CN113376741B - Reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator and application thereof - Google Patents

Reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113376741B
CN113376741B CN202110677033.XA CN202110677033A CN113376741B CN 113376741 B CN113376741 B CN 113376741B CN 202110677033 A CN202110677033 A CN 202110677033A CN 113376741 B CN113376741 B CN 113376741B
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waveguide
mode
rotator
reconfigurable
mold
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CN113376741A (en
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陈开鑫
张豪
王梦柯
李俊慧
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14—Mode converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/04—Mode multiplex systems

Abstract

The invention discloses a reconfigurable LP 11a‑ LP 11b The invention discloses a mode rotator and application thereof, which are applied to the field of optical communication, and aim at the problem that only fixed mode rotation or mode conversion can be realized in the prior art, the invention utilizes waveguide asymmetry caused by thermo-optic effect to realize LP 11a Mold and LP 11b Reconfigurable conversion between modes, the rotator of the invention comprises a bimodal waveguide and an electrode heater positioned above the bimodal waveguide, the electrode heater applies current, and the generated temperature field distributes all isotherms to cut the waveguide core at the same horizontal distance and the same vertical distance, so that LP is realized 11a Mold and LP 11b Mode conversion of the modes.

Description

Reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical communication, and particularly relates to a mode rotator.
Background
The communication capacity of standard Single Mode Fiber (SMF) is limited to about 100Tbps due to nonlinear effects, fiber fuse effects, shannon's limit, and the bandwidth of the optical amplifier. With the rapid development of scientific technology, scientists have fully utilized information dimensions such as wavelength, polarization, phase and the like of light to improve communication capacity, and in future communication networks, if the communication capacity of optical fibers is further improved, new dimensions need to be developed. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) technology has provided the possibility for increasing communication capacity, and has become a research in recent yearsA hot spot. The space Division multiplexing technology is mainly classified into a Multi-Core Fiber-based multiplexing technology (MCFM) and a Mode Division multiplexing technology (MDM). Although the multi-core optical fiber multiplexing technology can greatly improve the capacity of a communication system, the optical fiber is not easy to draw, and the manufacturing difficulty of related devices is higher. To substantially reduce the accumulation of intermodal dispersion and crosstalk caused by mode-simultaneous transmission, the support of LP is a lot of research currently 01 、LP 11a 、LP 11b And (3) a Few Modes of a Few-mode Fiber (Few Modes Fiber, FMF). Because the optical fiber supports a limited number of modes, the control of excitation, conversion, balanced amplification, dispersion and the like of the modes is easy to realize, and the optical fiber is an important technical scheme for improving the transmission capacity of a communication system.
The mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DMUX) is the most important component for implementing the mode division multiplexing technology. The mode multiplexer based on the Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) has the advantages of compact structure, easy integration, low insertion loss, large bandwidth and the like, and can be manufactured by adopting mature semiconductor process technologies such as photoetching, magnetron sputtering, ion etching and the like, so that the mode multiplexer also has the advantages of good process repeatability and large-scale mass production. In view of this, PLC-based mode division multiplexers have received a great deal of attention, especially mode division multiplexers based on asymmetric directional couplers. However, due to LP 11b And LP 01 A plc-based asymmetric directional coupler with a coupling coefficient of 0 due to mode field symmetry of the modes cannot directly realize LP 01 Mold and LP 11b And multiplexing and demultiplexing modes. In response to this difficulty, researchers at Hokkaido university of Japan have proposed a slot waveguide-based LP 11a And LP 11b The researchers of hong Kong City university in China put forward LP 01 Mold and LP 11b The mode vertical coupling scheme is provided by researchers of China university of electronic technology for realizing LP by adopting plane unequal-height couplers 01 Mold and LP 11b Scheme of mode coupling conversion. However, these schemes can only achieve fixed mode rotation or mode conversion.
Disclosure of Invention
For solving the existing LP based on PLC base 11a -LP 11b The mode rotator cannot be reconstructed, and the technical difficulty of slit processing and manufacturing exists in the manufacturing process; the invention provides a reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b The mode rotator not only has a reconfigurable mode rotation function, but also has simple structure and easy manufacture.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator comprising a bimodal waveguide, LP being achieved by changing the temperature field distribution of the bimodal waveguide 11a Mold and LP 11b Mode conversion of the mode.
