CN114824387A - Thermoelectric coupling system and method for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with fuel cell - Google Patents
Thermoelectric coupling system and method for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
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- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/1646—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
Abstract
A combined heat and power system and method of coupling agricultural and forestry waste with a fuel cell is provided with a crushing unit, the output end of which is communicated with a thermal electrolysis unit; the gas of the thermal electrolysis unit is connected with the gas storage unit, and the solid-liquid impurity output end is connected with the slag discharging device; the gas storage unit is connected with the dehydration device; the gas outlet of the dehydration device is communicated with the inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device, the desulfurization and decarburization device is communicated with a flame arrester, the flame arrester is communicated with a deoxidation device, the deoxidation device is communicated with a denitrification device, the denitrification device is connected with a gas compression device, the gas compression device is communicated with a gas collection device, the gas collection device is communicated with the inlet of a fuel compressor, and the outlet of the fuel compressor is communicated with the anode inlet of a solid oxide fuel cell unit; the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with the output end of the air compressor; and the current output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is connected with the input end of the inverter module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes, in particular to a thermoelectric coupling system and a thermoelectric coupling method for coupling the agricultural and forestry wastes with a fuel cell.
Background
Along with the urbanization, the acceleration of the industrialization process, the more prominent environmental problems, the increase of carbon emission, the aggravation of greenhouse effect and the like, the key is how to better solve the problems all the time, and China also issues a 'double-carbon' policy. China is a traditional big agricultural country, the quantity of agricultural and forestry wastes (crop straws, animal wastes and the like) generated in agricultural production is large, and the prior modes of burning, landfill and the like can cause secondary environmental pollution, resource waste and the like. How to effectively treat the agricultural and forestry wastes and how to make five types of wastes (fertilizer, feed, base material, raw material and gasification) are a key problem. How to effectively utilize agricultural and forestry wastes is also an important development opportunity.
In the prior art, agricultural and forestry wastes are mainly treated by methods such as direct combustion power generation, gasification power generation, waste incineration power generation and the like, and many problems are faced. Especially, the straw power generation industry has been developed in China for more than ten years, but the development of the industry is not ideal. The investment is large, the economic benefit is low, the energy consumption of the biological power generation is large, the power generation cost is high, the quality is poor, and the profit effect is poor. The power generation technology is backward, the unit efficiency is low, and the comprehensive benefit is not obvious. In the face of increasing flue gas emission standards, the flue gas emission is difficult to reach the standard.
A solid oxide fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device that can generate electricity directly by oxidizing a fuel. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte materials; solid oxide fuel cells have a solid oxide or ceramic electrolyte. The method is characterized in that a solid oxide material is used as an electrolyte. SOFCs use a solid oxide electrolyte to conduct negative oxygen ions from the cathode to the anode. Thus, electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide or other organic intermediates by oxygen ions occurs on the anode side.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly cogeneration system and method for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with a fuel cell, which can generate power by reforming and converting gas generated by pyrolyzing biomass waste and providing fuel for the high-temperature fuel cell, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a combined heat and power system for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with a fuel cell is provided with a crushing unit, wherein the output end of the crushing unit is communicated with an input material port of a thermal electrolysis unit, and the crushed material completes a pyrolysis reaction in the thermal electrolysis unit;
the gas output end of the thermal electrolysis unit is connected with the gas storage unit, and the solid-liquid impurity output end is connected with the input end of the slag discharge device;
the output port of the gas storage unit is connected with the input port of a dehydration device, and the dehydration device is used for removing moisture in the gas;
the gas outlet of the dehydration device is communicated with the inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device after passing through the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device is communicated with the input end of the flame arrester, the outlet of the flame arrester is communicated with the deoxidation device, the outlet of the deoxidation device is communicated with the inlet of the denitrification device, the outlet of the denitrification device is connected with the inlet of the gas compression device, the outlet of the gas compression device is communicated with the gas collection device, the output end of the body collection device is communicated with the inlet of the fuel compressor, and the outlet of the fuel compressor is communicated with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the second heat exchanger;
the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with the output end of the air compressor after passing through the third heat exchanger;
the anode gas output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a first input end of the post combustion chamber, the cathode output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a second input end of the post combustion chamber, and the first output end of the post combustion chamber is communicated with a heat exchange end of the second heat exchange;
and the current output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is connected with the input end of the inverter module.
As an optimization: and the second output end of the rear combustion chamber is communicated with a first heat exchange end group of a fourth heat exchanger, and a second heat exchange end group of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with the heat storage water tank through a pipeline.
