CN114807467B - Zinc discharging method for daily production of blast furnace under high zinc load condition - Google Patents
Zinc discharging method for daily production of blast furnace under high zinc load condition Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 303
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 301
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 301
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under a high zinc load condition, and belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting. Firstly, collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate; when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, the zinc discharge operation is not performed; when Q is less than 100%, judging whether the furnace condition is normal; when the furnace condition is judged to be normal, if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation; when the furnace condition is judged to be abnormal, if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 2 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation. According to the production condition of the blast furnace and the zinc enrichment amount in the furnace, the operation of the blast furnace is adjusted to discharge zinc elements from the furnace, the unstable operation furnace type caused by the circulating enrichment of zinc in the furnace is reduced, the fluctuation of the furnace condition of the blast furnace is reduced, and the purpose of stable and smooth long-period running of the blast furnace is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, and particularly relates to a zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under a high zinc load condition.
Background
Zinc is a detrimental impurity in blast furnace ironmaking, and in international standards, the zinc load of the blast furnace should be lower than 0.15Kg/t. When the zinc load in the raw fuel is high, the volatilization temperature of zinc is low, and gaseous zinc is easy to form thickness or nodulation at the middle upper part or the upper part of the blast furnace after encountering powder ore or coke powder for cooling in the rising process. After red steel exits from a noble sand mine in 10 months in 2019, raw fuel is difficult to purchase, so that ore balance is maintained, cost is reduced, more provincial internal fine powder preparation, powder preparation and secondary resources are purchased and used, zinc load of raw fuel entering a furnace is gradually increased due to combined action of international epidemic situation influence and supply tension in 2020, circulating enrichment is carried out in the furnace, the furnace wall of the blast furnace is bonded, the fluctuation of the furnace condition of the blast furnace is frequent due to the falling of a bonding object, and the forward running period of the furnace condition is gradually shortened. The zinc load of the blast furnace reaches more than 1.2Kg/t for a long time after 2021, which seriously affects the stable smooth running and energy conservation and consumption reduction of the blast furnace. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem which needs to be solved in the technical field of the blast furnace smelting at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load. According to the method, under the condition of the existing raw fuel resources, the influence of circulating enrichment of harmful elements in the furnace is overcome, according to the production condition of the blast furnace and the enrichment amount of zinc in the furnace, the operation of the blast furnace is adjusted to discharge zinc elements from the furnace, the unstable operation furnace type caused by circulating enrichment of zinc in the furnace is reduced, the fluctuation of the furnace condition of the blast furnace is reduced, and the purpose of stable and smooth long-period running of the blast furnace is achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load comprises the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the top of the furnace is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced.
Further, it is preferable that the specific method of step (1) is:
zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows ＝Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) ＝S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content in the fuel,%.
Further, it is preferable that the specific method of step (4) is:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 continuous days, but not lower than 70%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 8-12kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 80-120m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 2000-4000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.01-0.015Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 70% in 10 consecutive days, the specific method for performing zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 12-15kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 120-160m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 4000-6000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.015-0.02Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1-2 tons/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03-0.05;
further, it is preferable that the specific method of step (5) is:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 continuous days, but not lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 10-15kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 120-160m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 3000-5000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.02-0.025Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 15-20kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 160-200m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 5000-8000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.025-0.03Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 1-2 tons/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.03-0.05.
Under the condition that raw fuel resources are limited (blast furnace iron ore resources with complex sources, numerous varieties and large chemical components and price differences), the use amount of ores with high content of harmful elements is increased, particularly raw materials with high content of zinc are gradually increased, the zinc load of the blast furnace is increased along with the increase, and the smooth running of the furnace condition and the improvement of indexes are affected. In order to reduce the influence of circulating enrichment of harmful elements in the furnace, the method is specially developed to effectively remove zinc entering the furnace from the furnace. The method ensures stable and smooth running of the furnace condition of the blast furnace, improves economic and technical indexes, reduces the influence caused by high zinc load when zinc in the blast furnace is accumulated to a certain extent, maintains the stable and smooth running of the blast furnace for a long period, and is easy to popularize and apply.
