CN114815010B - Lens array for 3D suspension imaging and device thereof - Google Patents
Lens array for 3D suspension imaging and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114815010B CN114815010B CN202210525285.5A CN202210525285A CN114815010B CN 114815010 B CN114815010 B CN 114815010B CN 202210525285 A CN202210525285 A CN 202210525285A CN 114815010 B CN114815010 B CN 114815010B
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
- G02B30/29—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
Abstract
The invention discloses a lens array for 3D suspension imaging and a device thereof, wherein the lens array comprises: a sphere fixing plate and a lens array subunit; the sphere fixed plate is provided with a clamping groove, and the lens array subunit is fixedly arranged on the sphere fixed plate through the clamping groove. The device comprises: an image source, a half-mirror and a lens array; the image source is used for generating image light energy; the semi-reflection semi-transparent mirror is used for changing the energy distribution of the image light; the lens array is used for returning the light energy reflected by the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror in the original direction; the image source is arranged on the horizontal plane, the half-reflecting semi-transparent mirror is arranged above the image source and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the lens array is arranged behind the image source and the half-reflecting semi-transparent lens. By using the invention, the resolution and stability of suspension imaging can be improved and the angle of view can be enlarged. The lens array and the device thereof for 3D suspension imaging can be widely applied to the field of suspension imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of suspension imaging, in particular to a lens array for 3D suspension imaging and a device thereof.
Background
Suspension imaging or medium-free aerial imaging (display) systems can provide a realistic and fantasy visual experience, and have wide application prospects. The application requirements of the non-contact display are increasing, such as occasions of elevator buttons, ticket vending machines, teller machines and the like in public places, and the suspension imaging display and the non-contact air control mode are more beneficial to guaranteeing public health and preventing virus transmission. The suspension imaging system can be well matched with the application scene.
At present, various technical schemes are adopted to realize medium-free air suspension imaging. A common method is to display an image suspended in the air using fog or water droplets as a virtual screen, however, the virtual screen is easily affected by air flow, and the quality of the floating image is deteriorated. Another approach is to use a large convex or fresnel lens to float the 2D/3D image in air. However, floating images have problems of distortion, color deviation, and viewing angle limitation. One solution is to implement floating display using a Dihedral Corner Reflector Array (DCRA) composed of a plurality of reflectors, however, its viewing angle is limited and a clear afterimage is observed around the floating image. Yet another solution uses commercial retro-reflectors (reflective/retro-reflective films) to achieve medium-free aerial imaging, however, currently commercially available retro-reflectors are designed for road safety, whose specifications require that the retro-reflective lines have a certain divergence angle, which results in blurred imaging quality and low resolution in suspended imaging systems built using these reflective films.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a lens array for 3D suspension imaging and a device thereof, which can improve resolution and stability of suspension imaging and expand a field angle.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a lens array for 3D suspension imaging, comprising: a sphere fixing plate and a lens array subunit; the lens array subunit is fixedly arranged on the spherical fixing plate through the clamping groove.
Further, the lens array subunit includes a lens unit, the lens unit includes a front surface, a rear surface, and a refractive wall, the front surface is a transmissive surface, the rear surface is a reflective surface, and the refractive wall is disposed between the front surface and the rear surface.
Further, the front surface and the rear surface are both spherical, and the front surface and the rear surface share the center of sphere.
Further, the front surface has a smaller pore size than the back surface.
Further, the lens unit has a surface accuracy in the range of 1 to 10 μm and a surface accuracy in the range of 1 to 50nm.
Further, the parameter relation of the lens unit is as follows:
in the above, D 1 For the front surface aperture, R 1 For the front surface radius, R 2 For the back surface radius, n is the refractive index of the refractive wall and k is any value between 1 and 8.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an apparatus for 3D suspension imaging, comprising:
an image source, a half-mirror and a lens array as described above;
the image source is used for generating image light energy;
the half-reflecting mirror is used for changing the energy distribution of the image light;
the lens array is used for returning the light energy reflected by the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror in the original direction;
the image source is arranged on a horizontal plane, the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror is arranged above the image source and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the lens array is arranged behind the image source and the half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens.
