CN114807959B - High-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation - Google Patents
High-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114807959B CN114807959B CN202210266175.1A CN202210266175A CN114807959B CN 114807959 B CN114807959 B CN 114807959B CN 202210266175 A CN202210266175 A CN 202210266175A CN 114807959 B CN114807959 B CN 114807959B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 270
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 270
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/67—Heating or cooling means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
Abstract
The application relates to a high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation, which comprises a power supply device, a power supply module, a power prediction module and at least one group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules, wherein the power supply module is connected with the power prediction module; the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises an alkaline electrolytic tank module, a pure water electrolytic tank module and an SOEC electrolytic module which are designed in parallel; the combined electrolytic hydrogen production configuration of the alkaline electrolytic tank module, the pure water electrolytic tank module and the SOEC electrolytic module realizes large-scale adjustment of power, and in addition, the electrolytic tank module is automatically started/stopped according to the power level of the wind/photoelectric device predicted and input by the power prediction module, so that the electrolytic hydrogen production module is ensured to work under the better energy conversion efficiency, the adaptability of the hydrogen production system to wind/photoelectricity is further improved, and the power fluctuation of the hydrogen production system is effectively treated; meanwhile, the problems of excessive heat release and high-power bearing capacity of a single large-gas-yield hydrogen production device under a low-power working condition are avoided, and the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, in particular to a high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation.
Background
Hydrogen energy is an ideal secondary energy source, has a high heat value compared with other energy sources, and the combustion product is water, so that the hydrogen energy is the most environment-friendly energy source and is considered as the final energy source of the future human society. The hydrogen energy storage technology is considered as an effective way for solving the difficult problem of renewable energy consumption, and the low-carbon hydrogen production and the green hydrogen production can be effectively realized through the renewable energy power generation hydrogen production process.
However, because the energy consumption in the water electrolysis process is higher and because of the fluctuation of power sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, higher requirements are put on the power fluctuation resistant range and the system control of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, and in addition, the problems of higher cost, poor economy, difficult system configuration, low energy utilization rate, energy management and the like exist in the renewable energy hydrogen production at present. In addition, the operation process of the electrolytic tank can generate a large amount of waste heat, the current industrial alkaline and pure water electrolytic tanks bring heat out through the flowing of electrolyte, and the stable operation of the temperature control and the system is realized through a multi-stage cooling mode, so that the problem of the current application of high-efficiency hydrogen production with high adaptability, matching performance and economy is solved.
The patent with the application publication number of CN 108486596A discloses a wind power electrolytic water hydrogen production system, which comprises a fan system, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system, an electrolytic water supply system, a gas/liquid separation drying purification system, an alkali liquor circulation system and a hydrogen storage tank; after the current flows out from the positive electrode of the fan system power supply, the current firstly passes through the multi-way switch, then flows in from a contact point on a certain bipolar plate or a second end single-pole plate of the electrolytic tank, part or all of the electrolytic cells in the electrolytic tank are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and then flows back to the negative electrode of the fan system power supply after passing through the first end single-pole plate to form a loop. According to the scheme, the fluctuation of wind power is dealt with by decomposing the number of the working modules of the electrolytic tank, but more technical problems are caused in the specific implementation process. Therefore, how to design an electrolytic water hydrogen production system with wide power fluctuation applicability, high system stability and high efficiency and economy is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation, and solves the problem that the existing water electrolysis hydrogen production system in the background art cannot effectively cope with power fluctuation and waste heat utilization and recovery.