In the invention, gravity dust and cloth bag dust are collectively called as gas dust. The fuel contains coke and coal powder, and r is the zinc content in the coke and coal powder.
In the invention, the normal furnace condition is uniform blanking, stable gas flow, stable slag iron component, air permeability index 15500-16000 and cooling water inlet and outlet temperature difference of 5-6 ℃; otherwise, the furnace is in abnormal furnace conditions;
notes of the zinc removal process:
(1) In the zinc-discharging process of the blast furnace, the operating furnace type is frequently changed, and the temperature difference of cooling water in and out is larger along with the falling fluctuation of slag skin in the zinc-discharging process, so that the monitoring of the temperature of the furnace shell is required to be enhanced in the zinc-discharging process of the blast furnace, and the water temperature difference can be preferably controlled by properly adjusting the water quantity according to the temperature difference variation, so that the operating furnace type is gradually restored.
(2) The tapping management in front of the furnace is enhanced, the phenomenon of mud leakage and mud generation is avoided, and the depth of a tap hole is increased by 2.8m, and the one-time tapping rate of the tap hole is improved. Improves the turnover efficiency of the hot metal ladle and shortens the tapping interval time of the two furnaces. The diameter of the drill bit is preferably enlarged, the tapping time is controlled, the timely tapping of the iron slag is ensured, and the residence time of zinc in the furnace is reduced.
(3) In the zinc-smelting process of the blast furnace, the operating furnace type is changed, and the condition that the slag skin falls off in a large area can lead to the cooling of the furnace temperature, so that the condition of continuous material collapse and material sliding easily occurs. If the condition of cooling the furnace temperature occurs, the furnace temperature is processed according to the cooling operation.
(4) Other alkali metals are discharged along with the zinc operation of the blast furnace, the smoke dust in the tapping process is greatly increased compared with the normal furnace condition, the dust removal efficiency is good in the operation process, the smoke dust is prevented from being discharged, and the stokehole staff is protected by occupational health.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under a high zinc load condition, after the method is adopted, the zinc charging amount and the zinc discharging amount of the blast furnace are timely calculated according to the zinc content change of raw fuel charged into the furnace, and the zinc discharging operation is selectively carried out according to the zinc discharging rate and the furnace condition, so that the problems of furnace condition fluctuation, large fluctuation of water temperature difference of cooling water and the like caused by unstable gas flow of furnace wall bonding coal due to high zinc load are avoided, the furnace condition of the blast furnace is stable than before, the fuel consumption is reduced, and the method is easy to popularize and apply.
According to the invention, the influence of zinc damage on the blast furnace is weakened, the stable forward running period is prolonged, and the technical and economic indexes are greatly improved. The zinc load of the furnace is 1.09kg/t in 2021, and the comprehensive furnace charging grade is 53.93%. The accumulated coke ratio is 415kg/t which is reduced by 9kg/t compared with 2020 on the premise of 3 months of maintenance for 15 days, wherein the 9 months of coke ratio is 400kg/t, the best level in recent years is created, and the utilization coefficient of the 5 months blast furnace reaches 3.68t/m 3 D breakthrough history is high.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
A method for discharging zinc in daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load is carried out according to the following technical scheme: and according to the zinc content of the raw fuel, the zinc content of the furnace is counted and compared with the zinc content of the discharged zinc, when the zinc content of the discharged zinc is lower than the zinc content of the furnace, an operation guideline is selected and adjusted according to the actual condition of the furnace condition, the proper operation parameters are controlled to discharge the residual zinc out of the furnace, and when the zinc content of the discharged zinc is lower than the zinc content of the furnace or zinc residual enrichment influences the change of air flow, the operation furnace type is unstable, and when the furnace condition is uneven, the adjustment range of the operation guideline is enlarged.
(1) Zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows ＝Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) ＝S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content in the fuel,%.
(2) Calculating a Q value by taking any time period as a unit (generally, calculating a daily discharge rate and a month accumulated discharge rate according to days), and when the Q is more than or equal to 100%, proving that the zinc amount fed into the furnace is completely discharged out of the furnace; when Q is less than 100%, residual zinc in the furnace is proved to be easy to be enriched in the furnace in a circulating way, so that the furnace condition is not smooth.
