CN114824707B - 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter and passband adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter and passband adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824707B CN114824707B CN202210470030.3A CN202210470030A CN114824707B CN 114824707 B CN114824707 B CN 114824707B CN 202210470030 A CN202210470030 A CN 202210470030A CN 114824707 B CN114824707 B CN 114824707B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
- H01P1/2084—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure with dielectric resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter and a passband adjusting method thereof, which belong to the technical field of communication, wherein the filter comprises an optical fiber input end (1), a plurality of cascaded resonators (2) and an optical fiber output end (3) which are sequentially connected, the cavities of the resonators (2) are sequentially communicated to form a waveguide cavity, liquid anisotropic materials (22) are filled in the waveguide cavity, a pair of voltage control electrodes (24) are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each resonator (2), the passband frequency of the filter can be tuned from 26.7Ghz to 28.8Ghz by controlling the voltage value of the voltage control electrodes (24), and the filter can be applied to three sub-bands of n257, n258 and n261 of a 5G FR2 millimeter wave band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter and a passband adjusting method thereof.
Background
With the development of communication technology, the working frequency is higher and higher, reaching millimeter wave band. Filters are a vital radio frequency device for communication and radar systems. In recent years, the demand for filters in the fields of microwave communication, microwave navigation, telemetry and remote control, satellite communication, and the like has been increasing. Researchers have developed some reconfigurable filters based on varactors, MEMS switches or mechanical structures. However, in the millimeter wave band, the parasitic effect of the varactor diode and the MEMS switch is high, and cannot be applied to the high frequency band, and meanwhile, it is very difficult to control the passband of the filter by using a mechanical structure, and friction loss may be introduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem of using a mechanical structure to control the passband of a filter, and provides a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter and a passband adjusting method thereof, wherein the filter is easy to manufacture, and the passband can be accurately adjusted by controlling bias voltage.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter mainly comprises an optical fiber input end, a plurality of cascaded resonators and an optical fiber output end which are sequentially connected; the optical fiber input end and the optical fiber output end are coaxially arranged;
a pair of inductive diaphragms are arranged between two adjacent resonators for coupling, cavities of the resonators are sequentially communicated to form a waveguide cavity, liquid anisotropic materials are filled in the waveguide cavity, a direct-current insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of each resonator, a pair of voltage control electrodes are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each resonator, and the voltage control electrodes penetrate through the direct-current insulating layers and extend into the waveguide cavity.
As a preferred option, a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter is provided, and rubber particles are added at the connection part of the voltage control electrode and the resonator.
As a preferred option, a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter has a gap between the same pair of inductive diaphragms, and all the inductive diaphragms have the same thickness.
As a preferred option, a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter, the thickness of the inductive diaphragm is 1mm.
As a preferred option, a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter includes four resonators prototyped with a four-order chebyshev prototype filter with a ripple of 0.5 db.
The invention also provides a passband adjusting method for adjusting the passband of the waveguide filter, the method comprising:
changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material by applying different dc bias voltages to the voltage control electrodes;
and adjusting the resonant frequency of the waveguide filter according to the change of the dielectric constant.
As a preferred option, a passband modulation method, said changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material by applying different dc bias voltages to said voltage control electrodes, comprises:
when the direct-current bias voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, analyzing the molecular arrangement direction of the liquid anisotropic material;
when the direct-current bias voltage is between the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage, analyzing the molecular arrangement direction of the liquid anisotropic material;
and when the direct current bias voltage is higher than the saturation voltage, analyzing the molecular arrangement direction of the liquid anisotropic material.
As a preferred aspect, a passband adjusting method for adjusting a resonant frequency of a waveguide filter according to a change in the dielectric constant includes:
as the dielectric constant decreases, the resonant frequency of the resonator increases.
As a preferred option, a passband adjusting method, the method further comprising:
the thickness of the inductive diaphragm is adjusted so that the thickness of the inductive diaphragm is much smaller than the operating wavelength of the resonator. The inductive diaphragm is equivalent to a shunt inductance.
