CN114835970A - Ceramic polyolefin cable material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in cable - Google Patents
Ceramic polyolefin cable material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in cable Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of cables, and particularly discloses a ceramic polyolefin cable material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in cables, wherein the ceramic polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25-35 parts of polyethylene, 50-70 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 6-12 parts of modified kaolin, 10-30 parts of glass powder, 1.5-3.5 parts of antioxidant, 8-18 parts of polyester staple fiber and 2-3 parts of lubricant. The cable prepared by the method has the advantages of strong flame retardant property, impact resistance and fracture-resistant tensile property.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of cables, in particular to a ceramic polyolefin cable material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in cables.
Background
Along with the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of people to the safety protection consciousness, in the wire and cable field, arouse the circuit to break down easily when taking place the conflagration, and then influence people's safety, consequently, people also more and more have high to the performance requirement of fire-resistant cable in the conflagration, and the insulating properties of fire-resistant cable has important influence to the performance of cable in the conflagration.
The ceramic polyolefin material is a novel heat-proof material, has excellent performances of fire prevention, fire resistance, high and low temperature resistance, flame retardance, low smoke, no toxicity and the like, and when a fire disaster happens to the ceramic polyolefin cable, the inorganic filler can form a hard ceramic-based protective layer during high-temperature combustion to form a fire-resistant protective layer to cover the cable core, so that a protected object is not damaged.
The prior art discloses a rapid ceramic fire-resistant cable material, which comprises 50-100 parts by weight of a ceramic-forming filler, wherein the ceramic-forming filler comprises one or more of glass powder, ceramic powder, glass fiber, talcum powder, mica powder or clay, but the tensile strength, the tearing strength and the elongation at break of a composite material are obviously reduced due to the addition of a large amount of the ceramic-forming filler, and the mechanical property requirements of cables and optical cables on insulation or sheath materials cannot be met.
Therefore, there is still a need for a ceramicized polyolefin cable material, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof in cables.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a ceramic polyolefin cable material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in cables.
In a first aspect, the application provides a ceramization polyolefin cable material, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a ceramic polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25-35 parts of polyethylene, 50-70 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 6-12 parts of modified kaolin, 10-30 parts of glass powder, 1.5-3.5 parts of antioxidant, 8-18 parts of polyester staple fiber and 2-3 parts of lubricant.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has better flexibility and elasticity, and has good receptivity to the filler, the polyethylene has better impact resistance, electrical insulation and molding processability, but is not high temperature resistant, heat intolerant and poor environmental stress cracking resistance, and has poor shape compatibility with polar materials, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is matched with the polyethylene for use, so that the shape compatibility of each component is increased, the cracking capability of the polyethylene is greatly improved, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a toughening effect on the polyethylene, and the prepared cable material has higher impact resistance and fracture resistance and tensile property. The ethylene-1-octene copolymer has good flexibility, stretchability and tearing strength and high viscosity strength, and the ethylene-1-octene copolymer, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are matched to further enhance the binding force among cable materials, thereby being beneficial to enhancing the impact resistance and the fracture-resistant tensile property of the cable materials.
The glass powder is matched with the modified kaolin, under the condition of high-temperature combustion, a protective layer which is as hard as ceramic can be quickly formed on the surface of the material, so that the effect of preventing flame from burning to the inner layer insulation is achieved, the excellent flame retardant property can be obtained, the modified kaolin is filled into the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the cable material obtains better mechanical property, and a certain structural strength is ensured while the flame retardant property is achieved, so that the normal use of facilities is protected.