(3) There are three routes to zinc in the blast furnace: "discharged with slag iron, top gas is taken away, and enriched in furnace". Under normal production conditions, zinc is discharged in the blast furnace and is mainly taken away by the top gas, and the zinc accounts for more than 90 percent. Factors influencing zinc discharge with gas are mainly: air flow distribution in furnace, furnace charge air permeability (air quantity/pressure difference), slow air, damping down, furnace top pressure and furnace top temperatureCO in top gas 2 Ratio of/CO.
The zinc compound enters the blast furnace, is reduced in the region above 1000 ℃ at the middle and lower part of the blast furnace, rises with the blast furnace gas flow in a vapor state, condenses and is oxidized to form zinc oxide along with the reduction of temperature, one part of zinc vapor permeates into furnace lining pores or on a wall surface, one part of zinc vapor enters furnace burden, and the other part of zinc vapor escapes from the furnace roof along with gas and enters into dust of a blast furnace gas dust removal system.
(4) The zinc discharging operation is mainly carried out by means of reducing smelting intensity, adjusting gas flow distribution and the like, and according to the zinc discharging rate, proper operation parameters are controlled by adjusting the operation guidelines of the blast furnace, so that more zinc in the furnace is discharged along with gas dust or slag iron, and the zinc discharging rate is improved.
(5) Adjusting the operation system zinc discharging principle: the fuel ratio is increased to improve the heat system, the temperature in the furnace is increased, and zinc is accelerated to volatilize and is discharged along with the gas; reducing the furnace inlet air quantity and the oxygen enrichment quantity, reducing the top pressure, adjusting the upper operation and the lower air supply system to reasonably distribute the gas flow, and properly developing the central gas flow to ensure that zinc is discharged into the gas ash along with the central gas flow; the alkalinity of slag is reduced, the air permeability of a material column is improved, so that the reduced zinc at the middle and lower parts of a blast furnace is easier to discharge out of the furnace along with slag iron, and meanwhile, the adhesive with high zinc content on the furnace wall is easy to fall off and enter a furnace hearth to be discharged along with slag iron.
(6) According to red steel 1350m 3 The zinc discharging operation has two conditions of normal furnace condition and abnormal furnace condition:
1) Under normal furnace conditions: when the furnace condition is normal, if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% in 10 continuous days, zinc discharge operation is carried out, the fuel ratio is improved by 8-12kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 80-120m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 2000-4000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.01-0.015Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.03. If the drainage rate is lower than 70%, the zinc drainage operation force is increased, and the detail is adjusted as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
2) Under abnormal furnace conditions: when the furnace condition is unstable and the air permeability index (air quantity/pressure difference in the furnace) is poor, and the fluctuation range of the temperature difference of the cooling water in and out exceeds the normal fluctuation range, if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 days, the fuel ratio can be improved by 10-15kg/tFe, and the air quantity in the furnace can be reduced by 120-160m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 3000-5000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.02-0.025Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03, and controlling proper heat system (silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%) to implement zinc discharging operation. If the furnace condition is unstable and the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the adjustment amplitude of the zinc discharge operation is increased, and the adjustment details are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 1
A zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load comprises the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the top of the furnace is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced.
Example 2
A zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load comprises the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the top of the furnace is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced.
The specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows ＝Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) ＝S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content in the fuel,%.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 continuous days, but not lower than 70%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 8kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 80m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 2000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.01Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 70% in 10 consecutive days, the specific method for performing zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 12kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 120m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 4000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.015Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.03.
The specific method of the step (5) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 continuous days, but not lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 10kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 120m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 3000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.02Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 15kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 160m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 5000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.025Mpa and reducing1 ton/batch of ore batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron to be 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity to be 0.03.
Example 3
A zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load comprises the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the top of the furnace is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced.
The specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows ＝Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) ＝S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content in the fuel,%.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 continuous days, but not lower than 70%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 12kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 120m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 4000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.015Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 70% in 10 consecutive days, the specific method for performing zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 15kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 160m 3 Per min, reducing oxygen enrichment by 6000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.02Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 2 tons/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.05.
