CN114812400B - Online detection method for fin forming technological parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger - Google Patents

Online detection method for fin forming technological parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114812400B
CN114812400B CN202210449111.5A CN202210449111A CN114812400B CN 114812400 B CN114812400 B CN 114812400B CN 202210449111 A CN202210449111 A CN 202210449111A CN 114812400 B CN114812400 B CN 114812400B
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fin
displacement sensor
detected
laser
laser displacement
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CN114812400A (en
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姜周曙
余哲航
夏宇栋
鲁健
张哲睿
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/14Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2416Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of gears

Abstract

The invention discloses an online detection method for fin forming process parameters of a plate-fin heat exchanger; the detection device used by the detection method comprises a workbench, a three-dimensional displacement table, an industrial camera and a laser displacement sensor. The workbench is used for installing the tested fins. The industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor are both arranged on the three-dimensional displacement table and are arranged downwards. The three-dimensional displacement table can drive the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor to move above the workbench. According to the invention, the camera is matched with the laser displacement sensor, and the position of a laser spot on the heat exchanger fin is judged by the image shot by the camera, so that the laser displacement sensor can be accurately moved to the position right above four corners of the heat exchanger fin, the non-contact online accurate measurement of the diagonal length of the heat exchanger fin is realized, and the rectangular degree of the heat exchanger fin is calculated. In addition, the invention obtains the placing posture of the heat exchanger fins by using the image shot by the camera, thereby avoiding the requirement on the accurate positioning of the heat exchanger fins.

