CN114829104A - 用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的橡胶配混物的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的橡胶配混物的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN114829104A
CN114829104A CN202080084852.7A CN202080084852A CN114829104A CN 114829104 A CN114829104 A CN 114829104A CN 202080084852 A CN202080084852 A CN 202080084852A CN 114829104 A CN114829104 A CN 114829104A
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reaction
compound
section
cooling
temperature
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P·史达菲尔
F·巴龙奇尼
G·培祖罗
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Bridgestone Europe NV SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种用于经由连续混炼机(2)生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的方法和设备(1)，该连续混炼机被划分为：混炼区段(MS)，其中仅发生正被处理的配混物的成分的混炼；位于混炼区段(MS)的下游的反应区段(RS)，其中正被处理的配混物的温和反应被活化；其中，反应区段(RS)设置有加热器具，该加热器具用于使正被处理的配混物的温度相对于混炼区段(MS)内的正被处理的配混物的温度升高；以及位于反应区段(RS)的下游的冷却区段(CS)，该冷却区段设置有用于使正被处理的配混物冷却至下述温度的器具，该温度将抑制在反应区段(RS)内发生的反应的进一步发展。

Description

用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的橡胶配混 物的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物(compound)的方法和设备。
背景技术
一种用于生产用于制造由橡胶和充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的设备，通常包括连续混炼机，该连续混炼机被供应有配混物的成分，并且包括外套筒，该外套筒设置有两个密封头，该密封头用于封闭该套筒的端部中的每个端部，并且其中限定用于容纳正被处理的配混物的腔。
优选地，经由单螺杆挤出机(或双螺杆或甚至多螺杆行星式挤出机)进行连续混炼，该单螺杆挤出机具有至少一个容纳在套筒内的轴，该轴承载并连接至螺旋推进器和致动器器具，用于使该轴旋转。此外，该设备通常包括若干个用于供应配混物的成分的料斗，这些料斗配置在连续混炼机入口的一个端部处和/或沿着正被处理的配混物的流动方向分布。最终，该设备包括挤出头，该挤出头直接且以结构连续性的方式联接至腔，使得在入口处接收所产生的配混物，并在出口处以所需的形式、例如以具有所需的横向尺寸的条带的形式分配该配混物。
沿着沿腔内的流动方向的路径，配混物的成分经受温度梯度、剪切应力和压力，施加该压力以允许混炼，并且同时沿着流动方向推动材料。然而，已经证实，在混炼期间可能发生不希望的化学反应，或者可能发生希望的化学反应，但是反应的发展程度与所需的不一致。出于这些原因，在混炼步骤期间发生化学反应的连续过程产生的配混物可能具有与规定相去甚远的特性。
在没有快速温度控制的情况下，只要发生抑制其开始或进一步继续的冷却，这样的化学反应就可以继续进行。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的方法，该方法没有现有技术的缺点，并且该方法尤其是经济且易于实施的，并且不需要在连续混炼机的出口处设置冷却装置。
因此，本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的设备，该设备没有现有技术的缺点，并且该设备尤其是经济且易于制造的。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于生产所附权利要求中所述的配混物的方法和设备。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述本发明，附图示出了示例性、非限制性的实施方式，其中：