Further, the sphere center of the lens array is disposed at the viewing position.
The method and the system have the beneficial effects that: firstly, designing a lens array for 3D suspension imaging, wherein the front surface of a lens unit is a transmission surface, and the rear surface is a reflection surface, so that the original return of incident light is realized; then, the lens array subunit is spliced and fixed on the spherical surface fixing plate by utilizing the clamping groove structure, so that the processing difficulty and cost are reduced, and the stability of suspension imaging is improved; finally, the lens array is applied to 3D suspension imaging, and the sphere center of the lens array is arranged at the watching position, so that the angle of view is enlarged, and the resolution is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lens array for 3D suspension imaging according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for 3D suspension imaging according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lens array subunit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lens unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 3D suspension imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a 3D suspension imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lens unit parameter setting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the effects of a lens array according to an embodiment of the present invention and a planar lens array.
The reference numerals are as follows:
10. an image source;
20. a half-mirror half-lens;
30. a lens array; 31. a spherical surface fixing plate; 311. a clamping groove; 32. a lens array subunit; 33. a lens unit; 331. a front surface; 332. a rear surface; 333. a refractive wall;
40. a sub-image;
50. a planar lens array.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the present invention provides a lens array for 3D suspension imaging, comprising: a spherical fixing plate 31 and a lens array subunit 32; the sphere fixing plate 31 is provided with a clamping groove 311, and the lens array subunit 32 is fixedly arranged on the sphere fixing plate 31 through the clamping groove 311; the lens array subunit 32 includes a lens unit 33, the lens unit 33 includes a front surface 331, a rear surface 332, and a refractive wall 333, the front surface 331 being a transmissive surface, the rear surface 332 being a reflective surface, the refractive wall 333 being disposed between the front surface 331 and the rear surface 332, the refractive wall 333 being for changing a direction of a light source entering the front surface 331.
Wherein, the refraction wall 333 can be made of PMMA, acrylic, glass and optical epoxy resin, and the back surface can be coated with a film to form a reflecting surface.
In application, as shown in fig. 4, the incident light enters from the position S1, the direction of the incident light is not changed and the incident light is made to strike as much as possible on the rear surface 332 of the lens unit 33 because the front surface 331 is a transmission surface, then the direction of the incident light is changed by the refraction wall 333, and since the rear surface 332 is a reflection surface, the light refracted by the front surface 331 can be reflected back to the position S331 symmetrically with respect to the incident light, and finally the light source emits from the position S2.
In order to reduce the aberration, as shown in fig. 4, the front surface 331 is configured as a spherical surface, and a half of the aperture size of the front surface 331 is used as a focusing standard, that is, a parallel light beam having an incident height half of the aperture size passes through the front surface 331 and is accurately focused at the center of the rear surface 332 of the lens array 30 unit.
It should be noted that the front surface 331 may also be an aspherical surface or a free-form surface.
To achieve the retro-reflection function, as shown in fig. 4, the rear surface 332 is provided as a spherical surface, and the center of sphere of the rear surface 332 coincides with the center of sphere of the front surface 331.
When the light incident from the front surface 331 is focused on the rear surface 332 during application, since the focused light is symmetrical about the normal direction of the sphere, the incident light will be reflected symmetrically through the rear surface 332, so that the reflected light is parallel and opposite to the original direction of the incident light, and a retro-reflection function is realized.
It should be noted that the rear surface 332 may also be aspheric or free-form.
Referring to fig. 2, an apparatus for 3D suspension imaging includes an image source 10, a half mirror 20, and the above lens array 30;
image source 10 is used to generate image light energy;
the half mirror 20 is used to change the image light energy distribution;
the lens array 30 is used for returning the light energy reflected by the half mirror 20 in the original direction;
the image source 10 is disposed on a horizontal plane, the half mirror 20 is disposed above the image source 10 and is inclined at 45 ° to the horizontal plane, and the lens array 30 is disposed behind the image source 10 and the half mirror 20.