As an optimization: the residual gas outlet of the post-combustion chamber is communicated with the input port of the carbon dioxide separation unit, the top of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a feed hopper and a water replenishing port, the bottom of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a waste outlet, the gas outlet of the carbon dioxide separation unit is connected with the output end of the gas collector after passing through the gas separation chamber, and the residual combustible gas is sent to the fuel compressor for continuous utilization.
As an optimization: and a heat energy recovery box is arranged on the outer wall of the shell of the separation chamber in the carbon dioxide separation unit, and the heat energy recovery box is connected with a hot water storage tank in series.
As an optimization: and a heat energy recovery device is arranged on the surface wall of the slag discharging device and is communicated with the hot water storage tank.
A method for coupling a thermoelectric coupling system of an agricultural and forestry waste fuel cell comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pouring agricultural and forestry wastes into a crushing unit for crushing;
step two: feeding the crushed materials into a thermal electrolysis unit for pyrolysis to generate combustible gas, non-combustible gas and solid-liquid impurities;
step three: combustible gas and non-combustible gas enter the gas storage unit for storage, and after solid-liquid impurities enter the slag discharging device to complete heat exchange, the cooled impurities are discharged;
step four: the mixed gas in the gas storage unit passes through a dehydration device to remove water in the gas;
step five: the mixed gas after the moisture is removed is cooled through a first heat exchanger, and the temperature of the mixed gas is further increased by utilizing the waste heat of a dehydration device;
step six: desulfurizing and decarbonizing the mixed gas to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gas;
step seven: the mixed gas enters a deoxidizing device after passing through a flame arrester, and oxygen in the mixed gas is removed;
step eight: the mixed gas enters a denitrification device to remove oxynitride in the mixed gas;
step nine: compressing the mixed gas by a fuel compressor;
step ten: air is compressed by an air compressor;
step eleven: the boosted synthesis gas and air respectively enter the anode and the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the preheater to complete electrochemical reaction and generate electric energy;
step twelve: the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the inverter module and is used by a power load or an on-grid power supply;
step thirteen: the synthesis gas which is not completely reacted after the electrochemical reaction and the air enter a post combustion chamber for full reaction;
fourteen steps: one part of the heat energy generated by the afterburner is sent to the second heat exchanger, and the other part of the heat energy is sent to the fourth heat exchanger to heat hot water for storage;
a fifteenth step: residual gas released by the reaction of the post combustion chamber enters the carbon dioxide separation chamber through a residual gas inlet, and the purified gas is sent to a fuel compressor after separation for continuous use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the solid oxide fuel cell has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection, convenience for modular design, all-solid-state property and the like, does not adopt noble metal as an electrode, greatly reduces the cost, has high waste heat utilization value, can be used for thermoelectric combination, and improves the power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell. By adopting the combined use of heat and electricity, the efficiency can be greatly improved and can reach 85 percent. The method is environment-friendly, reduces carbon, can reduce carbon emission by 40 percent, and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides and solid particles by 100 percent. Through the process, the problems of efficiency, environmental pollution and the like existing at present can be well solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1: a combined heat and power system for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with a fuel cell is provided with a crushing unit, wherein the output end of the crushing unit is communicated with an input material port of a thermal electrolysis unit, and the crushed material completes a pyrolysis reaction in the thermal electrolysis unit; the gas output end of the thermal electrolysis unit is connected with the gas storage unit, and the solid-liquid impurity output end is connected with the input end of the slag discharging device; the output port of the gas storage unit is connected with the input port of a dehydration device, and the dehydration device is used for removing moisture in the gas; the gas outlet of the dehydration device is communicated with the inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device after passing through the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device is communicated with the input end of the flame arrester, the outlet of the flame arrester is communicated with the deoxidation device, the outlet of the deoxidation device is communicated with the inlet of the denitrification device, the outlet of the denitrification device is connected with the inlet of the gas compression device, the outlet of the gas compression device is communicated with the gas collection device, the output end of the body collection device is communicated with the inlet of the fuel compressor, and the outlet of the fuel compressor is communicated with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the second heat exchanger; the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with the output end of the air compressor after passing through the third heat exchanger; the anode gas output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a first input end of the post combustion chamber, the cathode output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a second input end of the post combustion chamber, and the first output end of the post combustion chamber is communicated with a heat exchange end of the second heat exchange; and the current output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is connected with the input end of the inverter module.