-图1是用于生产用于制造根据本发明制造的橡胶制品和充气轮胎的配混物的设备的第一变型方案的示意性侧视图；
-图2是图1的设备的第二变型方案的示意性侧视图；以及
-图3是图1的设备的第三变型方案的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，数字1整体表示用于生产用于制造橡胶制品和充气轮胎的配混物的设备。设备1包括连续混炼机2，该连续混炼机被供应有该配混物的成分。
连续混炼机2包括外套筒3，该外套筒设置有两个长使用寿命的密封头(未示出)，用于封闭该套筒3的端部中的每个端部。
优选地，套筒3相对于轴线X具有管状形状，并且在其内部限定用于容纳正被处理的配混物的腔4。
根据第一变型方案，经由单螺杆挤出机实施连续混炼机2。在套筒3内，容纳有轴5，该轴与轴线X同轴并承载且连接至螺旋推进器6。该设备还包括已知类型但未详细描述的致动器具(means)，用于使轴5围绕轴线X旋转。经由一系列节段实施轴5，这些节段相互同轴、串联配置并且经由中间支撑元件(其通常用作轴5的不同节段之间的连接元件，并且同时用作结构支撑以防止轴5本身的偏转)彼此连接。根据其他变型方案，经由双螺杆挤出机实施连续混炼机2。在外套筒3内，容纳有一对轴5，该对轴设置有彼此间平行(并且平行于轴线X)的相应的轴线，其中每个轴承载并连接至螺旋推进器6。该设备然后包括已知类型但未详细描述的致动器器具，用于使每个轴5围绕其轴线以相对于其他轴5一致的方式(同向旋转)或以相对于其他轴5不一致的方式(反向旋转)旋转。
当在腔4内正被处理的配混物沿流动方向F移动时，进行成分的混炼。
此外，设备1包括至少一个用于供应配混物的成分的供应入口7或料斗7。替选地，任何类型的适于供应固态、液态或气态形式的配混物的成分的分配器都可以用在料斗7处；其中优选(但作为非限制性示例)挤出机、单螺杆和多螺杆给料机、旋转给料机、用于液体或气体的喷射器装置、传送带、振动带。
料斗7配置在连续混炼机2的入口的一个端部处。
替选地，连续混炼机2包括多个料斗7，每个料斗用于供应配混物的至少一种相应的成分；其中料斗7沿着正被处理的配混物的流动方向F分布。通常经由位于设备1本身上游的连续配料系统(已知类型，未示出且未详细描述)将正被处理的配混物的成分供应至连续混炼机2。
连续混炼机2由混合部分(或区段)8、运输部分9和混炼部分10交替形成。根据优选的变型方案，连续混炼机2还包括在两个不同区域之间的换向运输元件和分离元件。
在混合部分8中，该配混物的成分经受剪切应力的增加，以形成宏观上均匀的配混物(换言之，这些元素被掺入到该配混物的聚合物基质中)。
相反，运输部分6被实施，以便将正被处理的配混物从腔4的一个纵向端部运送到其他的纵向端部，从而使配混物的成分经受剪切应力和所施加的压力的可忽略的变化。
随后，配混物可能遇到一个或多个分散的混炼元件10，其中所施加的剪切应力显著增加，从而允许配混物的成分分散在基质内。替选地，正被处理的配混物可以以固态形式存在，或者以完全熔化状态存在，或者部分以固态形式且部分以熔化状态存在。传送部分6被构造为沿流动方向F推动材料，在其上进行基本上为零或非常低的混炼。
连续混炼机2的不同的混合、运输和混炼部分8、9和10以结构连续性的方式串联配置/联接成，使得各个内腔物理地且无缝地连接。例如，连续混炼机2的不同部分8、9和10一个接一个地直接翻边(flange)。
根据优选的实施方式，腔4具有直径D，该直径的值在双螺杆挤出机的情况下在20和250mm之间；优选地，腔4的直径D在50和150mm之间。根据优选的实施方式，设备1的沿着流动方向F的长度L和直径D之间的比在50和150之间；优选地，设备1的沿着流动方向F的长度L和直径D之间的比在60和140之间。
最终，根据优选的变型方案，设备1包括挤出头11，其以结构连续性的方式直接联接至腔4，使得在入口处接收所产生的配混物，并在出口处以所需的形式、例如以具有所需的横向尺寸的条带的形式，分配该配混物。然后，设备1可以包括位于挤出头11下游的运输装置(通常为已知类型、但未示出和详细描述的辊或传送带)，该运输装置旨在从相同的挤出头11接收配混物并将其传送至随后的工作站。
设备1被划分为分别用MS、RS和CS表示的三个区段。
用MS表示的区段是下述区段，其中仅发生正被处理的配混物的混炼。
用RS表示的区段配置在混炼区段MS的下游并且代表反应区段，其中化学反应(例如硫化)被活化并且其改变了正被处理的配混物的特性。通常，在反应区段RS内，相对于相邻的混炼和冷却区段MS、CS，反应中的配混物的温度升高。经由围绕套筒3的加热器具(例如电阻)产生反应区段RS内的温度升高。