The application provides a high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation, which comprises a power supply device, a power supply module, a power prediction module and at least one group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules, wherein the power supply module is connected with the power prediction module;
the power prediction module is connected with the power supply device and used for monitoring the power of the power supply device, predicting the power generation amount of the power supply device and providing power data support for hydrogen production control of the electrolytic hydrogen production module; the power supply device is connected with the electrolytic hydrogen production module through the power supply module and is used for supplying power to the electrolytic hydrogen production module;
the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises an alkaline electrolytic tank module, a pure water electrolytic tank module and an SOEC electrolytic module which are designed in parallel;
the hydrogen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first hydrogen separator, the output end of the first hydrogen separator is connected with a first hydrogen buffer tank, and hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first hydrogen separator and then output after being buffered by the first hydrogen buffer tank;
the oxygen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first oxygen separator, the output end of the first oxygen separator is connected with a first oxygen buffer tank, and oxygen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first oxygen separator and then output by the first oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second hydrogen separator, and the output end of the second hydrogen separator is connected with a second hydrogen buffer tank; the hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second hydrogen separator and then output by a second hydrogen buffer tank;
the oxygen generating outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second oxygen separator, and the output end of the second oxygen separator is connected with a second oxygen buffer tank; the oxygen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second oxygen separator and then output by a second oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the SOEC module is connected with a third hydrogen separator, and the output end of the third hydrogen separator is connected with a third hydrogen buffer tank; and the hydrogen generated by the SOEC electrolysis module is sequentially separated by a third hydrogen separator and then output from a third hydrogen buffer tank.
Further, the alkaline electrolytic tank module comprises a plurality of groups of alkaline electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and hydrogen outlets of the plurality of groups of alkaline electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel are collected together to the first hydrogen separator; the pure water electrolytic tank module comprises a plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel are together gathered to the second hydrogen separator.
Further, the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a heat exchange module, wherein the heat exchange module comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger;
the alkaline electrolyte outlets of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are communicated with the alkaline electrolysis module through a first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger is used for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of the alkaline electrolyte;
the second hydrogen separator and the electrolyzed water outlet of the second oxygen separator are communicated with the pure water electrolysis module through a second heat exchanger for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of the pure water electrolyzed water.
Further, the first heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, the first heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated, and the first heat exchangers are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines;
the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the first heat exchanger communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
Further, the second heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, the second heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated, and the second heat exchangers are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines.
The heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the second heat exchanger is communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
Further, the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a gas detection unit, wherein the gas detection unit comprises a pressure detection unit and a gas purity detection unit; the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank, the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the third oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a pressure detection unit, and the pressure detection units are used for monitoring the gas pressure;
the gas purity detection unit comprises a first gas purity detection unit and a second gas purity detection unit; the hydrogen outlets of the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank are respectively provided with a first gas purity detection unit, and the first gas purity detection units are used for detecting the purity of the hydrogen; the oxygen outlets of the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the second oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a second gas purity detection unit, and the second gas purity detection units are used for detecting the oxygen purity.
Further, the pressure detection unit is a pressure transmitter; the first gas purity detection unit is a first gas analyzer, and the second gas purity detection unit is a second gas analyzer.
Further, the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a first heating unit and a second heating unit; the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are internally provided with a first heating unit or the outer walls of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are provided with a first heating unit for heating the alkaline electrolyte;
the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are internally provided with a second heating unit or the outer walls of the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with a second heating unit for heating the pure water electrolysis water.
Further, pure water replenishing ports of the first hydrogen separator and the second hydrogen separator are provided with water replenishing devices; the pure water liquid supplementing ports of the first oxygen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with water supplementing devices.
Further, the power supply device comprises a power grid power supply device, a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device, the power supply module comprises a rectifier transformer or a high-frequency switch power supply, and the power grid power supply device, the wind power generation device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected with the alkaline electrolytic tank module and the pure water electrolytic tank module through the rectifier transformer or the high-frequency switch power supply.