The polyester short fiber, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are matched for use, the polyester short fiber improves the thermal stability of the cable material, the polyester short fiber penetrates through a carbon layer formed by cracking the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene after pyrolysis and carbonization to form a fiber reinforced carbon layer structure, and the fiber reinforced structure is favorable for obtaining a ceramic product with stable size and complete shape in the pyrolysis process of the cable material, so that the flame retardant property of the cable material is further enhanced.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the modified kaolin are as follows:
calcining kaolin and montmorillonite at 550 ℃ for 3-5h, cooling to room temperature, crushing, adding 0.5-1 per mill of aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by mass fraction, uniformly stirring at 75-85 ℃, adding vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at 75-85 ℃ for 2-4h, cooling, centrifuging, drying at 120 ℃ for 10-14h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
By adopting the technical scheme, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is used as a modifier, kaolin and montmorillonite are added, active groups (mainly-OH) on the surface of the kaolin are subjected to chemical reaction, hydrophobic groups are introduced, the lipophilicity and the reactivity of the surfaces of the kaolin and the montmorillonite are reduced, and then vinyl triethoxysilane is added, so that the surfaces of fine particles of the kaolin and the montmorillonite are coated with a layer of organic coupling agent compound, the surface properties of the kaolin and the montmorillonite are further changed, the surfaces are changed into hydrophobicity, the compatibility between a mineral filler and an organic polymer is increased, the dispersion uniformity degree of the mineral powder in a polymer material product is further improved, and the binding property among all components of a cable material is facilitated.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the kaolin to the montmorillonite is 2 (0.5-1).
By adopting the technical scheme, the kaolin is easily dispersed and suspended in water, the cable material has good plasticity, high cohesiveness, excellent electrical insulation and fire resistance, and the montmorillonite has good flame retardant effect.
Preferably, the mass of the vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the ethylene-vinyl acetate.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the mass of the vinyl acetate accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the ethylene-vinyl acetate, the cable has good impact resistance and stress cracking resistance, flexibility, high elasticity, puncture resistance, chemical stability, good electrical property, good biocompatibility, low density and good compatibility with glass powder, is mainly used for manufacturing cables, improves the high-temperature insulation resistance, cold resistance, impact resistance, aging resistance and flexibility of the cables, and improves the processing performance.
Preferably, the glass powder is low-melting-point glass powder, the melting point is 400-600 ℃, and the low-melting-point glass powder is one or more of silicate glass powder, borate glass powder and phosphate glass powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the low-melting-point glass powder has lower melting temperature, good heat resistance, chemical stability and higher mechanical strength, and the low-temperature molten glass powder is used as a functional filler and added into the cable material, so that various properties of the cable material are improved, and particularly, the flame retardance, the insulativity, the weather resistance and the scratch resistance of the cable material are improved. When a fire disaster happens, the cable material can form a porous self-supporting ceramic material at high temperature, so that the shape and the strength of the cable material are kept, and the safety of the interior of the cable material is further protected.
Preferably, the lubricant is one or more of simethicone, stearic acid and zinc stearate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the addition of the lubricant improves the fluidity among the components of the cable material, reduces the friction among the components, is favorable for mixing the cable material, has higher insulation resistance at high temperature, and further can improve the fluidity and the processing performance of the cable material.
Preferably, the antioxidant is one or more of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168 and antioxidant 300.
By adopting the technical scheme, the antioxidant can delay the oxidation of the high polymer material, so that the service life of the material is prolonged, the cable material is easily exposed in the external environment for a long time and is easily oxidized and decomposed by high temperature, and various performances of the cable material are reduced, so that the addition of the antioxidant improves the ageing resistance of the cable material, and the normal use of the cable at higher environmental temperature is ensured.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a ceramic polyolefin cable material, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a ceramic polyolefin cable material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the raw materials into a high-speed blender to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;
(2) extruding and granulating the mixture through a double-screw extruder to obtain a ceramic polyolefin cable material;
wherein the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 300-500 r/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ceramic polyolefin cable material with good flame retardant property and machining property is prepared by selecting a reasonable formula and proper screw temperature and rotating speed and through the working procedures of mixing, extruding, granulating and the like, and the ceramic polyolefin cable material is simple in process and low in cost.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a use of the ceramicized polyolefin cable material in flame retardant wire, cable and optical cable.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ceramic polyolefin cable material has good flame retardant property and mechanical property during combustion through application of the ceramic polyolefin cable material in flame retardant wires, cables and optical cables; and can form hard protective housing when burning, the protective housing can prevent that flame from further extending to cable inside, plays the effect of isolated external flame to the protection is located the insulating sinle silk of ceramic fire-resistant intraformational and is not damaged, ensures the normal use function of electric wire, cable and optical cable.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has better flexibility and elasticity, and has good holding property for the filler, and the polyethylene has better shock resistance, electrical insulation and molding processability, but the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are used together, not only the shape compatibility of each component is increased, the cracking capability of the polyethylene is greatly improved, the ethylene-1-octene copolymer has good flexibility, stretchability and tearing strength and high viscosity strength, and the ethylene-1-octene copolymer, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are matched to further enhance the binding force among cable materials, so that the impact resistance and the fracture-resistant tensile property of the cable materials are enhanced.