And the second output end of the rear combustion chamber is communicated with a first heat exchange end group of a fourth heat exchanger, and a second heat exchange end group of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with the heat storage water tank through a pipeline.
The residual gas outlet of the post-combustion chamber is communicated with the input port of the carbon dioxide separation unit, the top of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a feed hopper and a water replenishing port, the bottom of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a waste outlet, the gas outlet of the carbon dioxide separation unit is connected with the output end of the gas collector after passing through the gas separation chamber, and the residual combustible gas is sent to the fuel compressor for continuous utilization.
And a heat energy recovery box is arranged on the outer wall of the shell of the separation chamber in the carbon dioxide separation unit, and the heat energy recovery box is connected with a hot water storage tank in series.
And a heat energy recovery device is arranged on the surface wall of the slag discharging device and is communicated with the hot water storage tank.
The method for coupling the agricultural and forestry waste with the thermoelectric coupling system of the fuel cell comprises the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: pouring agricultural and forestry wastes into a crushing unit for crushing;
step two: feeding the crushed materials into a thermal electrolysis unit for pyrolysis to generate combustible gas, non-combustible gas and solid-liquid impurities;
step three: combustible gas and non-combustible gas enter the gas storage unit for storage, and after solid-liquid impurities enter the slag discharging device to complete heat exchange, the cooled impurities are discharged;
step four: the mixed gas in the gas storage unit passes through a dehydration device to remove water in the gas;
step five: the mixed gas after the moisture is removed is cooled through a first heat exchanger, and the temperature of the mixed gas is further increased by utilizing the waste heat of a dehydration device;
step six: desulfurizing and decarbonizing the mixed gas to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gas;
step seven: the mixed gas enters a deoxidizing device after passing through a flame arrester, and oxygen in the mixed gas is removed;
step eight: the mixed gas enters a denitrification device to remove oxynitride in the mixed gas;
step nine: compressing the mixed gas by a fuel compressor;
step ten: air is compressed by an air compressor;
step eleven: the boosted synthesis gas and air respectively enter the anode and the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the preheater to complete electrochemical reaction and generate electric energy;
step twelve: the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the inverter module and is used by a power load or an on-grid power supply;
step thirteen: the synthesis gas which is not completely reacted after the electrochemical reaction and the air enter a post combustion chamber for full reaction;
fourteen steps: one part of the heat energy generated by the afterburner is sent to the second heat exchanger, and the other part of the heat energy is sent to the fourth heat exchanger to heat hot water for storage;
a fifteenth step: residual gas released by the reaction of the post combustion chamber enters the carbon dioxide separation chamber through a residual gas inlet, and the purified gas is sent to a fuel compressor after separation for continuous use.
And (3) pouring the agricultural and forestry waste into the feeding hole, starting the rotating motor, and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste through the shearing force of the crushing teeth fixedly arranged on the crushing rod.
After the crushing is finished, the thinned agricultural and forestry waste enters a heating combustion device, and is subjected to pyrolysis reaction at high temperature to generate a series of gases. The agricultural and forestry waste pyrolysis gas mainly comprises combustible gas and non-combustible gas, and also comprises a small amount of solid impurities and liquid impurities. The combustible gas mainly comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide, low molecular hydrocarbons and the like. The non-combustible gases are mainly carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen and water vapour. The solid impurities mainly comprise ash and fine carbon particles, and the liquid impurities mainly comprise tar and moisture.
Slag generated after pyrolysis enters a slag discharging device, the temperature of water injected into the heat-insulating water jacket through the water injection tank is raised by heat generated by the slag, finally generated hot water enters the water storage tank through the water outlet pipe, and cooled slag is discharged through the discharge hole.
The crushing device comprises a placing box, a feeding hole, a power box, a crushing rod and a rotating motor, wherein the bottom of the feeding hole is communicated with the top of the placing box; the power box is fixedly arranged on one side of the placing box; the rotating motor is fixedly arranged in the power box; the rotating motor is connected with the crushing rod through a coupler; the crushing rod penetrates through the shell of the power box; the crushing rod and the shell are provided with bearings, and the crushing rod is fixedly provided with crushing teeth.
The pyrolysis device comprises a combustion box and an air outlet. The side wall of the combustion box is communicated with the air outlet.
The heat recovery device comprises a slag discharge device, a heat preservation water jacket, a water injection tank, a water storage tank, a water injection pipe and a water outlet pipe. The bottom end of the combustion box is fixedly connected with a slag discharging device, the bottom of the slag discharging device is sleeved with a heat-insulating water jacket, a water inlet and a water outlet are fixedly installed on the side wall of the heat-insulating water jacket, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe and are respectively connected with a water injection tank and a water storage tank.
