CN114815041A - Graphene micro-nano optical fiber polarizer - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光电子技术领域，具体涉及一种石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器。The invention belongs to the technical field of optoelectronics, and in particular relates to a graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer.
背景技术Background technique
偏振器可以使得任意偏振状态的入射光转换成为特定偏振的出射光，从而实现对入射光偏振状态的操控，可广泛应用于传感、光通信等领域；特别在光通信领域，量子通信等新类型光通信技术需要利用光的偏振态进行信息的产生和传输，传统的偏振器如利用具有各向异性吸收的材料制成的偏振片或基于双折射制成的棱镜型偏振器都不利于光学系统的集成；基于此，目前用于光通信系统中操控入射光偏振状态的偏振器件大多为基于光纤器件引入双折射效应制成的保偏光纤。The polarizer can convert the incident light of any polarization state into the outgoing light of a specific polarization, thereby realizing the manipulation of the polarization state of the incident light, and can be widely used in the fields of sensing, optical communication, etc.; especially in the field of optical communication, new technologies such as quantum communication. Type Optical communication technology needs to use the polarization state of light for information generation and transmission, traditional polarizers such as polarizers made of materials with anisotropic absorption or prism-type polarizers based on birefringence are not conducive to optical System integration; based on this, most of the polarization devices currently used to control the polarization state of incident light in optical communication systems are polarization-maintaining fibers made by introducing birefringence effect based on fiber devices.
石墨烯是碳原子以sp2方式杂化并排列成六方对称周期性结构的二维原子晶体，具有卓越的光学、电学及热学性质；例如，石墨烯具有双极型输运特性，其载流子迁移率高达106cm2 v-1s-1，远高于如硅等传统的半导体材料；在光学性质方面，其独特的线性能带结构带来了许多优异的性质，石墨烯在可见光、近红外波段的光吸收率为2.3％/层，使其在光通信领域具有极大发展前景；2011年有研究团队提出了一种基于石墨烯的光纤偏振器：石墨烯被设置在侧剖光纤的表面，当一束圆偏振光入射时，由于石墨烯与光的相互作用，垂直于石墨烯表面的偏振光分量损耗很大，而平行于石墨烯表面的偏振光分量损耗较小而得以通过，最终输出一束偏振方向平行于石墨烯表面的偏振光，这表明了石墨烯具有偏振选择吸收性；这是被报导的第一个利用石墨烯结合光纤制成的光纤偏振器件，为石墨烯结合微纳光纤用以制成新型光纤偏振器件提供了基础。Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal in which carbon atoms are hybridized in a sp 2 manner and arranged into a hexagonally symmetrical periodic structure. It has excellent optical, electrical and thermal properties; The electron mobility is as high as 10 6 cm 2 v -1 s -1 , which is much higher than that of traditional semiconductor materials such as silicon; in terms of optical properties, its unique linear band structure brings many excellent properties. , The light absorption rate in the near-infrared band is 2.3%/layer, which makes it have great development prospects in the field of optical communication; in 2011, a research team proposed a graphene-based fiber polarizer: the graphene is set in a side profile On the surface of the optical fiber, when a beam of circularly polarized light is incident, due to the interaction between graphene and light, the loss of the polarized light component perpendicular to the graphene surface is large, while the loss of the polarized light component parallel to the graphene surface is small. After passing through, a beam of polarized light with the polarization direction parallel to the graphene surface is finally output, which indicates that graphene has polarization selective absorption; this is the first reported optical fiber polarization device made of graphene combined with optical fiber, which is graphite The ethylene-bonded micro-nano fibers provide the basis for the fabrication of novel optical fiber polarizers.