用CS表示的区段位于反应区段RS的下游，并代表冷却区段，其中正被处理的配混物被冷却。尤其地，正被处理的配混物被冷却至下述温度，其将抑制在反应区段RS内发生的反应的进一步发展。被引入反应区段RS的下游(冷却区段CS的上游)的任何试剂遇到下述温度和压力条件，即防止在冷却区段CS的条件下在相同区域的停留时间内发生反应。冷却区段CS设置有用于经由流体(例如水)冷却正被处理的配混物的器具。以下述方式实施用于冷却正被处理的配混物的器具，即在配混物沿流动方向F移动时，围绕套筒3并且因此围绕配混物。
重要的是要强调，混炼区段MS、反应区段RS和冷却区段CS中的每一个区段由一个接一个相继地放置的混合、运输和混炼部分8、9和10的适当的组合来限定。
混炼区段MS、反应区段RS和冷却区段CS这三者以结构连续性的方式一个接一个相继地配置成，使得各个内腔物理地且无缝地连接。
此外，该混炼区段MS、反应区段RS和冷却区段CS中的每一个区段都设置有用于供应配混物的至少一种成分的若干个(包括零个)料斗7和/或挥发性成分提取点。
混炼区段MS的长度优选地在设备1的沿着流动方向F的整个长度L的40％和80％之间。
反应区段RS的长度优选地在设备1的沿着流动方向F的整个长度L的40％和10％之间。
冷却区段CS的长度优选地在设备1的沿着流动方向F的整个长度L的30％和10％之间。
经由以上讨论所描述的设备1生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的方法，包括：
-至少一个用于将配混物的成分供应至连续混炼机2的步骤；
-在混炼区段MS中进行的用于对正被处理的配混物的成分进行连续混炼的步骤；
-混炼步骤之后的反应步骤，其中经由相对于混炼步骤的温度升高来活化正被处理的配混物的反应；其中在相应的反应区段RS内发生反应步骤；
-反应步骤之后并在相应的冷却区段CS处发生的冷却步骤；其中降低正被处理的配混物的温度，直至其达到防止在反应步骤期间发生的反应的进一步发展的值。
混炼步骤、反应步骤和冷却步骤的持续时间是可变的；尤其地，混炼步骤、反应步骤和冷却步骤的持续时间能够根据在供应步骤期间引入的配混物的成分而变化。
此外，在基准温度Tref下对正被处理的配混物的成分进行连续混炼的步骤；在混炼步骤之后，在高于基准温度Tref的反应温度Treact下进行反应步骤，从而活化正被处理的配混物的温和反应；并且最终，在反应步骤之后，在低于反应温度Treact的冷却温度Tcool下进行冷却步骤，以便防止(或阻止)在反应步骤期间发生的反应的进一步发展。
更详细地，反应温度Treact和基准温度Tref之间的差在5℃和45℃之间；优选地，反应温度Treact和基准温度Tref之间的差在15℃和45℃之间。
此外，冷却温度Tcool和反应温度Treact之间的差在15℃和45℃之间；优选地，冷却温度Tcool和反应温度Treact之间的差在20℃和40℃之间。
根据优选的变型方案，冷却温度Tcool基本上低于或等于基准温度Tref。
根据优选的变型方案，反应温度Treact在120℃和165℃之间；优选地，反应温度Treact在140℃和165℃之间。
实验证实，利用上述温差值，可以有效地活化正被处理的配混物的温和反应，并随后使其停止，从而将配混物的成分的降解(degradation)降到最低。
根据第一实施方式，该方法包括供应配混物的旨在阻止反应步骤的至少一种成分的其他步骤；其中该第二供应步骤在第一反应步骤和冷却步骤之间。
根据第二实施方式，该方法预计在反应步骤和冷却步骤之间供应配混物的至少一种成分的其他步骤，该步骤旨在活化冷却步骤之后的第二反应步骤。
申请人已经通过实验证实，经由目前所描述的类型的设备1生产的配混物具有均一的特性。
出于说明而不是限制目的，下面对配混物的一些实施例进行说明，这些配混物可以经由前面讨论中所描述的设备1获得。
实施例1(图1)
在混炼区段MS中，通过料斗7引入以下成分。尤其地，配方包括具有以百分比表示的相应重量的以下成分：
Figure BDA0003681153190000071
所用的橡胶优选地为苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。所用的增强填料优选地为炭黑。
在混炼区段MS内，在不超过120℃的温度下混炼正被处理的配混物，从而将苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的降解降至最低。
在混炼区段MS内的停留时间根据所引入的增强填料的类型和量而变化。优选地，在混炼区段MS内的停留时间小于或等于5分钟。
紧邻反应区段RS的上游，通过其他料斗7*引入硫化反应催化剂和硫化剂。重要的是注意，不要将过氧化物引入到混炼区段MS中。