The temperature field distribution cuts the waveguide core at the same horizontal and vertical distances for all isotherms.
An electrode heater is included and is positioned above the bimodal waveguide.
LP supported by waveguide when current is applied by electrode heater 11a Mold and LP 11b The mode field of the mode rotates.
Further comprising: the waveguide comprises a substrate, a waveguide lower cladding layer, a waveguide left cladding layer, a waveguide right cladding layer and a waveguide upper cladding layer, wherein the waveguide lower cladding layer is positioned on the substrate; the electrode heater is located on the waveguide upper cladding.
The overlapping width range of the electrode heater and the waveguide in the vertical direction is-1 mu m.
Mode multiplexing and demultiplexing method based on reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator to realize LP 11a Mode and LP 11b Mode conversion of the mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: LP of the invention 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator for implementing LP using waveguide asymmetry due to thermo-optic effect 11a Mold and LP 11b Reconfigurable conversion between modes to LP 01 Mold and LP 11a And LP 11b The reconstruction multiplexing between the modules provides a new scheme, which is beneficial to realizing a flexible module division multiplexing optical network; the proposed device has a simple structureHigh conversion efficiency, large process tolerance and easy manufacture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a PLC-based reconfigurable LP of the present invention 11a -LP 11b A primary structure diagram of a mode rotator;
FIG. 2 is a PLC-based reconfigurable LP of the present invention 11a -LP 11b A schematic cross-sectional view of a mode rotator;
FIG. 3 is a PLC-based reconfigurable LP of the present invention 11a -LP 11b A schematic of dimensional parameters of cross-sectional critical structures for one example of a mode rotator;
FIG. 4 is a view of an LP with xy symmetry axis supported by a dual mode waveguide of a rotator in the absence of applied current to the electrode heater of an embodiment of the mode rotator of the present invention 11a Mold and LP 11b A mode field profile of the mode;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the cross-sectional thermal field profile of the mode rotator of an example of the mode rotator of the present invention when a certain current is applied to the electrode heater;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an LP having an x 'y' axis of symmetry supported in a bimodal waveguide of a mode rotator of an embodiment of the present invention when a certain current is applied to a heated electrode 11a And LP 11b A mode field profile of the pattern;
FIG. 7 shows an LP of the present invention 11a Mould to LP 11b A schematic diagram of the conversion of the die;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a reconfigurable LP implementation of the present invention 11a -LP 11b A functional explanatory diagram of the mode rotator;
description of the reference numerals: 1 is an electrode heater, 2 is a waveguide upper cladding, 3 is a dual-mode waveguide core layer, 4 is a waveguide left cladding, a waveguide right cladding and a waveguide lower cladding, and 5 is a substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a PLC-based reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b The basic structure of the mode rotator. FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the device (parallel to x and X in FIG. 1)Plane formed by y-axis). Figure 3 shows a schematic of the dimensional parameters of a cross-sectional critical structure for an example of a rotator where the electrode heater length is 2.5mm, the refractive index of the upper cladding 2 of the waveguide is 1.49, the refractive index of the core 3 of the bimodal waveguide is 1.57, and the refractive indices of the left and right cladding of the waveguide and the lower cladding 4 are 1.55. The operating wavelength of the device was set to 1.55 microns.
The maximum thickness of the left and right waveguide cladding layers and the lower cladding layer 4 in this embodiment is 0.8 μm.
The bimodal waveguide of this rotator example has been designed to support LP 11a Mold and LP 11b Mode, the mode field distribution of these two modes is shown in fig. 4. LP coupled into a rotator bimodal waveguide when the electrode heater is not applying current, i.e., is in the "off" state 11a The mold remains LP 11a Mode output, similarly LP coupled into a dual mode waveguide of a rotator 11b The mold remains LP 11b The mode is output, with no rotation of the mode.