微纳光纤是一类具有微结构的光纤，包括沿着光纤长度方向上排列一些空气孔；本发明涉及的微纳光纤，在一个实心的二氧化硅纤芯周围引入低折射率的空气孔，可使得光被主要限制在纤芯内传播；这种微纳光纤对于空气孔的排布要求并不严苛，因此具有较大的设计空间，可以通过调整空气孔的形状、大小来实现无截止单模、大模场面积以及可调节色散等优异功能；因此，改变这种微纳光纤在某一方向上的空气孔形状，如将原本的圆形空气孔改为矩形形状，将导致这种微纳光纤在横向和纵向上的结构不对称，从而提高其双折射效应；同时，如果在改变了形状的空气孔中设置石墨烯，由于石墨烯不改变微纳光纤中原本的传输模式且具有偏振吸收不对称性，则可以实现一种高双折射、高消光比、不破坏光纤结构、不破坏光原本传输模式、宽工作波段(1260nm～2000nm)、易集成的高效偏振器。The micro-nano fiber is a type of optical fiber with a microstructure, including some air holes arranged along the length of the fiber; the micro-nano fiber involved in the present invention introduces low-refractive index air holes around a solid silica fiber core, The light can be mainly restricted to propagate in the fiber core; this kind of micro-nano fiber does not have strict requirements for the arrangement of air holes, so it has a large design space, and can achieve no cut-off by adjusting the shape and size of the air holes It has excellent functions such as single mode, large mode field area and adjustable dispersion; therefore, changing the air hole shape of this micro-nano fiber in a certain direction, such as changing the original circular air hole to a rectangular shape, will lead to this kind of micro-nano fiber. The structure of the nanofiber is asymmetric in the transverse and longitudinal directions, thereby improving its birefringence effect; at the same time, if graphene is arranged in the air hole whose shape has been changed, since graphene does not change the original transmission mode in the micro-nanofiber and has polarization Absorption asymmetry can realize a high-efficiency polarizer with high birefringence, high extinction ratio, no damage to the fiber structure, no damage to the original transmission mode of light, wide working band (1260nm-2000nm), and easy integration.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
(一)本发明要解决的技术问题：(1) technical problem to be solved by the present invention:
传统的偏振器如利用具有各向异性吸收的材料制成的偏振片或基于双折射制成的棱镜型偏振器均不利于光学系统的集成；本发明提供了一种石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，基于微纳光纤，在其二氧化硅纤芯周围引入低折射率的空气孔，可使得光被主要限制在纤芯内传播；通过改变空气孔的形状，使得微纳光纤在横向和纵向上的结构不对称，从而提高其双折射效应；同时在改变了形状的空气孔中设置石墨烯，以实现一种高双折射、高消光比、不破坏光纤结构、不破坏光原本传输模式、宽工作波段、易集成的高效偏振器。Traditional polarizers such as polarizers made of materials with anisotropic absorption or prismatic polarizers based on birefringence are not conducive to the integration of optical systems; the invention provides a graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer , based on the micro-nano fiber, the introduction of low-refractive index air holes around the silica core can make the light mainly confined in the core to propagate; by changing the shape of the air holes, the micro-nano fiber can be laterally and longitudinally The structure is asymmetric, so as to improve its birefringence effect; at the same time, graphene is arranged in the air hole with changed shape to achieve a high birefringence, high extinction ratio, no damage to the fiber structure, no damage to the original transmission mode of light, wide High-efficiency polarizer with working band and easy integration.
(二)为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：(2) in order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted the following technical solutions:
石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，包括微纳光纤，所述微纳光纤内设置有实心的二氧化硅纤芯，所述微纳光纤内开设有若干空气孔，所述空气孔包括圆形空气孔和矩形空气孔，所述矩形空气孔内设置有石墨烯薄膜。A graphene micro-nano optical fiber polarizer, including a micro-nano optical fiber, a solid silica fiber core is arranged in the micro-nano optical fiber, a number of air holes are opened in the micro-nano optical fiber, and the air holes include circular air holes and a rectangular air hole, wherein a graphene film is arranged in the rectangular air hole.
优选的，所述空气孔环绕在二氧化硅纤芯周围并呈周期分布，形成一个等效的光纤包层。Preferably, the air holes surround the silica core and are periodically distributed to form an equivalent fiber cladding.
优选的，所述矩形空气孔对称设置在二氧化硅纤芯两侧的横向位置上。Preferably, the rectangular air holes are symmetrically arranged at lateral positions on both sides of the silica core.
优选的，所述石墨烯薄膜设置在矩形空气孔的两条对边处。Preferably, the graphene film is arranged at two opposite sides of the rectangular air hole.
优选的，所述石墨烯薄膜的厚度为1层～2000层不等。Preferably, the graphene film has a thickness ranging from 1 layer to 2000 layers.
