分别清洗干净。
(3)其它工序：
包括织物织造后的开幅、水洗、染色或印花、定型和印花后整理后的水洗、定型，均为常规的工艺操作。
实施例2
(1)坯布织造：
用32寸28针双面针织机织造具有单向导湿功能的双层织物，织物内层为普通涤纶纤维，织物的外层为异形截面涤纶纤维，两种涤纶纤维在织物中间部分交织。所述的普通涤纶纤维为50D/24F纤度，所述的异形截面涤纶纤维是100D/72F纤度。普通涤纶纤维占比为40％，异形截面涤纶纤维占比均为60％，均可选用白色或有色纤维。织物的内层为网孔结构，外层为平纹结构。织造过程中不加氨纶。织物的克重为140-200g/m2。
(2)选择性印花：
将坯布预定型后，待用。配置含4％的耐久性防水助剂和3％聚丙烯酸类增稠剂的印花浆料，待用。
将坯布织物平整地粘贴在台板上，外层朝上，盖上平网，平网制有与织物内层网孔结构的微型窗图案；在平网上倒入防水印花浆料，用刮刀手工刮浆，浆料通过平网上的非微型窗区域的网孔渗入到织物表面，即织物内层网孔部分对应的外层没有被涂覆，而其他部分均被涂覆。取出布料，烘干固化洗净。
(3)其它工序：
包括织物织造后的开幅、水洗、染色或印花、定型和印花后整理后的水洗、定型，均为常规的工艺操作。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)坯布织造：
织造具有单向导湿功能的多层织物，织物包括内层拒水纤维和外层亲水或导湿纤维；
(2)选择性印花：
将含防水助剂的浆料选择性涂覆在织物的外层形成防水涂层，预留有微孔或沟槽状的微型窗通道；形成防水涂层后烘干固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述内层拒水纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、经防水剂整理的纤维中的单组分或多组分复合纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述外层亲水或导湿纤维选用天然亲水纤维或吸湿排汗/导湿纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述天然亲水纤维为棉、麻、蚕丝或粘胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述吸湿排汗/导湿纤维为异形截面纤维或后整理亲水纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述微孔或沟槽的宽度为10μm-5mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述浆料包括1-5％的增稠剂和1-10％的防水助剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述防水助剂为常规的纺织用含氟或无氟类防水助剂。
9.根据权利要求7所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，增稠剂为印花常用的聚丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类合成化合物或淀粉、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶。
10.根据权利要求1所述的兼具单向导湿和防水防污双重功能的面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烘干固化的步骤为：
在烘箱或烘筒上进行烘干，温度在100-200℃区间，时间为2-15min；或者
用100-200℃的蒸化机蒸烤，时间为2-15min。
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