2. The glass powder and the modified kaolin are matched, under the condition of high-temperature combustion, a protective layer which is as hard as ceramic can be rapidly formed on the surface of the material, so that the effect of preventing flame from burning to the inner layer insulation is achieved, excellent flame retardant performance can be obtained, the modified kaolin is filled into the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, the cable material obtains better mechanical property, and flame retardance is realized while certain structural strength is ensured to protect normal use of facilities.
3. The polyester short fiber, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are matched for use, the polyester short fiber improves the thermal stability of the cable material, the polyester short fiber is pyrolyzed and carbonized and then penetrates through a carbon layer formed by pyrolyzing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene to form a fiber reinforced carbon layer structure, and the fiber reinforced structure is helpful for obtaining a ceramic product with stable size and complete shape in the pyrolysis process of the cable material, so that the flame retardant property of the cable material is further enhanced.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The special description is as follows: the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the starting materials used in the following examples were obtained from ordinary commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (elevator petrochemical V5110J); the softening point of the low-melting-point glass powder (commercially available) is 450 ℃; montmorillonite (DK-4, manufactured by Zhejiang Fenghong Clay chemical Co., Ltd.) has a d001 of 3.8 nm.
Preparation example of modified Kaolin
Preparation example 1
Calcining 12kg of kaolin and montmorillonite at 520 ℃ for 4h, wherein the weight ratio of the kaolin to the montmorillonite is 2:0.5, cooling to room temperature, crushing, adding 100kg of aqueous solution of 0.5 per mill of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by mass fraction, uniformly stirring at 85 ℃, adding 0.4kg of vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at 80 ℃ for 3h, cooling, centrifuging, drying at 110 ℃ for 12h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
Preparation example 2
Calcining 12kg of kaolin and montmorillonite at 550 ℃ for 3h, wherein the weight ratio of the kaolin to the montmorillonite is 2:1, cooling to room temperature, crushing, adding 100kg of aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with the mass fraction of 1 per thousand, uniformly stirring at 75 ℃, adding 0.4kg of vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at 75 ℃ for 4h, cooling, centrifuging, drying at 120 ℃ for 10h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
Preparation example 3
Calcining 12kg of kaolin and montmorillonite at 520 ℃ for 4h, wherein the weight ratio of the kaolin to the montmorillonite is 2:0.5, cooling to room temperature, crushing, adding 0.4kg of vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at 80 ℃ for 3h, cooling, centrifuging, drying at 110 ℃ for 12h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
Preparation example 4
Calcining 15kg of kaolin at the temperature of 500-550 ℃ for 3-5h, cooling to room temperature, crushing, then adding 100kg of aqueous solution of 0.5 per mill of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by mass fraction, uniformly stirring at the temperature of 85 ℃, then adding 0.4kg of vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 3h, cooling, centrifuging, then drying at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 12h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
Preparation example 5
The difference from preparation example 1 is that the weight ratio of kaolin to montmorillonite is 2: 0.2.
Preparation example 6
The difference from preparation example 1 is that the weight ratio of kaolin to montmorillonite is 2: 1.5.
Examples
Example 1
A ceramic polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 30 parts of polyethylene, 60 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 8 parts of modified kaolin, 20 parts of silicate glass powder, 10102.0 parts of antioxidant, 12 parts of polyester staple fiber and 2.5 parts of stearic acid.
The modified kaolin is selected from preparation example 1 of modified kaolin;
the preparation method of the ceramic polyolefin cable material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the raw materials into a high-speed blender to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;
(2) extruding and granulating the mixture through a double-screw extruder to obtain a ceramic polyolefin cable material;
wherein the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 200 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 400 r/min.
Example 2
A ceramic polyolefin cable material, which is different from the cable material in example 1 in that the cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25 parts of polyethylene, 50 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 12 parts of modified kaolin, 10 parts of silicate glass powder, 10103.5 parts of antioxidant, 8 parts of polyester staple fiber and 2 parts of stearic acid.