优选的，石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器的使用方法，包括如下步骤：Preferably, the use method of the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer comprises the following steps:
A1、具有任意偏振态的入射光在微纳光纤中传播，由于空气孔环绕二氧化硅纤芯周围周期分布等效于微纳光纤的包层，使入射光被限制在微纳光纤的二氧化硅纤芯中传播；A1. Incident light with any polarization state propagates in the micro-nano fiber. Since the periodic distribution of air holes around the silica core is equivalent to the cladding of the micro-nano fiber, the incident light is confined to the dioxide of the micro-nano fiber. Propagation in the silicon fiber core;
A2、入射光在传播过程中，二氧化硅纤芯中的部分光会进入周围的空气孔中，并迅速衰减，形成倏逝波；A2. During the propagation of the incident light, part of the light in the silica core will enter the surrounding air holes and attenuate rapidly to form evanescent waves;
A3、倏逝波与空气孔中的石墨烯薄膜发生相互作用，对微纳光纤中传导的光造成吸收损耗；A3. The evanescent wave interacts with the graphene film in the air hole, causing absorption loss to the light transmitted in the micro-nano fiber;
A4、同时，石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器吸收偏振方向平行于石墨烯表面的线偏振光，使得传导光的横向偏振方向分量损耗至零，而纵向偏振方向的分量则几乎不受影响得以正常通过，由此实现偏振滤波。A4. At the same time, the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer absorbs linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to the graphene surface, so that the transverse polarization direction component of the transmitted light is lost to zero, while the longitudinal polarization direction component is almost unaffected and can pass normally. , thereby realizing polarization filtering.
(三)本发明的有益效果包括以下四点：(3) the beneficial effects of the present invention include the following four points:
(1)本发明通过改变微纳光纤在某一方向上的空气孔形状，将原本的圆形空气孔改为矩形空气孔，使得微纳光纤在横向和纵向上的结构不对称，从而提高其双折射效应。(1) The present invention changes the air hole shape of the micro-nano fiber in a certain direction, and changes the original circular air hole into a rectangular air hole, so that the structure of the micro-nano fiber in the lateral and longitudinal directions is asymmetric, thereby improving its dual refraction effect.
(2)本发明通过在改变了形状的矩形空气孔中设置有石墨烯薄膜，由于石墨烯薄膜不改变微纳光纤中原本的传输模式且具有偏振吸收不对称性，因此可以实现一种高双折射、高消光比、不破坏光纤结构、不破坏光原本传输模式、宽工作波段且易集成的高效偏振器。(2) In the present invention, a graphene film is arranged in the rectangular air hole whose shape has been changed. Since the graphene film does not change the original transmission mode in the micro-nano fiber and has polarization absorption asymmetry, a high dual-mode optical fiber can be realized. High-efficiency polarizer with refraction, high extinction ratio, no damage to the fiber structure, no damage to the original transmission mode of light, wide working band and easy integration.
(3)本发明中的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，由于石墨烯对于光的吸收具有偏振选择性，因此其吸收偏振方向平行于其表面的线偏振光，使得传导光的横向偏振方向分量损耗至零，而纵向偏振方向的分量则几乎不受影响得以正常通过，由此实现偏振滤波。(3) In the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer of the present invention, since graphene has polarization selectivity for light absorption, it absorbs linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to its surface, so that the lateral polarization direction component of the transmitted light is lost. to zero, and the component in the longitudinal polarization direction is almost unaffected and can pass normally, thereby realizing polarization filtering.
(4)本发明提供的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，与光纤光路系统耦合方便，工作频带宽，消光比高，可广泛用于光纤通信和光纤传感等领域。(4) The graphene micro-nano optical fiber polarizer provided by the present invention is convenient to couple with the optical fiber optical path system, has a wide operating frequency band and a high extinction ratio, and can be widely used in the fields of optical fiber communication and optical fiber sensing.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提出的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer proposed by the present invention;
图2为本发明提出的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器的工作示意图。Fig. 2 is the working schematic diagram of the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer proposed by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
请参阅图1，石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，包括微纳光纤，所述微纳光纤内设置有实心的二氧化硅纤芯，所述微纳光纤内开设有若干空气孔，所述空气孔包括圆形空气孔和矩形空气孔，所述矩形空气孔内设置有石墨烯薄膜；Please refer to FIG. 1, a graphene micro-nano optical fiber polarizer, including a micro-nano optical fiber, a solid silica fiber core is arranged in the micro-nano optical fiber, a number of air holes are opened in the micro-nano optical fiber, and the air holes Including a circular air hole and a rectangular air hole, the rectangular air hole is provided with a graphene film;
所述空气孔环绕在二氧化硅纤芯周围并呈周期分布，形成一个等效的光纤包层；The air holes surround the silica fiber core and are periodically distributed to form an equivalent fiber cladding;
所述矩形空气孔对称设置在二氧化硅纤芯两侧的横向位置上，其余空气孔设置为圆形空气孔；The rectangular air holes are symmetrically arranged at lateral positions on both sides of the silica fiber core, and the remaining air holes are arranged as circular air holes;
所述石墨烯薄膜设置在矩形空气孔的两条对边处；The graphene film is arranged at two opposite sides of the rectangular air hole;
所述石墨烯薄膜的厚度为1层～2000层不等。The thickness of the graphene film ranges from 1 layer to 2000 layers.