The technical scheme of the application has the following advantages:
the high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation realizes large-scale adjustment of power through the combined electrolytic hydrogen production configuration of the alkaline electrolytic tank module, the pure water electrolytic tank module and the SOEC electrolytic module, and in addition, the electrolytic tank module is automatically started/stopped according to the power level of the wind/photoelectric device predicted to be input by the power prediction module, so that the electrolytic hydrogen production module is ensured to work under the better energy conversion efficiency, the adaptability of the hydrogen production system to wind/photoelectricity is further improved, and the power fluctuation of the hydrogen production system is effectively treated; meanwhile, the problems of excessive heat release and high-power bearing capacity of a single large-gas-yield hydrogen production device under a low-power working condition are avoided, and the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high efficiency hydrogen production system adapted for wide power fluctuations in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas detection unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power supply device of FIG. 1;
wherein: 1. the device comprises a wind power generation device 2, a photovoltaic power generation device 3, a power module 4, a power prediction module 5, an electrolytic hydrogen production module 6, an alkaline electrolytic tank module 7, a pure water electrolytic tank module 8, an SOEC electrolytic module 9, a second hydrogen separator 10, a second oxygen separator 11, a first hydrogen buffer tank 12, a first oxygen buffer tank 13, an alkali liquor heat exchanger 14, a pure water heat exchanger 15 and a gas detection unit.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation of the present application comprises a power supply device, a power supply module 3, a power prediction module 4 and at least one group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules 5;
the power prediction module is connected with the power supply device and used for monitoring the power of the power supply device, predicting the power generation amount of the power supply device and providing power data support for hydrogen production control of the electrolytic hydrogen production module; the power prediction module provides a power curve of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation for a period of time in the future by detecting the running state of the power supply device, and provides power data support for hydrogen production control.
The power supply device is connected with the electrolytic hydrogen production module through the power supply module and is used for supplying power to the electrolytic hydrogen production module;
the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises an alkaline electrolytic tank module 6, a pure water electrolytic tank module 7 and an SOEC electrolytic module 8 which are designed in parallel;
the hydrogen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first hydrogen separator, the output end of the first hydrogen separator is connected with a first hydrogen buffer tank 11, and hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first hydrogen separator and then output by the first hydrogen buffer tank; the oxygen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first oxygen separator, the output end of the first oxygen separator is connected with a first oxygen buffer tank 12, and oxygen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first oxygen separator and then output by the first oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second hydrogen separator 9, and the output end of the second hydrogen separator is connected with a second hydrogen buffer tank; the hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second hydrogen separator and then output by a second hydrogen buffer tank; the oxygen generating outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second oxygen separator 10, and the output end of the second oxygen separator is connected with a second oxygen buffer tank; the oxygen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second oxygen separator and then output by a second oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the SOEC module is connected with a third hydrogen separator, and the output end of the third hydrogen separator is connected with a third hydrogen buffer tank; and the hydrogen generated by the SOEC electrolysis module is sequentially separated by a third hydrogen separator and then output from a third hydrogen buffer tank.
The high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation realizes large-scale adjustment of power through the combined electrolytic hydrogen production configuration of the alkaline electrolytic tank module, the pure water electrolytic tank module and the SOEC electrolytic module, and in addition, the electrolytic tank module is automatically started/stopped according to the power level of the wind/photoelectric device predicted to be input by the power prediction module, so that the electrolytic hydrogen production module is ensured to work under the better energy conversion efficiency, the adaptability of the hydrogen production system to wind/photoelectricity is further improved, and the power fluctuation of the hydrogen production system is effectively treated; meanwhile, the problems of excessive heat release and high-power bearing capacity of a single large-gas-yield hydrogen production device under a low-power working condition are avoided, and the overall energy utilization efficiency is improved.
The power supply device comprises a power grid power supply device, a wind power generation device 1 and a photovoltaic power generation device 2, wherein the power supply module 3 comprises a rectifier transformer or a high-frequency switch power supply, and the power grid power supply device, the wind power generation device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected with the alkaline electrolytic tank module and the pure water electrolytic tank module through the rectifier transformer or the high-frequency switch power supply. The wind power generation device adopts a direct current or alternating current output mode, and the rectifier transformer outputs direct current with voltage required by the electrolytic hydrogen production module.