In application, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the image source 10 is placed in a horizontal position, and the image source 10 may be composed of a liquid crystal display screen, an LED screen, a still image, or a 3D real object; the half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror 20 is arranged above the image source 10 and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror 20 can reflect 50% of light energy and transmit 50% of light energy to the visible light wave band; a lens array 30 is positioned behind the image source 10 and the half mirror 20; the light energy emitted by the image source 10 is half transmitted through the half mirror 20 and is reflected to the lens array 30, the other half light energy returns in the original direction after passing through the lens array 30, and the light passes through the half mirror 20 and forms a real image of the sub-image 40 at the air position of the image source 10 symmetrical to the half mirror 20, thereby realizing the floating display effect.
Further, in order to expand the angle of view and reduce aberrations, the spherical center position of the lens array 30 is located at the viewing position as shown in fig. 2.
When the method is applied, light rays emitted from the image source 10 are firstly reflected by the half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens 20 and then sequentially transmitted to the lens array 30, the light rays return in the original direction after being symmetrically reflected by the lens unit 33, and then reach an imaging position, namely a sub-image 40 after passing through the half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens 20, so that the medium-free 3D suspension imaging display is realized; wherein the sub-image 40 and the image source 10 are symmetrical about the half mirror 20.
In order to better illustrate the beneficial effects of the spherical lens array 30 provided by the present invention, referring to fig. 8, the spherical lens array 30 provided by the present invention is compared with the planar lens array 50, and it is assumed that the planar lens array 50 is generally located on the right side of the half mirror 20, so that the half mirror 20 and the planar lens array 50 can also constitute a conventional suspension imaging device. Assuming that a beam of light a emitted from the image source 10 is reflected by the half mirror 20, the reflected light is a ', and the reflected light a' is parallel to the optical axis of the spherical lens unit 33 (the included angle tends to be zero); while a' if it is directly propagated to a″ in the original direction, the angle between the light ray a″ and the optical axis of the planar lens array 50 is θ, although the retro-reflector can theoretically achieve the original return for the light rays with different incident angles (the angle between the light ray and the optical axis), according to the aberration theory, the incident light with the larger angle between the light ray and the optical axis will generate larger aberration, which is the main cause of imaging blur. To effectively eliminate off-axis aberrations, increasing the angle of incidence of the spherical retro-reflector (i.e., the spherical lens array 30) necessarily increases the number of surfaces within the lens unit 33 of the spherical retro-reflector, which would undoubtedly increase the difficulty and cost of processing. As can be seen from the angles of incidence corresponding to the incident light rays a' and a ", the spherical lens array 30 can reduce the incidence angle of the required retro-reflected light more than the planar lens array 50, and can even reduce the incidence angle of the incident light to zero in the effective angle (the portion of the reflected light rays entering the human eye). Therefore, the structure of the spherical lens array 30 of the present invention can effectively reduce the image resolution degradation caused by the off-axis aberration of the lens unit 33, improve the display resolution and reduce the processing cost and difficulty.
In addition, the invention discloses a simulation experiment result of the spherical retro-reflector, wherein the divergence angle of the retro-reflection light is smaller than 0.01 degree, and the spherical retro-reflector does not accord with the standard of a reflective film for road safety, but quite accords with the application of a 3D suspension imaging system; experiments prove that the working angle of the spherical retro-reflector reaches more than 60 degrees, the aberration of an imaging point is less than 250 mu m, and the suspension imaging display effect with a large field angle and high resolution can be realized.
The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the lens array 30, and the manufacturing of the lens array 30 can be realized by adopting an injection molding process of one-step molding or a process of splicing the subunit panel lens array 30.