Description

Online detection method for fin forming technological parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automatic detection, and particularly relates to an online detection method for fin forming process parameters of a plate-fin heat exchanger.
Background
The plate-fin heat exchanger is used as a typical micro-channel compact heat exchange device, has the advantages of compact structure, high heat transfer efficiency, small volume, light weight and the like, is widely applied to industrial departments such as petrochemical industry, aerospace, low-temperature air analysis, power machinery and the like, and achieves remarkable achievement in heat energy recovery, raw material saving, cost reduction and some special purposes.
The fins are core heat transfer elements of the plate-fin heat exchanger, and the heat exchange process is mainly completed through fin heat conduction and convection or phase change heat transfer between the fins and fluid. Microscopic and macroscopic deformations of the fins change the flow characteristics of the heat transfer medium in the fine channels, thereby affecting the heat transfer performance.
In the traditional forming process of the fins, the technical parameters such as the rectangle degree, diagonal length, height, tooth number, pitch and the like of the fins are mainly detected manually. In the traditional parameter measurement of the large-range fin, the diagonal length measurement completely depends on manual detection, and continuous and high-repeatability detection cannot be realized; the tooth height detection of the fins is mainly realized by detection personnel through contact measuring devices such as a micrometer and the like, which can cause indentation damage to the upper surface and the lower surface of the fins, generate measurement errors and do not support multipoint continuous measurement; the number of teeth of the fins is measured by adopting a mechanical tooth counting machine, but the rolling structure of the mechanical tooth counting machine can damage the fins, and the fins with different specifications need different rolling structures, so that the universality is poor; the pitch measurement of the fins is carried out by a high-precision small-range measuring device which does not support on-line detection, has a small measuring range and single function and depends on manual work.
In addition, in the traditional small-range fin technical parameter measurement, the two sides of the fin are extruded by the die to be positioned, and different dies are needed for fins with different sizes, so that the requirement on die precision is high. In addition, the diagonal length, the height and the pitch of the fins can be influenced by positioning by adopting an extrusion method in fin measurement, and the measurement accuracy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online detection method for fin forming process parameters of a plate-fin heat exchanger, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the online detection is carried out on the process parameters such as rectangle degree, tooth height, tooth number, pitch and the like of the fin by utilizing a machine vision auxiliary positioning and non-contact detection technology.
The on-line detection method for fin forming technological parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger includes the steps of working table, three-dimensional displacement table, industrial camera and laser displacement sensor. The workbench is used for installing the tested fins. The industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor are both arranged on the three-dimensional displacement table and are arranged downwards. The three-dimensional displacement table can drive the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor to move above the workbench.
The online detection method for the fin forming technological parameters of the plate-fin heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
and step 1, placing the detected fins on the table surface of the workbench, and flattening the detected fins by using a pressing tool.
And 2, the laser displacement sensor emits laser, and the industrial camera continuously shoots pictures. The three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move above the detected fin. The computer identifies the image shot by the industrial camera and judges whether the edge of the detected fin appears in the image.
And 3, if the edge of the detected fin appears in the image, driving the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move right above the edge of the detected fin by the three-dimensional displacement table according to the relative position of the laser point in the image and the edge of the detected fin until the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor irradiates on the edge of the detected fin.
Step 4, utilizing an image continuously shot by an industrial camera to control a three-dimensional displacement table to drive a laser displacement sensor to move along the edge of the detected fin, and recording the position coordinate of the laser displacement sensor on the table surface of the workbench every time the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor moves to one corner of the detected fin; and after laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor passes through four corners of the detected fin, obtaining coordinates of the four corners of the detected fin. Calculating the diagonal length and the contour area S of the detected fin and the area S' of the minimum circumscribed matrix of the contour of the detected fin according to the coordinate values of the four corners of the detected fin; the rectangle degree rd=s/S' of the detected fin is calculated.
Step 5, obtaining the placing posture of the detected fin through a picture shot by an industrial camera; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor to scan along the middle positions of different rows of the detected fins in sequence. Determining the fin height of the detected fin according to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value measured by the laser displacement sensor; determining the pitch of the detected fin according to the displacement of the laser displacement sensor between the two detected maxima; and determining the number of teeth of the detected fins according to the number of times that the laser displacement sensor detects the maximum value in the process of scanning one row of the detected fins.
Preferably, the detecting device further comprises a presser. The presser is arranged on the workbench and is used for fixing the fin to be tested.
Preferably, the presser comprises a pressing body and a pressing driving assembly. The pressing main body is hollow flat plate-shaped. The pressing main body is connected with a pressing driving assembly capable of moving up and down.
Preferably, the push-down driving assembly adopts an electric cylinder.
Preferably, the industrial camera is a CCD industrial camera.
Preferably, the workbench is provided with a calibration point for calibrating the initial position of the laser spot.
Preferably, the industrial camera, the laser displacement sensor and the motor in the three-dimensional displacement table are all connected with the control module. The control module adopts a computer.
Preferably, before step 1 is executed, the three-dimensional displacement table adjusts the heights of the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor so that the table top of the workbench is in the range of the laser displacement sensor.
Preferably, before the step 1 is executed, the industrial camera shoots an image, and the laser displacement sensor emits laser; according to the relative position of the laser spot and the calibration point in the image; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the industrial camera and the laser displacement sensor to move, so that laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor irradiates on a standard point. And calibrating the coordinate position of the laser displacement sensor according to the coordinate of the calibration point on the workbench.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. According to the invention, the camera is matched with the laser displacement sensor, and the position of a laser spot on the heat exchanger fin is judged by the image shot by the camera, so that the laser displacement sensor can be accurately moved to the position right above four corners of the heat exchanger fin, the non-contact online accurate measurement of coordinates of the four corners of the heat exchanger fin is realized, and the rectangular degree of the heat exchanger fin is further obtained.
2. According to the invention, the placing posture of the heat exchanger fins is obtained by using the image shot by the camera, and the laser displacement sensor scans along the length direction of the heat exchanger fins in the current placing posture, so that the requirement on accurate positioning of the heat exchanger fins is avoided, the use of a high-precision die is avoided, and the fins are prevented from being extruded in the length and width directions to deform.