本发明提供的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器，与光纤光路系统耦合方便，工作频带宽，消光比高，可广泛用于光纤通信和光纤传感等领域；The graphene micro-nano optical fiber polarizer provided by the invention has the advantages of convenient coupling with the optical fiber optical path system, wide operating frequency band, high extinction ratio, and can be widely used in the fields of optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing and the like;
本发明涉及的微纳光纤是一类具有微结构的光纤，包括一个实心的二氧化硅纤芯，并在二氧化硅纤芯周围引入低折射率的空气孔，可使得光被主要限制在纤芯内传播；The micro-nano optical fiber involved in the present invention is a kind of optical fiber with microstructure, including a solid silica core, and air holes with low refractive index are introduced around the silica core, so that light is mainly confined in the fiber. In-core propagation;
这种微纳光纤对于空气孔的排布要求并不严苛，因此具有较大的设计空间，可以通过调整空气孔的形状、大小来实现无截止单模、大模场面积以及可调节色散等优异功能；因此，本发明通过改变这种微纳光纤在某一方向上的空气孔形状，将原本的圆形空气孔改为矩形空气孔，将导致这种微纳光纤在横向和纵向上的结构不对称，从而提高其双折射效应；同时，本发明通过在改变了形状的矩形空气孔中设置有石墨烯薄膜，由于石墨烯薄膜不改变微纳光纤中原本的传输模式且具有偏振吸收不对称性，因此可以实现一种高双折射、高消光比、不破坏光纤结构、不破坏光原本传输模式、宽工作波段(1260nm～2000nm)且易集成的高效偏振器。This kind of micro-nano fiber does not have strict requirements for the arrangement of air holes, so it has a large design space. By adjusting the shape and size of the air holes, it can achieve non-cut-off single mode, large mode field area and adjustable dispersion, etc. Excellent function; therefore, the present invention changes the original circular air hole into a rectangular air hole by changing the air hole shape of the micro-nano fiber in a certain direction, which will lead to the structure of the micro-nano fiber in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Asymmetric, thereby improving its birefringence effect; at the same time, in the present invention, a graphene film is arranged in the changed shape of the rectangular air hole, because the graphene film does not change the original transmission mode in the micro-nano fiber and has polarization absorption asymmetry Therefore, a high-efficiency polarizer with high birefringence, high extinction ratio, no damage to the optical fiber structure, no damage to the original transmission mode of light, wide working band (1260nm-2000nm) and easy integration can be realized.