It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above options may be combined with each other or replaced to form a new technical scheme without collision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the waveguide cavity of the filter is filled with the liquid anisotropic material, and the effective dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material can be changed by changing the direct-current bias voltage applied to the voltage control electrode, so that the resonance mode and the resonance frequency of the resonator are changed, the tunability in the 5G millimeter wave frequency band is realized, the purpose of bandwidth reconstruction is achieved, the passband frequency of the filter can be tuned from 26.7Ghz to 28.8Ghz, and the filter can be applied to three sub-bands of n257, n258 and n261 of the 5G F2 millimeter wave band.
(2) The direct-current insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the resonator, so that direct-current bias voltage is isolated from the transmitted millimeter wave signals, and interference between the signals is avoided.
(3) The invention takes the four-order chebyshev prototype filter with the ripple wave of 0.5db as the prototype, and is easy to manufacture.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pair of inductive diaphragms shown in the present invention, where a represents waveguide width and d represents diaphragm gap;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an inductive diaphragm equivalent circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the molecular alignment direction of the liquid anisotropic material when the DC bias voltage is lower than the threshold voltage;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the molecular alignment direction of a liquid anisotropic material when the DC bias voltage is between the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the molecular alignment direction of a liquid anisotropic material when the DC bias voltage is higher than the saturation voltage;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the S-parameters of a four-cavity filter according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the measurement S of the filter of the present invention at different DC bias voltages 21 Is a schematic diagram of (a).
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate: 1. an optical fiber input end; 2. a resonator; 3. an optical fiber output end; 21. an inductive diaphragm; 22. a liquid anisotropic material; 23. a DC insulating layer; 24. a voltage control electrode; 25. rubber particles.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully understood from the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated as being "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
According to the invention, the liquid anisotropic material 22 is filled in the waveguide cavity of the filter, and the effective dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 can be changed by changing the direct-current bias voltage applied to the voltage control electrode 24, so that the resonance mode and resonance frequency of the resonator 2 are changed, the tunability in the 5G millimeter wave frequency band is realized, and the purpose of bandwidth reconstruction is achieved.
Example 1
In this exemplary embodiment, there is provided a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter, as shown in fig. 1, which includes an optical fiber input terminal 1, a plurality of resonators 2 in cascade, and an optical fiber output terminal 3 connected in sequence; the optical fiber input end 1 and the optical fiber output end 3 are coaxially arranged, and the coaxial arrangement is more beneficial to being connected to a radio frequency circuit and has higher application value;
a pair of inductive diaphragms 21 are arranged between two adjacent resonators 2 for coupling, cavities of the resonators 2 are sequentially communicated to form a waveguide cavity, liquid anisotropic materials 22 are filled in the waveguide cavity, direct-current insulating layers 23 are arranged on the inner walls of the resonators 2, a pair of voltage control electrodes 24 are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each resonator 2, and the voltage control electrodes 24 penetrate through the direct-current insulating layers 23 and extend into the waveguide cavity.
Specifically, the liquid anisotropic material 22 is normally stable, the molecules are arranged in a crystal form, and the position of each molecule is kept unchanged, the liquid anisotropic material 22 is completely filled in the waveguide cavity of the cascade resonator 2, the physical characteristics of the protective material can be better completely filled, so that the liquid anisotropic material can effectively exert liquid anisotropy, when a voltage is applied to the liquid anisotropic material 22 through the voltage control electrode 24, the liquid anisotropic material 22 is subjected to an electric field force in a direction perpendicular to the metal plate of the resonator 2 by the crystal molecules under the action of the applied voltage, and at the moment, the material shows uniaxial anisotropic characteristics, and the relative dielectric constant can be expressed as tensor:
wherein R is a rotation matrix, and represents the situation that crystal molecules deviate from a main direction in an externally applied electrostatic field p Represents the dielectric constant, epsilon, below the threshold voltage condition v Indicating a dielectric constant above saturation voltage, the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 is between epsilon p And epsilon v Between them. Thus, by applying an electrostatic field, the direction of molecular alignment is changed and the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 is changed from ε p To epsilon v Decreasing, thereby increasing the resonant frequency of the cavity resonator, and passing a specific frequency component in the signal by tuning the passband frequency of the filterThe other frequency components are attenuated by the earth.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, there is provided a 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter, as shown in fig. 1, in which rubber particles 25 are added to the junction of the voltage control electrode 24 and the resonator 2, and by adding the rubber particles 25, the liquid anisotropic material 22 is prevented from oozing out from the inside of the resonator 2.