As an implementation manner, the alkaline electrolyzer module comprises a plurality of groups of alkaline electrolyzers which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the hydrogen outlets of the plurality of groups of alkaline electrolyzers which are connected in series and/or in parallel are together gathered to the first hydrogen separator; the pure water electrolytic tank module comprises a plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel are together gathered to the second hydrogen separator.
The gas-liquid separator is configured in a many-to-one way, so that the use cost is reduced on one hand; on the other hand, when part of the electrolytic tank works, the gas-liquid separator (hydrogen separator) has enough space for separation, so that the time and distance of gas-liquid separation are increased, and the gas-liquid separation effect is effectively improved.
The alkaline electrolytic tank module, the pure water electrolytic tank module and the SOEC electrolytic module in the electrolytic hydrogen production module are independently arranged, and each electrolytic tank module is independently controlled to produce hydrogen in a combined mode; and each electrolytic hydrogen production module is also independently provided with independent control, and each electrolytic hydrogen production module and each electrolytic tank module are independently started and stopped. The gas production of some electrolytic tanks can be increased or stopped according to the hydrogen production demand and the power, so that a plurality of electrolytic tanks correspond to one gas-liquid processor (separator), and the use efficiency of the gas-liquid processor is improved to the greatest extent.
As one embodiment, the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a heat exchange module, wherein the heat exchange module comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger; the alkaline electrolyte outlets of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are communicated with the alkaline electrolysis module through a first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger is used for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of the alkaline electrolyte; the second hydrogen separator and the electrolyzed water outlet of the second oxygen separator are communicated with the pure water electrolysis module through a second heat exchanger for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of the pure water electrolyzed water.
Preferably, the first heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, the first heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated, and the first heat exchangers are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines; the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the first heat exchanger communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
The second heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, and the second heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated with each other and are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines.
The heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the second heat exchanger is communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
The first heat exchanger is an alkali liquor heat exchanger 13, and the second heat exchanger is a pure water heat exchanger 14; the alkaline electrolyzer module and the pure water electrolyzer module adopt different heat exchanger heat exchange modes, the efficiency of each heat exchanger is fully exerted, meanwhile, the two first heat exchangers of two adjacent alkaline electrolyzer modules are connected through pipelines, namely, the alkaline liquid heat exchangers AE1 and AE2 are connected through pipelines, when the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules work, the advanced preheating of AE2 can be realized through the pipelines, the recovery and the high-efficiency utilization of the waste heat energy are realized, the rapid work of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is facilitated, and the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules and the heat exchangers AEj are carried out until the j group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules and the heat exchangers for the required work are executed. And when the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules work, PE2 can be preheated in advance through the pipeline, so that the recovery and the high-efficiency utilization of the residual heat energy are realized, the rapid work of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is facilitated, and the j group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules and the heat exchangers PEj up to the required work are executed.
The pipeline connection among the multistage heat exchangers is used for recycling waste heat in the electrolysis process, so that the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the whole hydrogen production process is improved, the outlet water temperature of cooling water can be ensured to be close to the working temperature of the electrolytic tank, the temperature reaches about 70-80 ℃, and the hydrogen production efficiency of electrolysis is improved.
As an alternative embodiment, the electrolytic hydrogen production module includes a gas detection unit 15 including a pressure detection unit and a gas purity detection unit; the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank, the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the third oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a pressure detection unit, and the pressure detection units are used for monitoring the gas pressure;
the hydrogen outlets of the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank are respectively provided with a first gas purity detection unit, and the first gas purity detection units are used for detecting the purity of the hydrogen; the oxygen outlets of the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the second oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a second gas purity detection unit, and the second gas purity detection units are used for detecting the oxygen purity.
Preferably, the pressure detection unit is a pressure transmitter; the first gas purity detection unit is a first gas analyzer, and the second gas purity detection unit is a second gas analyzer. The first gas analyzer and the second gas analyzer detect the content of oxygen in the hydrogen and the content of hydrogen in the oxygen at the outlet of the hydrogen/oxygen buffer tank, respectively. The gas detection units are independently arranged in each hydrogen/oxygen buffer tank, so that purity detection verification is ensured before the hydrogen outlet side and the oxygen outlet side of the alkaline electrolytic tank module and the pure water electrolytic tank module are combined, the problem of poor purity of a gas outlet during wide power operation is effectively avoided, and the system safety of independent operation of multiple electrolytic tanks is ensured.