The lens array 30 adopting the one-step molding injection molding process is manufactured by an ultra-precise CNC technology, firstly, parameters of the lens units 33 are determined according to the parameter relation of the lens units 33, the lens units 33 are manufactured, then, the optical axis of each lens unit 33 points to the watching position of human eyes together to form the integral structure of the circular lens array 30, finally, the lens array 30 is processed by a one-step molding mode, and an integral optical device is formed by the optical plastic injection molding process; since the function of the lens array 30 is mainly used for imaging, the surface accuracy of each lens unit 33 must reach 1-10 μm, and the surface accuracy must reach below 50nm; for the injection molding process of one-time molding, the precision requirement of processing is very high, so the cost is difficult to control.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 7, the fabrication method of the sub-unit flat lens array 30 is as follows:
firstly, determining parameters of the lens units 33 according to a parameter relation of the lens units 33, manufacturing the lens units 33, secondly, integrating a plurality of lens units 33 on a plane to form a lens array subunit 32 with smaller area, then, processing a spherical fixing plate 31 for fixing each lens array subunit 32 according to the position of human eyes as a sphere center, wherein the spherical fixing plate 31 can be made of metal or plastic materials and mainly supports and fixes the lens array subunits 32, so that the central optical axis of each lens array subunit 32 points to the position of the human eyes, and finally, arranging the plane lens array subunits 32 in sequence according to the mode shown in fig. 3. This method of manufacture requires that the length and width dimensions of each lens array subunit 32 be small, and the angle between the length/width of the lens array subunit 32 and the center of the sphere should be controlled to be less than 1-3 degrees, where the optical axis of each lens unit 33 on the lens array subunit 32 can be considered approximately as pointing toward the center of the sphere.
As shown in fig. 7, the parameter relation of each lens unit 33 is set, and the parameter relation of the lens unit 33 is as follows:
in the above, D 1 For the front surface 331 aperture, R 1 Radius of front surface 331, R 2 For the radius of the rear surface 332, n is the refractive index of the refractive wall 333, and k is any value between 1 and 8.
Wherein D is 1 Has a value of about 50 μm to 500 μm, D 2 Can be selected as D 1 The lens unit 33 parameter relation may be determined by appropriate selection of the respective parameters.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A lens array for 3D suspension imaging, comprising: a sphere fixing plate and a lens array subunit; the lens array subunit is fixedly arranged on the spherical fixing plate through the clamping groove;
the lens array subunit comprises a lens unit, wherein the lens unit comprises a front surface, a rear surface and a refractive wall, the front surface is a transmission surface, the rear surface is a reflection surface, and the refractive wall is arranged between the front surface and the rear surface;
the front surface and the rear surface are spherical, and the front surface and the rear surface share the sphere center;
the aperture of the front surface is smaller than the aperture of the rear surface;
the surface type precision range of the lens unit is 1-10 mu m, and the surface precision range is 1-50 nm;
the parameter relation of the lens unit is as follows:
in the above, D 1 For the front surface aperture, R 1 For the front surface radius, R 2 For the back surface radius, n is the refractive index of the refractive wall and k is any value between 1 and 8.
2. An apparatus for 3D suspension imaging, comprising:
an image source, a half-mirror half-lens and a lens array for 3D suspension imaging as claimed in claim 1;
the image source is used for generating image light energy;
the half-reflecting mirror is used for changing the energy distribution of the image light;
the lens array is used for returning the light energy reflected by the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror in the original direction;
the image source is arranged on a horizontal plane, the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror is arranged above the image source and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the lens array is arranged behind the image source and the half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens.
3. The apparatus for 3D suspension imaging of claim 2 wherein the center of sphere of the lens array is disposed in a viewing position.
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| CN202210525285.5A CN114815010B (en) | 2022-05-15 | 2022-05-15 | Lens array for 3D suspension imaging and device thereof |
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| CN202210525285.5A CN114815010B (en) | 2022-05-15 | 2022-05-15 | Lens array for 3D suspension imaging and device thereof |
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