3. According to the invention, the parameters of the processed fins are detected, and the data processing, analysis, display and storage are performed by the computer measurement and control software, so that the dies of the fin forming machine can be regulated and controlled according to the detection data, and the automatic regulation and control of the dies are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection device used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The on-line detection method of the fin forming technological parameters of the plate-fin heat exchanger is used for detecting the fin height, pitch, tooth number and rectangle degree of the plate-fin heat exchanger fin in a non-contact mode.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection device used in the detection method includes a table 4, a presser 5, a three-dimensional displacement table, an industrial camera 9, a laser displacement sensor 10, and a control module 12. The workbench 4 is used for installing the fins to be tested. The presser 5 is arranged on the workbench 4 and used for fixing the tested fins and ensuring the flatness of the tested fins during testing. The three-dimensional displacement table is arranged on the workbench 4, and the three-degree-of-freedom moving block of the three-dimensional displacement table is positioned right above the workbench 4.
The three-dimensional displacement table comprises a first linear displacement mechanism 1, a second linear displacement mechanism 2 and a third linear displacement mechanism 3 which are sequentially connected. The first linear displacement mechanism 1, the second linear displacement mechanism 2 and the third linear displacement mechanism 3 are respectively used for driving the three-degree-of-freedom moving block to translate along three orthogonal directions. Specifically, the first linear displacement mechanism 1 is fixed on the workbench 4 and is used for moving the fixing piece 8 back and forth; the second linear displacement mechanism 2 is fixed on the first linear displacement mechanism 1 and is used for the left-right movement of the fixing piece; the third linear displacement mechanism 3 is fixed on the second linear displacement mechanism 2 for the up-and-down movement of the fixing member.
The fixing piece 8 is fixed on a three-degree-of-freedom moving block arranged on the three-dimensional displacement table. The industrial camera 9 and the laser displacement sensor 10 are mounted on the fixture 8 and face the table 4 directly below. The industrial camera 9 is a CCD industrial camera. The laser displacement sensor 10 is used to detect the difference in height between the plate-fin heat exchanger fins and the table plane. The CCD industrial camera 9 is used to determine the relative position of the laser spot on the fins and the fins. The calibration point 7 of the detection means is located on the table 4 for determining the position of the laser spot initially.
The presser 5 includes a pressing body and a pressing drive assembly 11. The pressing main body is hollow flat plate-shaped. Four corners of the bottom surface of the pressing main body are connected with pressing driving components 11 capable of lifting. In this embodiment, the push-down driving assembly 11 employs an electric cylinder.
The industrial camera 9, the laser displacement sensor 10, the motor in the three-dimensional displacement table and the automatic die device are all connected with the control module. In this embodiment, the control module uses a computer. The computer processes the picture containing the calibration point and the laser point to obtain the direction and distance from the laser point to the calibration point, and controls the three-dimensional displacement table to move so that the calibration point coincides with the laser point, thereby realizing the initial positioning of the laser displacement sensor 10.
The computer carries out image processing on the photo containing the laser spot and the fins to obtain the attitude of the fins on the workbench (namely, the included angle between the length direction of the fins and the X-axis direction of the three-dimensional displacement table), and the moving direction is corrected by the inclination of the plane of the fins. And the computer processes the data returned by the laser displacement sensor, and calculates the rectangle degree, the tooth number, the height and the pitch of the fin by combining the current coordinates obtained by the three-dimensional displacement table.
As shown in fig. 2, the online detection method for the fin forming process parameters of the plate-fin heat exchanger specifically comprises the following steps:
And 1, shooting a photo by an industrial camera and transmitting the photo into a computer, calculating the displacement direction and the distance by the computer through the position of a calibration point in the photo, and moving the laser displacement sensor to the upper part of the calibration point by a three-dimensional displacement platform, so that laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor falls on the calibration point, and the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the highest point and the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the calibration point are in the range of the laser displacement sensor.
And 2, the three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor to move a plurality of positions above the table top of the workbench, returns to the standard point after detecting the distance value, acquires the table top height information of the workbench through the laser displacement sensor, and transmits the table top height information into the computer.
And 3, placing the detected fin at the center of the table surface of the workbench, and flattening the detected fin by using a presser.
And 4, the laser displacement sensor emits laser, and the industrial camera continuously shoots pictures and transmits the pictures into the computer. The three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move above the detected fin. The computer identifies the image shot by the industrial camera and judges whether the edge of the detected fin appears in the image.
And 5, if the edge of the detected fin appears in the image, driving the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move right above the edge of the detected fin by the three-dimensional displacement table according to the relative position of the laser point in the image and the edge of the detected fin until the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor irradiates on the edge of the detected fin.
Then, utilizing an image continuously shot by an industrial camera to control a three-dimensional displacement table to drive a laser displacement sensor to move along the edge of a detected fin, and recording the position coordinates (coordinates relative to a zero point, namely coordinates relative to a standard point, which are obtained by detecting the rotation angle of each motor in the three-dimensional displacement table) of the laser displacement sensor on the table surface every time the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor moves to the angle of the detected fin; and when the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor passes through the four corners of the detected fin, obtaining the coordinates of the four corners of the detected fin. According to the coordinates (x 1,y1)、(x2,y2)、(x3,y3)、(x4,y4) of the four corners of the fin to be detected. The side areas S=x3y1-x1y3+(x1y2+x2y3+x1y3+x3y3-x2y1-x3y1-x3y2-x3y3)/2, of the detected fins are calculated and the two diagonal lengths of the detected fins are calculated. And determining the minimum circumscribed rectangle of the outline (regarded as a quadrangle formed by sequentially connecting four corners) of the detection fin according to the coordinates of the four corners of the detection fin, and calculating the area S' of the detection fin according to the four corner coordinates of the minimum circumscribed rectangle. Calculate the rectangle degree rd=s/S'.
Step 6, judging the inclination degree of the detected fin relative to the X-axis direction through the picture shot by the industrial camera; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor to sequentially scan the middle positions of each row of fins on the detected fins along the length direction of the detected fins. Determining the fin height of the detected fin according to the difference value between the maximum value (namely the peak) and the minimum value (namely the trough) detected by the laser displacement sensor; determining the pitch of the detected fin according to the displacement of the laser displacement sensor between the two detected maxima; and determining the number of teeth of the detected fins according to the number of times that the laser displacement sensor detects the maximum value in the process of scanning one row of the detected fins.
And 7, storing the obtained rectangle degree, height, tooth number and pitch into a computer, and storing the detection data into the computer.
In conclusion, the invention adopts the industrial camera to assist in positioning, adopts the laser displacement sensor to measure the height, and then adjusts the position through the three-dimensional displacement platform to realize the automatic detection of fin parameters of the plate-fin heat exchanger. The traditional fin parameters of the large-range plate-fin heat exchanger are mainly detected by using contact measuring devices such as micrometer by detection personnel, are limited by the limitation of manual detection, and cannot be accurately and efficiently detected. The fin parameters of the traditional small-range plate-fin heat exchanger are mainly measured through a die fixing fin and a non-contact height measuring sensor, and because the die is required to be fixed, the accuracy requirement on the die is high, the fin can be transversely or longitudinally extruded, and the accuracy of the fin parameters is reduced. In contrast, the invention utilizes a CCD camera to assist in positioning based on machine vision and non-contact measurement techniques. And the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the parameters of the fins, and transmitting data to a computer for processing, so that the production efficiency of enterprises is improved.