在反应区段RS内，硫化反应催化剂和硫化剂分散在正被处理的配混物中，并活化温和的硫化反应。优选地，在高于140℃的温度下进行硫化反应。尤其地，根据优选的变型方案，在高于160℃的温度下进行硫化反应。反应区段RS内的停留时间是可变的，并且以下述方式确定该停留时间，即正被处理的配混物不以高于出口处的材料20％(根据ISO 6502)的百分比被硫化。优选地，反应区段RS内的停留时间大于或等于60秒。在硫化反应在高于160℃的温度下进行的情况下，反应区段RS内的停留时间可以小于60秒。
为了使正被处理的配混物不以高于出口处的材料20％(根据ISO 6502)的百分比被硫化，有必要迅速降低冷却区段CS内的温度。
在冷却区段CS内，优选地将正被处理的配混物冷却至低于120℃的温度。冷却区段CS内的停留时间是可变的。优选地，在冷却区段CS内的停留时间大于或等于60秒。
随后，在挤出头处产生的配混物可以被传送到随后的热成形站。
实施例2(图2)
在混炼区段MS中，通过料斗7引入以下成分。尤其地，配方包括具有以百分比表示的相应重量的以下成分：
Figure BDA0003681153190000081
所用的橡胶优选地为苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。所用的增强填料优选地为炭黑。
在混炼区段MS内，在不超过120℃的温度下混炼正被处理的配混物，从而将苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的降解降至最低。
在混炼区段MS内的停留时间根据所引入的增强填料的类型和量而变化。优选地，在混炼区段MS内的停留时间小于或等于5分钟。
在反应区段RS内，缩聚反应被活化。尤其地，在反应区段RS内，通过其他料斗7**引入酚醛树脂和六亚甲基四胺。优选地，在低于140℃的温度下进行缩聚反应。尤其地，根据优选的变型方案，在120℃和140℃之间的温度下进行缩聚反应。在反应区段RS内的停留时间小于2分钟。
最终，在冷却区段CS内，配混物被冷却到低于100℃的温度；在冷却区段CS的进口处，通过其他的料斗7***引入硫磺和促进剂。冷却区段CS内的停留时间是可变的。优选地，在冷却区段CS内的停留时间大于或等于60秒。
实施例3(图3)
在混炼区段MS中，通过料斗7引入以下成分。尤其地，配方包括具有以百分比表示的相应重量的以下成分：
Figure BDA0003681153190000091
所用的橡胶优选地为苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。所用的增强填料优选地为二氧化硅。
在混炼区段MS内，在不超过120℃的温度下混炼正被处理的配混物，从而将苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的降解降至最低。
在混炼区段MS内的停留时间根据所引入的增强填料的类型和量而变化。优选地，在混炼区段MS内的停留时间小于或等于5分钟。
在反应区段RS内，二氧化硅/硅烷反应被活化(使用添加剂
Figure BDA0003681153190000092
)。
优选地，在高于140℃的温度下进行二氧化硅/硅烷反应。尤其地，根据优选的变型方案，在不超过165℃的温度下进行二氧化硅/硅烷反应。此外，沿着反应区段RS的长度，设置一个或多个挥发性配混物提取点，以便在更短的时间内完成二氧化硅/硅烷反应，即在反应区段RS内的停留时间小于120秒。在冷却区段CS内，正被处理的配混物被冷却到低于120℃的温度。此外，在冷却区段CS内，通过料斗7'引入硫化剂。冷却区段CS内的停留时间是可变的。优选地，在冷却区段CS内的停留时间大于或等于60秒。随后，可以进一步冷却在挤出头处产生的配混物(例如，在水浴中)，和/或可以将其传送到随后的热成形站。
还重要的是强调，根据其他的变型方案，冷却区段CS设置有至少一个用于供应配混物的成分的入口7'，该成分是在设备1本身下游发生反应所必需的。
重要的是强调，在上述实施例2和实施例3中，相应的冷却区段CS设置有至少一个用于供应配混物的相应成分的入口7'，该成分适于防止在位于上游的反应区段RS内发生的反应的进一步发展。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于经由设备(1)生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的方法，所述设备包括连续混炼机(2)，所述连续混炼机具有用于混炼正被处理的配混物的成分的区段(MS)、位于所述混炼区段(MS)的下游并且设置有加热器具的反应区段(RS)、以及位于所述反应区段(RS)的下游并且设置有用于冷却所述正被处理的配混物的器具的冷却区段(CS)；其中所述混炼区段(MS)、所述反应区段(RS)以及所述冷却区段(CS)一个接一个相继地以结构连续性的方式配置；所述方法包括：