As one example, the electrolytic hydrogen production module includes a first heating unit and a second heating unit; the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are internally provided with a first heating unit or the outer walls of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are provided with a first heating unit for heating the alkaline electrolyte; the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are internally provided with a second heating unit or the outer walls of the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with a second heating unit for heating the pure water electrolysis water. The first heating unit and the second heating unit are preferably purchased as electric heating devices. The electric heating equipment heats the circulating electrolyte and the electrolyzed water to realize constant control of the temperature of the electrolyte and the electrolyzed water.
The pure water liquid supplementing ports of the first hydrogen separator and the second hydrogen separator are provided with water supplementing devices; the pure water liquid supplementing ports of the first oxygen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with water supplementing devices. The water supplementing device is the existing water supplementing equipment and is used for supplementing water for the hydrogen/oxygen separator.
One specific hydrogen production application of the hydrogen production system of the present application:
wind power or photovoltaic is used as a power supply to be converted into direct current which can be used for water electrolysis through a rectifier transformer or a high-frequency open-circuit power supply, an alkaline electrolytic water electrolyzer is adopted as the electrolyzer, the total hydrogen production scale is 400Nm3/h (the power adjustment range is 10-150%), a plurality of groups of electrolyzers with parallel or serial hydrogen production capacity can be designed, the maximum gas production is 600Nm3/h, the total gas production range is 80-600 Nm3/h, and the equipment operation is controlled as follows:
1) The gas yield is 0-120 Nm3/h
The No. 1 electrolytic tank operates independently, and the gas index reaches the standard (purity and dew point) by optimizing and adjusting the process parameters to meet the condition of stable operation
2) The gas yield is 120Nm3/h to 400Nm3/h
When the input energy of the system is in the range, the operation of the No. 1 electrolytic cell is preferentially ensured, the No. 2 electrolytic cell is gradually opened, the operation load is ensured to 40Nm3/h, the operation load of the No. 1 electrolytic cell is gradually increased and decreased, and when the operation load of the No. 1 electrolytic cell reaches 200Nm3/h, the operation load of the No. 2 electrolytic cell is gradually increased.
When the operation load is reduced, the load of the No. 2 electrolytic cell is reduced to 40Nm3/h in a gradual manner, and when the load of the No. 1 electrolytic cell is reduced to 120Nm3/h, the No. 2 electrolytic cell is stopped and is independently controlled by the No. 1 electrolytic cell.
3) The gas yield is 400Nm3/h to 600Nm3/h
When the input energy of the system is more than 400Nm3/h, the 1# electrolytic tank and the 2# electrolytic tank jointly absorb wide power fluctuation and automatically match the approximate current magnitude. Both the No. 1 and No. 2 electrolytic cells are alkaline electrolytic cells.
When the running load is reduced by less than 400Nm3/h, the load of the No. 2 electrolytic cell is reduced to 220Nm3/h gradually, when the load of the No. 1 electrolytic cell is reduced to 120Nm3/h, the load of the No. 2 electrolytic cell is reduced to 120Nm3/h gradually, the No. 1 electrolytic cell continuously participates in regulation, and the regulation is carried out by referring to the process of the step 2.
In the running process, the j-th heat exchanger module is started in advance according to the power prediction module, so that the rapid starting control of the equipment is realized, meanwhile, when the heat exchange power is insufficient, the circulating alkali liquor can be heated through the external heating device of the separator, the constant control of the temperature is realized, and the alkali liquor temperature is preferably kept between 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ for the characteristics of the alkaline equipment.