Example 3
A ceramic polyolefin cable material, which is different from the cable material in example 1 in that the cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 35 parts of polyethylene, 70 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 6 parts of modified kaolin, 30 parts of silicate glass powder, 10101.5 parts of antioxidant, 18 parts of polyester staple fiber and 3 parts of stearic acid.
Example 4
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material, differing from example 1 in that the modified kaolin was selected from preparation example 2 of modified kaolin.
Example 5
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material differing from example 1 in that the modified kaolin was selected from preparation example 3 of modified kaolin.
Example 6
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material differing from example 1 in that the modified kaolin was selected from preparation example 4 of modified kaolin.
Example 7
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material differing from example 1 in that the modified kaolin was selected from preparation example 5 of modified kaolin.
Example 8
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material differing from example 1 in that the modified kaolin was selected from preparation 6 of modified kaolin.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A ceramic polyolefin cable material, which is different from the cable material in example 1 in that the cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20 parts of polyethylene, 80 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 5 parts of modified kaolin, 40 parts of silicate glass powder, 10104.5 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of polyester staple fiber and 1 part of stearic acid.
Comparative example 2
A ceramic polyolefin cable material, which is different from the cable material in example 1 in that the cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 40 parts of polyethylene, 35 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 15 parts of modified kaolin, 8 parts of silicate glass powder, 10101.2 parts of antioxidant, 6 parts of polyester staple fiber and 4 parts of stearic acid.
Comparative example 3
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material, which is different from example 1 in that the modified kaolin in the composition is replaced by kaolin of the same mass, which is purchased from the Changxing morning bright chemical industry limited company.
Comparative example 4
A ceramicized polyolefin cable material, which is different from example 1 in that polyester short fiber in the composition is replaced by glass powder of the same quality.
Comparative example 5
Example 1 in prior invention patent publication No. CN 101404189A; a fast ceramic fire-resistant cable material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 40 parts of linear low-density polyethylene (DJMI820), 26 parts of GA, 39 parts of GC, 0.7 part of 3-methyl propenyl acyloxy propyl trimethoxy silane, 80 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 20 parts of melamine, 1 part of stearic acid and 1010 parts of antioxidant.
Adding GA, GC and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane into a high-speed mixer, mixing at 60 ℃ for 10min, and discharging for later use. Adding ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, linear low-density polyethylene, antioxidant, flame retardant, porcelain forming filler and lubricant into a high-speed mixer in sequence, mixing for 2-3min at normal temperature, and then granulating by using a double screw, wherein the temperature of each section of an extruder is as follows in sequence: the temperature of the first zone is 125 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 135 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 145 ℃, and the temperature of the die head is 155 ℃. Granulating, cold cutting, drying at 70-80 deg.C for 1 hr, weighing, and packaging.
Performance test
1. The cable materials prepared in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were tested according to GB/T2951.11-2008 "general test method for Cable and Cable insulation and sheath Material part 11 general test method for thickness and physical dimension measurement mechanical Properties test" and GB/T1040.3-2006 "test conditions for determination of tensile Properties of plastics part 3: thin plastics and sheets". The drawing speed is 240 mm/min; the test is carried out by referring to GB/T2951.12-2008 'Universal test method for insulation and sheath materials of cables and optical cables, part 12 of the Universal test method for thermal aging test method', and the aging conditions are 100 ℃ and 168 h. The test results are shown in table 1 below:
table 1 performance testing of the cable materials of examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-5
2. At about 2.5mm 2 The copper core is extruded with the ceramic polyolefin cable material with the thickness of 1.2mm according to the national standard GB/T19216.21-2003Line integrity fire test, examples 1-8, the results of which are shown below, the insulation layer forms a dense, vitrified layer on the surface of the conductor, and the vitrified shell is hard and dense and passes the fire test.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the cable materials prepared according to the examples 1-8 have good mechanical properties, processability and ceramization properties, the tensile strength is greater than 19.5MPa, and the elongation at break is greater than 374%, after aging test, the tensile strength after aging of the cable materials is greater than 19.9MPa, and the elongation at break after aging is greater than 384%, so that the prepared cable materials have good aging properties and are suitable for being used in a high-temperature environment. The modified kaolin and the glass powder with low melting point are added into the cable material, so that the cable material has the advantages of good ceramic property, high encrusting speed, low encrusting temperature, very hard and dense encrusting, and can be sintered into a hard ceramic armor body when a fire disaster happens, the residue is a ceramic inorganic substance, the surface is complete and has no bright crack after ablation, uniform micropores can be generated on the section, and the cable material has very good heat insulation, cooling and fire resistance effects.