实施例2：Example 2:
基于实施例1又有所不同的是：石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器的具体结构特征如下：What is different based on Embodiment 1 is that the specific structural features of the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer are as follows:
(1)在微纳光纤的基础上，将其靠近二氧化硅纤芯处的横向空气孔更改为矩形空气孔；(1) On the basis of the micro-nano fiber, the lateral air hole near the silica core is changed to a rectangular air hole;
(2)在所述矩形空气孔的上下两条对边处设置连续的单层或多层石墨烯薄膜，从而得到石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器；(2) setting continuous single-layer or multi-layer graphene films at the upper and lower two opposite sides of the rectangular air hole, thereby obtaining a graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer;
利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件采用有限元法对本发明提出的结构进行仿真模拟计算，得到TE模式和TM模式的折射率差为1.69×10-3，消光比为32.02dB/mm(仿真条件为：入射光波长为1550nm；空气孔直径为1μm，空气孔间距为1.55μm；石墨烯层数为10层并添加在矩形孔的上下两条对边处，费米能级为0eV)；Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the finite element method is used to simulate the structure proposed by the present invention, and it is obtained that the refractive index difference between the TE mode and the TM mode is 1.69×10 -3 , and the extinction ratio is 32.02dB/mm (the simulation conditions are: the wavelength of the incident light). is 1550nm; the air hole diameter is 1μm, and the air hole spacing is 1.55μm; the number of graphene layers is 10 and added at the upper and lower two opposite sides of the rectangular hole, and the Fermi level is 0eV);
在可见光、近红外波段，石墨烯对于偏振方向平行于其表面平面的线偏振光的吸收损耗远大于其他偏振方向的线偏振光；因此，微纳光纤纤芯周围的横向空气孔需要改为矩形形状，并在横向边处设置有石墨烯薄膜，以保证石墨烯对于偏振方向平行于其表面平面的线偏振光的吸收损耗；为了保证石墨烯的偏振吸收效果，圆形空气孔中不布置石墨烯层，仅在矩形孔内设置石墨烯层。In the visible and near-infrared bands, the absorption loss of graphene for linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to its surface plane is much greater than that for linearly polarized light in other polarization directions; therefore, the lateral air holes around the micro-nano fiber core need to be changed to a rectangular shape shape, and a graphene film is arranged at the lateral edge to ensure the absorption loss of graphene for linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to its surface plane; in order to ensure the polarization absorption effect of graphene, no graphite is arranged in the circular air holes Graphene layer, only the graphene layer is arranged in the rectangular hole.
实施例3：Example 3:
基于实施例1-2又有所不同的是：石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器的使用方法，包括如下步骤：What is different based on embodiment 1-2 is: the use method of graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer, comprising the following steps:
(1)具有任意偏振态的入射光在微纳光纤中传播，由于空气孔环绕二氧化硅纤芯周围周期分布等效于微纳光纤的包层，使入射光被限制在微纳光纤的二氧化硅纤芯中传播；(1) The incident light with any polarization state propagates in the micro-nano fiber. Since the periodic distribution of air holes around the silica core is equivalent to the cladding of the micro-nano fiber, the incident light is confined to the two sides of the micro-nano fiber. Propagation in the silica fiber core;
(2)根据光纤导光的全反射原理，入射光在传播过程中，二氧化硅纤芯中的部分光会进入其周围的空气孔中，并迅速衰减，形成倏逝波；(2) According to the principle of total reflection of optical fiber guide light, during the propagation of incident light, part of the light in the silica core will enter the air holes around it, and attenuate rapidly to form an evanescent wave;
(3)由于微纳光纤的二氧化硅纤芯周围的矩形空气孔中设置有石墨烯薄膜，倏逝波与空气孔中的石墨烯薄膜可以发生相互作用，对微纳光纤中传导的光造成吸收损耗；(3) Since the rectangular air hole around the silica core of the micro-nano fiber is provided with a graphene thin film, the evanescent wave can interact with the graphene thin film in the air hole, which can cause damage to the light transmitted in the micro-nano fiber. absorption loss;
(4)同时，由于石墨烯对于不同偏振状态下的光的吸收损耗相差很大，即石墨烯对于光的吸收具有偏振选择性，因此石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器吸收偏振方向平行于其表面的线偏振光，使得传导光的横向偏振方向分量损耗至零，而纵向偏振方向的分量则几乎不受影响得以正常通过，由此实现偏振滤波；(4) At the same time, since the absorption loss of graphene for light in different polarization states is very different, that is, graphene has polarization selectivity for light absorption, so the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer absorbs light with a polarization direction parallel to its surface. Linearly polarized light, so that the transverse polarization direction component of the transmitted light is lost to zero, while the longitudinal polarization direction component is almost unaffected and can pass normally, thus realizing polarization filtering;
如图2所示，一束偏振态为圆偏振的入射光进入本发明中的石墨烯微纳光纤偏振器中，由于石墨烯的偏振吸收不对称性与高消光比，得到一束偏振态为线偏振的出射光。As shown in Figure 2, a beam of incident light whose polarization state is circularly polarized enters the graphene micro-nano fiber polarizer in the present invention. Due to the polarization absorption asymmetry and high extinction ratio of graphene, a beam of polarization state is obtained as Linearly polarized outgoing light.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其改进构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the improved concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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