The gas generated after pyrolysis enters a gas storage cabinet, is compressed by a gas compressor, then enters a separation device to separate solid impurities and liquid impurities, and then passes through a dehydration device to remove moisture in the gas and absorb and store a large amount of heat, and a flame arrester is arranged between the dehydration device and the decarburization device and is used for preventing flame from reversely propagating in a pipeline; the heat exchanger is communicated with the flame arrester and the dehydration device, and the heat stored in the dehydration device is recycled to improve the temperature of the mixed gas; the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide removing device is communicated with the heat exchanger and is used for removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gas; the device for removing oxygen and nitrogen oxides is communicated with the decarburization and desulfurization device and is used for removing oxygen and nitrogen oxides in the gas; and the collecting device is communicated with the device for removing oxygen and nitrogen oxides and is used for collecting the purified gas.
The gas compressor is composed of a filtering pipeline and a filter screen, the gas compressor blows gas to be purified into the pipeline, and the filter screen is arranged in the pipeline. By using the principle of gravity sedimentation, the density difference between the particles and the fluid causes the particles to move relatively and settle. Impurity liquid (tar and moisture) and impurity solid (ash and fine carbon particles) contained in the gas to be purified are discharged from the lower port, and the mixed gas enters a dehydration device.
The dehydration device for purification mainly comprises a gas distribution box, a gas purification dehydration element, a control element and a power supply; the side wall of the gas distribution box is provided with a gas inlet, the upper end of the gas distribution box is provided with a gas outlet, the lower end of the gas distribution box is provided with a liquid outlet, the gas inlet and the gas outlet are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the gas distribution box is internally provided with a multistage heat preservation shell (3-5 layers) and 2-3 layers of filter screens arranged between the shells. The gas purification dehydration element is arranged on the inner side wall of each shell of the gas distribution box and used for cooling and dehydrating gas entering the gas distribution box, the principle of absorption refrigeration is adopted, a cavity filled with condensed water is arranged on the outer layer of the gas distribution box and used as a condenser, and the gas purification dehydration element is connected with each shell and the heat exchanger through pipelines. The intelligent control element comprises a refrigerator controller, a pressure sensor arranged at a gas outlet and a display screen; the refrigerating temperatures of the adjusting refrigerators are different and are sequentially reduced, the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator close to the outer side of the gas distribution box is the highest, and the refrigerating temperature in the innermost refrigerating dehydration cavity is the lowest. The power supply provides power for the refrigerator, the pressure sensor and the display screen.
The dehydration device adopts a condensation dehydration method to separate water vapor from the mixed gas. Adopt multistage shell structure, multistage cooling, the comdenstion water is stored a large amount of heat recovery that the pyrolysis released and is transported to the heat exchanger release and reach cyclic utilization's purpose, and the skin sets up the temperature the highest, and the inlayer sets up the temperature the lowest, and the temperature successive layer reduces. The filter screen is filled in each layer, so that water vapor is fully absorbed, water flows out from the lower opening, and the mixed gas is collected from the upper opening.
The heat exchanger is connected with the condenser in the dehydration device, and the heat absorbed and stored by the condensed water is used for increasing the temperature of the mixed gas by the principle of heat transfer by direct contact of cold fluid and hot fluid. The recycling embodies the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection.
The device for removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide comprises a desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower, a flow distribution valve and a temperature monitor. The internal structure of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower is formed by adopting a spiral reaction interlayer from bottom to top in a dividing way, so that carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are fully absorbed; the bottom of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower is provided with an air inlet, and an air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower; the top of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower is provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is provided with a flow distribution valve, the flow distribution valve is a three-way valve, one outlet of the flow distribution valve is connected with the gas outlet at the top of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is connected with a liquid inlet pipe. And a temperature monitor is also arranged between the air outlet of the heat exchanger and the air inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower.
The device for removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide adopts an alcohol amine method and takes an alcohol amine alkalescent aqueous solution as an absorbent, the internal structure adopts a spiral reaction interlayer, the absorbent is filled in a liquid inlet pipe of a flow distribution valve, and gas to be evolved is introduced into a desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower through an air inlet and reacts with the absorbent alcohol amine alkalescent aqueous solution to fully absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The absorbent is effective in absorbing hydrogen sulfide, but the absorption rate is greatly affected by temperature in the reaction with carbon dioxide. Therefore, the heat exchanger and the temperature monitor are arranged in front of the absorption device to properly increase the temperature and improve the absorption efficiency.