The content of each component in the cable material is changed in comparative examples 1-2, and as can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the cable material are influenced by the content change of each component in comparative examples 1-2, the tensile strength is 18.2MPa and 18.8MPa, the elongation at break is 355% and 360%, meanwhile, the tensile strength of the cable material after aging is 18.9MPa and 19.6MPa, and the elongation at break after aging is 365% and 370%, and therefore, the ethylene-1-octene copolymer, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are matched, the binding force between the cable materials is enhanced within a certain proportion, and the impact resistance and the tensile property at break of the cable material are further enhanced; meanwhile, polyester staple fibers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene are matched in a certain proportion for use, so that the structural strength and the flame retardant property of the cable material are further enhanced.
The modified kaolin in the comparative example 3 is replaced by kaolin, and as can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength of the comparative example 3 is 17.5MPa, the elongation at break is 320%, meanwhile, the tensile strength of the cable material after aging is 18.1MPa, and the elongation at break after aging is 330%, so that the addition of the modified kaolin influences various performances of the cable material, and under the condition of high-temperature combustion, a protective layer which is as hard as ceramic can be rapidly formed on the surface of the material, so that the effect of preventing flame from burning to the inner layer insulation is achieved, and the modified kaolin is filled in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, so that the cable material obtains better mechanical properties, and a certain structural strength is ensured while flame retardance so as to protect the normal use of facilities.
In comparative example 4, no polyester short fiber is added, as can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength of comparative example 4 is 16.7MPa, the elongation at break is 310%, meanwhile, the tensile strength of the cable material after aging is 16.9MPa, and the elongation at break after aging is 320%, it can be seen that the addition of the polyester short fiber affects various performances of the cable material, the polyester short fiber, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene are used in combination, the polyester short fiber can improve the thermal stability of the cable material, the polyester short fiber penetrates through a carbon layer formed by cracking the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the polyethylene after pyrolysis and carbonization to form a fiber reinforced carbon layer structure, and the fiber reinforced structure is helpful to obtain a ceramic product with stable size and complete shape in the cable material pyrolysis process, and further enhances the flame retardant performance of the cable material.
Comparative example 5 is a ceramic fire-resistant cable material prepared in the prior art, and as can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength of comparative example 5 is 12.6MPa, and the elongation at break is 253%.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The ceramic polyolefin cable material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25-35 parts of polyethylene, 50-70 parts of ethylene-1-octene copolymer, 6-12 parts of modified kaolin, 10-30 parts of glass powder, 1.5-3.5 parts of antioxidant, 8-18 parts of polyester staple fiber and 2-3 parts of lubricant.
2. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation steps of the modified kaolin are as follows:
calcining kaolin and montmorillonite at 550 ℃ for 3-5h, cooling to room temperature, crushing, adding 0.5-1 per mill of aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by mass fraction, uniformly stirring at 75-85 ℃, adding vinyl triethoxysilane, stirring at 75-85 ℃ for 2-4h, cooling, centrifuging, drying at 120 ℃ for 10-14h, grinding and crushing to obtain the modified kaolin.
3. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 2, wherein: the weight ratio of the kaolin to the montmorillonite is 2 (0.5-1).
4. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the ethylene-vinyl acetate.
5. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 1, wherein: the glass powder is low-melting-point glass powder, the melting point is 400-600 ℃, and the low-melting-point glass powder is one or more of silicate glass powder, borate glass powder and phosphate glass powder.
6. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 1, wherein: the lubricant is one or more of simethicone, stearic acid and zinc stearate.
7. The ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to claim 1, wherein: the antioxidant is one or more of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168 and antioxidant 300.
8. The process for preparing a ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) putting the raw materials into a high-speed blender to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;
(2) extruding and granulating the mixture through a double-screw extruder to obtain a ceramic polyolefin cable material;
wherein the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 180-220 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 300-500 r/min.
9. Use of a ceramicized polyolefin cable material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for flame retardant wire, cable and cable applications.
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