Another specific hydrogen production application of the hydrogen production system of the present application:
according to the technical scheme of PEM+ALK coupling operation, wind power or photovoltaic is used as a power supply to be converted into direct current which can be used for electrolysis of water through a rectifier transformer or a high-frequency on-off power supply, and the hydrogen production part comprises 2X 200Nm3/h alkaline hydrogen production equipment and 1 100Nm3/h pure water hydrogen production equipment according to the step adjustment of gas production (input power conversion). The two alkaline electrolytic tanks are respectively a 1# electrolytic tank and a 2# electrolytic tank.
1) The gas yield is 0-100 Nm3/h
The PEM hydrogen production is operated alone, but when the energy input into the system is more than 100Nm3/h, the PEM keeps operating, and the No. 1 electrolytic cell is started to operate at low power.
2) The gas yield is 100Nm3/h to 300Nm3/h
When the input energy of the system is in the range, the operation of the No. 1 electrolyzer is preferentially ensured, the operation load of the pure water electrolyzer is gradually reduced to 20Nm3/h, and when the operation load of the No. 1 electrolyzer reaches 220Nm3/h, the operation load of the pure water electrolyzer is gradually increased.
When the operating load is reduced, the pure water electrolyzer load is reduced to 40Nm3/h in a gradual manner, and when the 1# electrolyzer load is reduced to 40Nm3/h, the electrolyzer is stopped and is independently controlled by the PEM electrolyzer.
3) The gas yield is 300Nm3/h to 600Nm3/h
When the input energy of the system is more than 300Nm3/h, the low-load operation of the No. 2 electrolytic cell is started, the operation load of the pure water electrolytic cell is gradually reduced to 20Nm3/h, and the wide power fluctuation is absorbed by the No. 1 electrolytic cell and the No. 2 electrolytic cell.
When the operating load is reduced, the pure water electrolysis cell load is reduced to 40Nm3/h in a gradual manner, when the 1# electrolysis cell load is kept at 220Nm3/h, the system is stopped when the 2# electrolysis cell load is reduced to 40Nm3/h, and the PEM and the 1# electrolysis cell participate in the system control. A pure water electrolyzer can achieve a fast start-up response.
The hydrogen production system also comprises a controller, wherein the controller comprises a control system which is arranged conventionally according to the prior art, and the controller is electrically connected with the electrolytic bath, the regulating valve of the regulating circuit, the thermometer of the temperature monitoring circuit, the conductivity tester of the water quality monitoring circuit, the circulating pump and the flowmeter; the controller is used for acquiring monitoring signals of the thermometer, the flowmeter and the conductivity tester and controlling the operation of valves in the electrolytic tank, the circulating pump and the system pipeline; valves in the system piping include, but are not limited to, regulator valves and check valves.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation is characterized by comprising a power supply device, a power supply module, a power prediction module and at least one group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules;
the power prediction module is connected with the power supply device and used for monitoring the power of the power supply device, predicting the power generation amount of the power supply device and providing power data support for hydrogen production control of the electrolytic hydrogen production module; the power supply device is connected with the electrolytic hydrogen production module through the power supply module and is used for supplying power to the electrolytic hydrogen production module;
the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises an alkaline electrolytic tank module, a pure water electrolytic tank module and an SOEC electrolytic module which are designed in parallel;
the hydrogen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first hydrogen separator, the output end of the first hydrogen separator is connected with a first hydrogen buffer tank, and hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first hydrogen separator and then output after being buffered by the first hydrogen buffer tank;
the oxygen outlet of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is connected with a first oxygen separator, the output end of the first oxygen separator is connected with a first oxygen buffer tank, and oxygen generated by electrolysis of the alkaline electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by the first oxygen separator and then output by the first oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second hydrogen separator, and the output end of the second hydrogen separator is connected with a second hydrogen buffer tank; the hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second hydrogen separator and then output by a second hydrogen buffer tank;
the oxygen generating outlet of the pure water electrolytic tank module is connected with a second oxygen separator, and the output end of the second oxygen separator is connected with a second oxygen buffer tank; the oxygen generated by electrolysis of the pure water electrolytic tank module is sequentially separated by a second oxygen separator and then output by a second oxygen buffer tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the SOEC module is connected with a third hydrogen separator, and the output end of the third hydrogen separator is connected with a third hydrogen buffer tank; the hydrogen generated by the SOEC electrolysis module is sequentially separated by a third hydrogen separator and then output by a third hydrogen buffer tank;
the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a heat exchange module, wherein the heat exchange module comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger;