Further, a gap exists between the same pair of inductive membranes 21, and the thickness of all inductive membranes 21 is the same. The thickness of the inductive diaphragm 21 is 1mm.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the geometric dimensions of the waveguide filter are calculated by using an equivalent circuit model, when the inductive diaphragm 21 is used as a coupling structure, the thickness of the inductive diaphragm 21 affects the resonance frequency of adjacent waveguides, and when the thickness of the inductive diaphragm 21 is far less than the operating wavelength λ, the inductive diaphragm 21 of the rectangular waveguide filter can be equivalent to the electrical length of the transmission lineThe inductive diaphragm 21 may be equivalent to a shunt inductance β, with an input impedance Z, and the conductance of the inductive diaphragm 21 may be calculated as:
wherein lambda is g Is the waveguide wavelength corresponding to the center frequency f, a is the waveguide width, d is the diaphragm gap, and εr is the relative dielectric constant of the material in the waveguide.
Further, the four resonators 2 are used as prototypes, the four-order chebyshev prototype filter with the ripple of 0.5db is converted into a bandpass prototype filter, and then the four resonators are coupled through an inductive diaphragm. Meanwhile, since the standard waveguide is used as a transmission line structure in millimeter waves of the 5G communication system, the waveguide filter adopts the standard waveguide structure WR28 as an initial value.
Example 3
In this embodiment, there is provided a passband adjusting method for adjusting the passband of the waveguide filter described in the above embodiment, the method including:
changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 by applying different dc bias voltages across the voltage control electrodes 24;
and adjusting the resonant frequency of the waveguide filter according to the change of the dielectric constant.
Further, the changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 by applying different dc bias voltages to the voltage control electrodes 24 includes:
analyzing the molecular alignment direction of the liquid anisotropic material 22 when the dc bias voltage is lower than the threshold voltage;
analyzing the molecular alignment direction of the liquid anisotropic material 22 when the dc bias voltage is between the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage;
when the dc bias voltage is higher than the saturation voltage, the molecular arrangement direction of the liquid anisotropic material 22 is analyzed.
In one example, the threshold voltage is taken to be 0V and the saturation voltage is taken to be 52V. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the liquid anisotropic material molecules are mainly in the form of rods, and shape anisotropy causes different physical phenomena. Therefore, when an electric field is applied, the crystal molecules are subjected to an electric field force perpendicular to the direction of the metal plate, so that the directions of the molecules are changed, and the dielectric constants of the crystal molecules are changed. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the molecular alignment of a crystal below a threshold voltage, wherein the electric field force is negligible, and the molecular alignment direction is the same and perpendicular to the electric field direction; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of crystal molecules under the condition that the threshold voltage is higher than the saturation voltage, wherein the arrangement direction of the crystal molecules gradually approaches to be parallel to the direction of the electric field from the middle to the two sides along with the increase of the electric field force; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the molecular arrangement of the crystal above saturation voltage condition, where the electric field force is maximized and the molecular direction of the crystal is almost parallel to the direction of the electric field.
Further, the adjusting the resonant frequency of the waveguide filter according to the change of the dielectric constant includes:
as the dielectric constant decreases, the resonance frequency of the resonator 2 increases.
Further, the method further comprises:
the thickness of the inductive diaphragm 21 is adjusted such that the thickness of the inductive diaphragm 21 is much smaller than the operating wavelength of the resonator 2. The inductive diaphragm 21 is equivalent to a parallel inductance.