The specific method of the step (5) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 continuous days, but not lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 15kg/tFe, and the furnace inlet air quantity is reduced by 160m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 5000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.025Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 20kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 200m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 8000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.03Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 2 tons/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.05.
Example 4
A zinc discharging method for daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load comprises the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the top of the furnace is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced.
The specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows ＝Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) ＝S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content in the fuel,%.
The specific method of the step (4) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 continuous days, but not lower than 70%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 10kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 100m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 3000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.013Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 70% in 10 consecutive days, the specific method for performing zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 13kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 140m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 5000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.018Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 1.5 tons/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.04.
The specific method of the step (5) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 continuous days, but not lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 13kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 140m 3 Per min, reducing the oxygen enrichment by 4000m 3 Reducing furnace top pressure by 0.022Mpa, reducing ore batch by 1 ton/batch, controlling silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing slag alkalinity by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 18kg/tFe, and the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 180m 3 Per min, the oxygen enrichment amount is reduced by 7000m 3 And/h, reducing the furnace top pressure by 0.028Mpa, reducing the ore batch by 1.7 tons/batch, controlling the silicon content of molten iron by 0.4-0.6%, and reducing the slag alkalinity by 0.04.
Application example 1
The zinc removal rate statistics at 9 months 2021 are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Pb | Zn | K 2 O | Na 2 O | Remarks | |
| Ore carry-in (t) | 57.408 | 115.172 | 294.554 | 381.327 | Total amount of ore (t) x zinc content in ore (%) |
| Coke carry-in (t) | 0.668 | 9.570 | 42.585 | 70.555 | Total amount of coke (t) in month X zinc content (%) |
| Carry in pulverized coal (t) | 0.509 | 3.453 | 16.516 | 31.318 | The total amount of pulverized coal (t) in the current month is multiplied by the zinc content (%) |
| Dust-removing middle belt (t) | 15.627 | 124.677 | 3.668 | 5.758 | Total amount of fly ash (t) in the current month x zinc content (%) |
| Molten iron middle belt (t) | 2.643 | 8.093 | The total amount of molten iron (t) in the current month is multiplied by the zinc content (%) | ||
| Slag with (t) | 187.31 | 206.604 | Total amount of slag in the current month (t). Times.zinc content in slag (%) | ||
| Cumulative amount in furnace (t) | 40.314 | -4.57 | 162.657 | 270.838 | Total amount of zinc carried-away by the raw fuel in the current month |
| Rejection rate (%) | 31.186 | 103.568 | 54.007 | 43.949 | Total amount of zinc carried away/total amount of zinc carried in × 100% |
As above: the total content of zinc carried in the ore, coke and pulverized coal in the month is 128.195 tons, the total content of zinc carried away by the dust and molten iron is 132.77 tons, the zinc discharge rate in the month is 132.77/128.195 ×100% = 103.568% calculated according to the formula (2), the total discharge amount is larger than the furnace charge amount, the zinc discharge condition in the month is better, the stable forward running period of the furnace condition is longer, the coke ratio is 400kg/t under the condition of raw fuel of 53.95 percent of the furnace charge grade in the month, the zinc load is 1.07kg/t, and the alkali load is 6.72kg/t, and the coke ratio index is the best level in recent years.