-将所述配混物的成分供应至所述连续混炼机(2)的第一步骤；
-在基准温度(Tref)下对所述正被处理的配混物的成分进行连续混炼的步骤；
-在所述混炼步骤之后，在高于所述基准温度(Tref)的反应温度(Treact)下进行的第一反应步骤，从而活化所述正被处理的配混物的温和反应；以及
-在所述反应步骤之后，在低于所述反应温度(Treact)的冷却温度(Tcool)下进行的冷却步骤，以便防止在所述反应步骤期间发生的反应的进一步发展。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括供应所述配混物的旨在阻止所述反应步骤的至少一种成分的第二步骤；其中所述第二供应步骤包含在所述第一反应步骤和所述冷却步骤之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
-供应所述配混物的至少一种成分的第二步骤；其中所述第二供应步骤包含在所述第一反应步骤和所述冷却步骤之间；以及
-在所述冷却步骤之后的第二反应步骤。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述混炼步骤、所述反应步骤和所述冷却步骤的持续时间能够根据所述配混物的成分而变化。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述反应温度(Treact)和所述基准温度(Tref)之间的差在5℃和45℃之间；优选地，所述反应温度(Treact)和所述基准温度(Tref)之间的差在15℃和45℃之间。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述冷却温度(Tcool)和所述反应温度(Treact)之间的差在15℃和45℃之间；优选地，所述冷却温度(Tcool)和所述反应温度(Treact)之间的差在20℃和40℃之间。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述冷却温度(Tcool)基本上低于或等于所述基准温度(Tref)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述反应温度(Treact)在120℃和165℃之间；优选地，所述反应温度(Treact)在140℃和165℃之间。
9.一种被设计用于实施根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的、用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的配混物的方法的设备(1)，其中：
所述混炼区段(MS)的长度优选地在所述设备(1)的沿着流动方向(F)的整个长度(L)的40％和80％之间；
所述反应区段(RS)的长度优选地在所述设备(1)的沿着流动方向(F)的整个长度(L)的40％和10％之间；以及
所述冷却区段(CS)的长度优选地在所述设备(1)的沿着流动方向(F)的整个长度(L)的30％和10％之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其中用于冷却所述正被处理的配混物的器具被实施成，使得围绕所述套筒(3)和沿着流动方向(F)的所述正被处理的配混物。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的设备，其中所述连续混炼机(2)包括混合、运输和混炼部分(8、9、10)，所述混合、运输和混炼部分一个接一个相继地、以结构连续性的方式被放置成，使得各个内腔物理地且无缝地连接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中所述混炼区段(MS)、所述反应区段(RS)和所述冷却区段(CS)中的每一个区段由一个接一个相继地放置的所述混炼、运输和重新分布部分(8、9、10)的适当的组合来限定。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的设备，其中所述混炼区段(MS)、所述反应区段(RS)和所述冷却区段(CS)中的每一个区段都设置有用于供应所述配混物的至少一种成分的若干个料斗(7)和/或挥发性成分提取点。
CN202080084852.7A 2019-11-11 2020-11-09 用于生产用于制造由橡胶或充气轮胎制成的物品的橡胶配混物的方法和设备 Pending CN114829104A (zh)

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