Specifically, the thickness of the inductance diaphragm 21 is selected to be 1mm, and then the calculated initial structure is input into HFSS software to build a simulation model for optimal design. The S parameters of the obtained four-cavity filter are shown in fig. 7. The filter bandwidth was 11.8% and the center frequency was 26.75GHz. The insertion loss is 0.94dB, and the return loss is better than 22dB. By varying the applied dc bias voltage, the effective dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material 22 can be varied, thereby changing the resonant mode and resonant frequency of the resonator. The invention researches the relation between the resonant mode and frequency of the metal resonant cavity and the externally applied bias voltage. Meanwhile, by means of simulation software, the design structure of the device, the size of the resonator, the size of the electrode and the position of the electrode are analyzed and optimized, so that the performance of the resonator is improved. The tunability of the resonator in the 5G millimeter wave frequency band is realized.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the inventive filter is shown measuring S at different DC bias voltages 21 The bias voltages of the four electrodes in the upper half are consistent, the bias voltages of the four electrodes in the lower half are consistent and the opposite number of the upper half, so that the middle part of the filter is kept in a virtual ground state, and S is increased along with the increase of the bias voltage 21 Moving gradually to the left, the measurement results show that the voltage values input to the 8 voltage control electrodes 24 are adjusted according to the actual situation, and by controlling the voltage values of the 8 voltage control electrodes 24, when the bias voltage is applied higher, the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material is lower, the frequency of the reconfigurable filter is higher, and the passband frequency of the filter can be tuned from 26.7Ghz to 28.8Ghz. The filter can be applied to three sub-bands of n257, n258 and n261 of the 5G-FR2 millimeter band.
The foregoing detailed description of the invention is provided for illustration, and it is not to be construed that the detailed description of the invention is limited to only those illustration, but that several simple deductions and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and are to be considered as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter is characterized by comprising an optical fiber input end (1), a plurality of cascaded resonators (2) and an optical fiber output end (3) which are sequentially connected; the optical fiber input end (1) and the optical fiber output end (3) are coaxially arranged;
a pair of inductive diaphragms (21) are arranged between two adjacent resonators (2) for coupling, cavities of the resonators (2) are sequentially communicated to form a waveguide cavity, liquid anisotropic materials (22) are completely filled in the waveguide cavity, direct-current insulating layers (23) are arranged on the inner walls of the resonators (2), a pair of voltage control electrodes (24) are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each resonator (2), the voltage control electrodes (24) are perpendicular to the surfaces of the resonators (2), and under the action of external voltage, crystal molecules of the liquid anisotropic materials (22) are subjected to electric field force perpendicular to the directions of metal plates of the resonators (2); the voltage control electrode (24) extends through the dc insulation layer (23) into the waveguide cavity;
all the inductive diaphragms (21) have the same thickness, and gaps exist between the same pair of inductive diaphragms (21).
2. A 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter according to claim 1, characterized in that rubber particles (25) are added at the junction of the voltage control electrode (24) and resonator (2).
3. A 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the inductive diaphragm (21) is 1mm.
4. A 5G millimeter wave reconfigurable waveguide filter according to claim 1, comprising four resonators (2), the four resonators (2) being prototyped with a four-order chebyshev prototype filter with a ripple of 0.5 db.
5. A passband adjusting method for adjusting the passband of the waveguide filter of any of the claims 1-4, the method comprising:
changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material (22) by applying different dc bias voltages to the voltage control electrodes (24);
and adjusting the resonant frequency of the waveguide filter according to the change of the dielectric constant.
6. The passband tuning method according to claim 5, wherein said changing the dielectric constant of the liquid anisotropic material (22) by applying different dc bias voltages on said voltage control electrodes (24) comprises:
analyzing the molecular alignment direction of the liquid anisotropic material (22) when the dc bias voltage is below the threshold voltage;
analyzing the molecular alignment direction of the liquid anisotropic material (22) when the dc bias voltage is between the threshold voltage and the saturation voltage;
when the DC bias voltage is higher than the saturation voltage, the molecular arrangement direction of the liquid anisotropic material (22) is analyzed.
7. The passband adjusting method according to claim 5, wherein said adjusting the resonant frequency of the waveguide filter according to said variation of the dielectric constant comprises:
as the dielectric constant decreases, the resonant frequency of the resonator (2) increases.
8. The passband adjusting method according to claim 5, further comprising:
the thickness of the inductive diaphragm (21) is adjusted such that the thickness of the inductive diaphragm (21) is much smaller than the operating wavelength of the resonator (2).
9. A passband adjusting method according to claim 8, characterised in that the inductive diaphragm (21) is equivalent to a parallel inductance.
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