the alkaline electrolyte outlets of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are communicated with the alkaline electrolysis module through a first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger is used for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of the alkaline electrolyte;
the electrolyzed water outlet of the second hydrogen separator and the electrolyzed water outlet of the second oxygen separator are communicated with the pure water electrolysis module through a second heat exchanger and are used for heat exchange and cyclic utilization of pure water electrolyzed water;
the first heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, and the first heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated with each other and are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines;
the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the first heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the first heat exchanger communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
2. The high efficiency hydrogen production system for wide power fluctuation as set forth in claim 1 wherein the alkaline electrolyzer module comprises a plurality of series and/or parallel alkaline electrolyzers, the hydrogen outlets of the plurality of series and/or parallel alkaline electrolyzers being together collected into a first hydrogen separator; the pure water electrolytic tank module comprises a plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the plurality of groups of pure water electrolytic tanks which are connected in series and/or in parallel are together gathered to the second hydrogen separator.
3. The high-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second heat exchangers are provided with multi-stage heat exchange medium interfaces, and the second heat exchangers of the plurality of groups of electrolytic hydrogen production modules are sequentially communicated with each other and are sequentially communicated with the respective heat exchange medium interfaces through pipelines;
the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the first group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline, and the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the second group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules is communicated with the heat exchange medium interface of the second heat exchanger of the third group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules through a pipeline; and so on until the second heat exchanger is communicated to the last group of electrolytic hydrogen production modules.
4. The high efficiency hydrogen production system adapted for wide power fluctuation as set forth in claim 1, wherein the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a gas detection unit comprising a pressure detection unit and a gas purity detection unit; the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank, the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the third oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a pressure detection unit, and the pressure detection units are used for monitoring the gas pressure;
the gas purity detection unit comprises a first gas purity detection unit and a second gas purity detection unit; the hydrogen outlets of the first hydrogen buffer tank, the second hydrogen buffer tank and the third hydrogen buffer tank are respectively provided with a first gas purity detection unit, and the first gas purity detection units are used for detecting the purity of the hydrogen; the oxygen outlets of the first oxygen buffer tank, the second oxygen buffer tank and the second oxygen buffer tank are respectively provided with a second gas purity detection unit, and the second gas purity detection units are used for detecting the oxygen purity.
5. The high efficiency hydrogen production system adapted for wide power fluctuations as defined in claim 4 wherein the pressure sensing unit is a pressure transmitter; the first gas purity detection unit is a first gas analyzer, and the second gas purity detection unit is a second gas analyzer.
6. The high efficiency hydrogen production system adapted for wide power fluctuations as defined in claim 1 wherein the electrolytic hydrogen production module comprises a first heating unit and a second heating unit; the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are internally provided with a first heating unit or the outer walls of the first hydrogen separator and the first oxygen separator are provided with a first heating unit for heating the alkaline electrolyte;
the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are internally provided with a second heating unit or the outer walls of the second hydrogen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with a second heating unit for heating the pure water electrolysis water.
7. The high efficiency hydrogen production system as claimed in claim 1 wherein pure water make-up ports of the first hydrogen separator and the second hydrogen separator are provided with water make-up means; the pure water liquid supplementing ports of the first oxygen separator and the second oxygen separator are provided with water supplementing devices.
8. The high efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply device comprises a power grid power supply device, a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device, the power supply module comprises a rectifier transformer or a high frequency switching power supply, and the power grid power supply device, the wind power generation device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected with the alkaline electrolytic tank module and the pure water electrolytic tank module through the rectifier transformer or the high frequency switching power supply.
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