The device for removing oxygen and nitrogen oxides consists of two parts, namely a part A and a part B.
The tower bottom of the A absorption tower is provided with an air inlet, and an air outlet at the top of the desulfurization and decarburization absorption tower is connected with an air inlet of the A tower of the deoxygenation and oxynitride device;
the tower top of the absorption tower A is provided with a gas outlet, and a gas inlet of the gas flow control valve is connected with the gas outlet of the tower A;
filling honeycomb-hole-shaped Fe/Ni and zeolite serving as catalysts in a tower A of the oxygen and nitrogen compound removing device, fully reacting nitrogen and oxygen compounds, particularly NO, and absorbing oxygen in the mixed gas;
a gas flow control valve is arranged between the tower A and the tower B, and the gas outlet of the gas flow control valve is connected with the gas inlet of the tower B; the device is used for controlling the flow rate of the mixed gas from the tower A to the tower B;
the tower B gas inlet of the oxygen and nitrogen oxide removing device is connected with the tower A gas outlet of the oxygen and nitrogen oxide removing device;
cerium oxide particles or powder are attached to the inner wall of the tower B of the oxygen and nitrogen oxide removal device to serve as an adsorbent of NO 2.
A gas outlet is arranged at the top of the absorption tower B, and the gas collector is connected with the gas outlet of the tower B;
the device for removing oxygen and nitrogen oxides comprises the following two-stage process:
the first stage, removing oxygen in the gas; fully reacting oxynitride with oxygen to convert into NO 2 Thereby not only achieving the purpose of absorbing oxygen, but also converting oxynitride into nitrogen dioxide to be used as a second-stage reaction bedding.
And the second stage, removing nitrogen dioxide in the gas. The purpose of removing oxygen and nitrogen oxide is achieved.
The purified synthesis gas and air are respectively compressed by a compressor to increase the pressure so as to overcome the pressure loss of each device, the boosted synthesis gas and air respectively pass through a preheater and then enter the anode and the cathode of the SOFC, the synthesis gas and air which are not completely reacted after electrochemical reaction enter a post-combustion chamber for full reaction, direct current generated by the SOFC is connected into an inverter bridge after passing through a filter and then is converted into alternating current, and the alternating current is connected into a power grid through a transformer and a relay to supply power to users.
One part of heat released by the post-combustion chamber is used for providing heat for the heat exchanger, the other part of the heat is introduced into a cooling liquid circulating pipeline installed outside the fuel pool, heat exchange is carried out on the heat of the cooling liquid and low-temperature water through the heat exchanger, the heat can be converted into hot water for use, a circulating water system is additionally arranged in the heat storage water tank, and a water pump is additionally arranged to circulate cooling water. In order to ensure the temperature of the hot water, a temperature monitoring device and an electric heating device are arranged in the water storage tank, and a temperature display and heating regulation are arranged outside the water storage tank.
Residual gas released by reaction enters a carbon dioxide separation chamber through a residual gas inlet, quicklime powder is put into a chamber by a quicklime hopper, a proper amount of water mist is sprayed from a water replenishing port, carbon dioxide and water in the residual gas react with calcium oxide to generate calcium carbonate precipitate, the calcium carbonate precipitate is discharged from a waste discharge valve of the carbon dioxide separation chamber under the action of gravity, a communication valve at a product gas outlet is opened, the residual gas enters a product gas outlet channel, part of water vapor contained in the gas is condensed into water drops in the product gas outlet channel and flows back to the carbon dioxide separation chamber, the residual gas passes through an activated carbon adsorption filter to adsorb residual trace carbon dioxide and a small amount of water molecules, and finally the residual gas (hydrogen, methane and the like) returns to an impurity removal link through an output channel to be reused. Cold water enters from a liquid inlet of the heat energy recovery box, stays in the heat energy recovery box for enough time, the cold water has enough time to exchange heat with heat emitted from the carbon dioxide separation chamber, the heat is transferred to the cold water in the heat energy recovery box, and the heated water flows out of the heat energy recovery box from the liquid outlet to finish heat energy recovery of the product mixed gas.