When current is applied to the electrode heater of the rotator, that is, the rotator is in an "on" state, the waveguide material below the electrode heater is heated by the heat generated by the resistance of the electrode heater, so that a certain temperature field distribution is formed. It is clear that by designing the appropriate device parameters and applying the appropriate current to the electrode heater (corresponding electrical power of 30mW in this example), a thermal field profile can be formed that has all its isotherms cutting the waveguide core at the same horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) distances, as shown in fig. 5, where the horizontal distance AB and the vertical distance AC are equal. LP supported in the bimodal waveguide at this time 11a Mold and LP 11b The optical field distribution of the modes will be rotated 45 deg. with respect to the x and y axes, and the mode field symmetry axis will also be rotated 45 deg. from the x, y axes to the x ', y' axes as shown in fig. 6. At this time, LP with the symmetry axis still being xy-axis 11a (or LP) 11b ) After the mode coupling enters the rotator, LP with the symmetrical axis of x 'y' after the rotation is simultaneously excited 11a Mold and LP 11b The transmission speeds of the two modes are different, and after transmission with a certain length (namely the length of the rotator), the modes output from the rotator are synthesized into an LP with the symmetric axis still being the xy axis 11b (or LP) 11a ) And realizing the rotation of the mode.
Designing suitable device parameters specifically includes: a waveguide size parameter and an electrode position and electrode length parameter; in this embodiment, the arrangement position of the electrode heater is mainly considered, the overlapping width range of the electrode and the waveguide in the vertical direction in practical application is-1 μm to 1 μm, and all the isotherms of the thermal field distribution generated by the current applied by the electrode heater are arranged to cut the waveguide core at the same horizontal distance and vertical distance.
In the embodiment, the width and thickness of the waveguide are equal, generally set to be 8-10 μm, the length of the waveguide is equal to the length of the electrode, the length of the electrode is generally set to be 2.5-2.9mm, the width and thickness of the electrode only affect power consumption, generally set to be 12 μm, and the thickness is set to be 200nm; as shown in FIG. 1, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the length described in the present invention is in the z-direction, the width is in the x-direction, and the thickness is a measure of quantization in the y-direction.
The switching relationship in the present invention occurs over the length of the electrode, LP 11a Mode and LP 11b The mode just completes the conversion within the electrode length range, shown as LP in FIG. 7 11a Mould to LP 11b Schematic conversion of the modes.
FIG. 8 further illustrates the change in mode field before and after the mode is transmitted through the rotator with the rotator electrode heater in the "off" and "on" states, which clearly shows the device's re-configuration function for mode rotation.
In conclusion, the invention realizes on-chip LP by thermo-optic effect 11a And LP 11b The novel reconfigurable mode rotator is constructed through mode conversion, has high conversion efficiency, is easy to manufacture, and has good practical application value.
It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, in the present disclosure, equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made, such as realized by other waveguide materials and other waveguide structures, and the equivalent modifications and substitutions should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. Can be used forReconstructed LP 11a -LP 11b A mode rotator, comprising: a bimodal waveguide, an electrode heater positioned above the bimodal waveguide to change a temperature field distribution of the bimodal waveguide when a current is applied by the electrode heater, the waveguide supporting an LP 11a Mold and LP 11b The mode field of the mode rotates; the temperature field distribution cuts the waveguide core at the same horizontal and vertical distances for all isotherms.
2. A reconfigurable LP according to claim 1 11a -LP 11b The mode rotator, characterized by further comprising: the waveguide comprises a substrate, a waveguide lower cladding layer, a waveguide left cladding layer, a waveguide right cladding layer and a waveguide upper cladding layer, wherein the waveguide lower cladding layer is positioned on the substrate; the electrode heater is located on the waveguide upper cladding.
3. A reconfigurable LP according to claim 2 11a -LP 11b The mode rotator is characterized in that the overlapping width range of the electrode heater and the waveguide in the vertical direction is-1 mu m.
4. A method for mode multiplexing and demultiplexing, characterized in that the reconfigurable LP according to claim 3 is used 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator to realize LP 11a Mold and LP 11b Mode conversion of the mode.
CN202110677033.XA 2021-06-18 2021-06-18 Reconfigurable LP 11a -LP 11b Mode rotator and application thereof Active CN113376741B (en)

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CN114815069A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-29 广东工业大学 Directional coupler, mode-dependent loss compensation device, system and method

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