Claims (9)

1. A method for detecting fin forming technological parameters of a plate-fin heat exchanger on line is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the used detection device comprises a workbench (4), a three-dimensional displacement table, an industrial camera (9) and a laser displacement sensor (10); the workbench (4) is used for installing the fins to be tested; the industrial camera (9) and the laser displacement sensor (10) are both arranged on the three-dimensional displacement table and are arranged downwards; the three-dimensional displacement table can drive the industrial camera (9) and the laser displacement sensor (10) to move above the workbench (4);
the online detection method for the fin forming technological parameters of the plate-fin heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
Step 1, placing a detected fin on the table surface of a workbench, and flattening the detected fin by using a pressing tool;
Step 2, the laser displacement sensor emits laser, and the industrial camera continuously shoots pictures; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move above the detected fin; the computer identifies the image shot by the industrial camera and judges whether the edge of the detected fin appears in the image;
Step 3, if the edge of the detected fin appears in the image, driving the laser displacement sensor and the industrial camera to move right above the edge of the detected fin by the three-dimensional displacement table according to the relative position of the laser point in the image and the edge of the detected fin until laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor irradiates on the edge of the detected fin;
Step 4, utilizing an image continuously shot by an industrial camera to control a three-dimensional displacement table to drive a laser displacement sensor to move along the edge of the detected fin, and recording the position coordinate of the laser displacement sensor on the table surface of the workbench every time the laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor moves to one corner of the detected fin; after laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor passes through four corners of the detected fin, coordinates of the four corners of the detected fin are obtained; calculating the diagonal length, the contour area S and the area S' of the minimum circumscribed matrix of the contour of the detected fin according to the coordinate values of the four corners of the detected fin; calculating the rectangular degree RD=S/S' of the detected fin;
Step 5, obtaining the placing posture of the detected fin through a picture shot by an industrial camera; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the laser displacement sensor to sequentially scan along the middle positions of different rows of the detected fins; determining the fin height of the detected fin according to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value measured by the laser displacement sensor; determining the pitch of the detected fin according to the displacement of the laser displacement sensor between the two detected maxima; and determining the number of teeth of the detected fins according to the number of times that the laser displacement sensor detects the maximum value in the process of scanning one row of the detected fins.
2. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection device also comprises a presser (5); the presser (5) is arranged on the workbench (4) and is used for fixing the fin to be tested.
3. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the presser (5) comprises a pressing main body and a pressing driving assembly (11); the pressing main body is hollow flat plate-shaped; the pressing main body is connected with a pressing driving assembly (11) capable of moving up and down.
4. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pushing-down driving assembly (11) adopts an electric cylinder.
5. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the industrial camera (9) adopts a CCD industrial camera.
6. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the workbench (4) is provided with a calibration point (7) for calibrating the initial position of the laser point.
7. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the industrial camera (9), the laser displacement sensor (10) and the motor in the three-dimensional displacement table are all connected with the control module; the control module adopts a computer.
8. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the step 1 is executed, the three-dimensional displacement table adjusts the heights of the industrial camera (9) and the laser displacement sensor (10) so that the table top of the workbench is in the range of the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor (10).
9. The on-line detection method for fin forming process parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the step 1 is executed, an industrial camera shoots an image, and laser emitted by a laser displacement sensor; according to the relative position of the laser spot and the calibration point (7) in the image; the three-dimensional displacement table drives the industrial camera (9) and the laser displacement sensor (10) to move, so that laser emitted by the laser displacement sensor irradiates on the calibration point (7); the coordinate position of the laser displacement sensor is calibrated according to the coordinates of the calibration point (7) on the workbench.
CN202210449111.5A 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Online detection method for fin forming technological parameters of plate-fin heat exchanger Active CN114812400B (en)

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CN116336949B (en) * 2022-12-29 2024-02-13 深圳市志奋领科技有限公司 Measurement method, device, equipment and medium based on laser displacement

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