Claims (6)
1. A combined heat and power system for coupling agricultural and forestry waste with a fuel cell is characterized in that: the output end of the crushing unit is communicated with the material input port of the thermal electrolysis unit, and the crushed material completes the pyrolysis reaction in the thermal electrolysis unit;
the gas output end of the thermal electrolysis unit is connected with the gas storage unit, and the solid-liquid impurity output end is connected with the input end of the slag discharging device;
the output port of the gas storage unit is connected with the input port of a dehydration device, and the dehydration device is used for removing moisture in the gas;
the gas outlet of the dehydration device is communicated with the inlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device after passing through the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the desulfurization and decarburization device is communicated with the input end of the flame arrester, the outlet of the flame arrester is communicated with the deoxidation device, the outlet of the deoxidation device is communicated with the inlet of the denitrification device, the outlet of the denitrification device is connected with the inlet of the gas compression device, the outlet of the gas compression device is communicated with the gas collection device, the output end of the body collection device is communicated with the inlet of the fuel compressor, and the outlet of the fuel compressor is communicated with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the second heat exchanger;
the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with the output end of the air compressor after passing through the third heat exchanger;
the anode gas output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a first input end of the post combustion chamber, the cathode output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is communicated with a second input end of the post combustion chamber, and the first output end of the post combustion chamber is communicated with a heat exchange end of the second heat exchange;
and the current output end of the solid oxide fuel cell unit is connected with the input end of the inverter module.
2. The combined heat and power system of claim 1, wherein the combined heat and power system comprises: and the second output end of the rear combustion chamber is communicated with a first heat exchange end group of a fourth heat exchanger, and a second heat exchange end group of the fourth heat exchanger is communicated with the heat storage water tank through a pipeline.
3. The combined heat and power system of claim 1, wherein the combined heat and power system comprises: the residual gas outlet of the post-combustion chamber is communicated with the input port of the carbon dioxide separation unit, the top of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a feed hopper and a water replenishing port, the bottom of the carbon dioxide separation unit is provided with a waste outlet, the gas outlet of the carbon dioxide separation unit is connected with the output end of the gas collector after passing through the gas separation chamber, and the residual combustible gas is sent to the fuel compressor for continuous utilization.
4. The combined heat and power system of claim 3, wherein the combined heat and power system comprises: and a heat energy recovery box is arranged on the outer wall of the shell of the separation chamber in the carbon dioxide separation unit, and the heat energy recovery box is connected with a hot water storage tank in series.
5. The combined heat and power system of claim 4, wherein the combined heat and power system comprises: and a heat energy recovery device is arranged on the surface wall of the slag discharging device and is communicated with the hot water storage tank.
6. The method for coupling the agricultural and forestry waste with the thermoelectric combination system of the fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pouring agricultural and forestry wastes into a crushing unit for crushing;
step two: feeding the crushed materials into a thermal electrolysis unit for pyrolysis to generate combustible gas, non-combustible gas and solid-liquid impurities;
step three: combustible gas and non-combustible gas enter the gas storage unit for storage, and after solid-liquid impurities enter the slag discharging device to complete heat exchange, the cooled impurities are discharged;
step four: the mixed gas in the gas storage unit passes through a dehydration device to remove water in the gas;
step five: the mixed gas after the moisture is removed is cooled through a first heat exchanger, and the temperature of the mixed gas is further increased by utilizing the waste heat of a dehydration device;
step six: desulfurizing and decarbonizing the mixed gas to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gas;
step seven: the mixed gas enters a deoxidizing device after passing through a flame arrester, and oxygen in the mixed gas is removed;
step eight: the mixed gas enters a denitrification device to remove oxynitride in the mixed gas;
step nine: compressing the mixed gas by a fuel compressor;
step ten: air is compressed by an air compressor;
step eleven: the boosted synthesis gas and air respectively enter the anode and the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell unit after passing through the preheater to complete electrochemical reaction and generate electric energy;
step twelve: the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the inverter module and is used by a power load or an on-grid power supply;
step thirteen: the synthesis gas which is not completely reacted after the electrochemical reaction and the air enter a post combustion chamber for full reaction;
fourteen steps: one part of the heat energy generated by the afterburner is sent to the second heat exchanger, and the other part of the heat energy is sent to the fourth heat exchanger to heat hot water for storage;
step fifteen: residual gas released by the reaction of the post combustion chamber enters the carbon dioxide separation chamber through a residual gas inlet, and the purified gas is sent to a fuel compressor after separation for continuous use.
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| CN116571012B (en) * | 2023-04-08 | 2024-05-14 | 山东凯格瑞森能源科技有限公司 | Gas-water separation device |
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| CN114824387B (en) | 2024-02-09 |
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