Application example 2
The zinc removal rate statistics at 25 days 11 and 2021 are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Pb | Zn | K 2 O | Na 2 O | Remarks | |
| Ore carry-in (t) | 2.013 | 4.261 | 9.410 | 13.639 | Total amount of ore (t) x zinc content in ore (%) |
| Coke carry-in (t) | 0.023 | 0.331 | 1.472 | 2.439 | Total amount of coke (t) in month X zinc content (%) |
| Carry in pulverized coal (t) | 0.015 | 0.099 | 0.475 | 0.900 | The total amount of pulverized coal (t) in the current month is multiplied by the zinc content (%) |
| Dust-removing middle belt (t) | 0.716 | 3.596 | 0.121 | 0.409 | Total amount of fly ash (t) in the current month x zinc content (%) |
| Molten iron middle belt (t) | 0.083 | 0.217 | The total amount of molten iron (t) in the current month is multiplied by the zinc content (%) | ||
| Slag with (t) | 5.789 | 8.379 | Total amount of slag in the current month (t). Times.zinc content in slag (%) | ||
| Cumulative amount in furnace (t) | 1.253 | 0.879 | 5.446 | 8.190 | Total amount of zinc carried-away by the raw fuel in the current month |
| Rejection rate (%) | 38.932 | 81.273 | 52.043 | 51.761 | Total amount of zinc carried away/total amount of zinc carried in × 100% |
As above: the zinc discharge rate is only 81.273% in 25 days of 11 months, and the current day gas flow changes to cause unstable furnace conditions, so that the zinc discharge operation is performed:
the furnace inlet air quantity is 3050m 3 The/min is reduced to 2860m 3 Per min, oxygen enrichment amount is 10000m 3 Reducing/h to 5000m 3 And/h, the furnace top pressure is reduced from 0.190Mpa to 0.160Mpa, the ore batch is reduced to 38.8 tons, the coke weight is 400 kg/batch (the fuel ratio is increased by 18 kg/tFe), the silicon content of molten iron is controlled to be 0.4-0.6%, the slag alkalinity is reduced to 1.15-1.17, and the proper development central air flow of an upper distribution matrix is improved. Through zinc discharge operation adjustment, the non-discharged enriched zinc in the blast furnace is discharged along with the acceleration of gas and slag iron, the zinc content in the gas dust and molten iron is increased, and a large amount of residual zinc enriched in the furnace is discharged out of the furnace.
The composition of the molten iron during the day is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Through zinc discharge operation, the zinc content in molten iron is increased from below 0.01% to above 0.1%, and when the zinc content is highest to 0.314% in the day, the zinc discharge effect is obvious as the residual zinc content in the furnace is greatly increased along with the slag iron discharge amount.
The zinc content in the gas dust before and after zinc removal and the comparison are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
The zinc content in the gas dust is mainly the zinc content in the cloth bag dust, the zinc content in the cloth bag dust is increased from 9.834% of 25 days of 11 months to 14.943% of 26 days of 11 months, the zinc discharge rate in the current period of 11 months is 127.28% after calculation through a zinc discharge rate formula Q=P row/P entry, and the fact that the zinc in the residual furnace in 25 days of 11 months is discharged in 26 days of 11 months through zinc discharge operation is proved, the furnace conditions tend to be stable gradually in the later period of 26 night shifts, and various operation parameters are recovered gradually, so that indexes are improved.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A method for discharging zinc in daily production of a blast furnace under the condition of high zinc load is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), collecting the condition of raw materials entering a furnace, the dust removal condition and the molten iron condition, and calculating the zinc discharge rate;
step (2), when the zinc discharge rate Q is more than or equal to 100%, not performing zinc discharge operation; when Q is less than 100%, turning to the step (3);
step (3), judging whether the current furnace condition is normal or not; when judging that the furnace condition is normal, turning to the step (4); when judging that the furnace condition is abnormal, turning to the step (5);
step (4), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 consecutive days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
step (5), if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% or lower than 87% in 2 continuous days, performing zinc discharge operation until the temperature difference of cooling water inlet and outlet is 5-6 ℃ and the zinc content of molten iron is less than 0.01%;
the specific method for the zinc removing operation in the step (4) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced, the oxygen enrichment is reduced, the pressure at the furnace top is reduced, the ore batch is reduced, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled, and the slag alkalinity is reduced;
the specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
zinc rejection rate q=p Row of rows /P Into (I) ；
P Row of rows =Z×z+B×b+T×t
P Into (I) =S×s+Q×q+R×r
Wherein P is Row of rows The zinc content, t, discharged along with the gas ash and slag iron;
P into (I) The zinc content carried by the raw fuel is t;
z: weight of gravity dust removal ash, t;
and z: zinc content of gravity dust-removing ash,%;
b: the weight of the bag dust, t;
b: the content of zinc in the bag dust removal ash is percent;
t: weight of molten iron, t;
t: zinc content in molten iron,%;
s: feeding the sintering ore into a furnace, and t;
s: zinc content in sinter,%;
q: feeding pellets into a furnace, and t;
q: zinc content in pellet,%;
r: fuel feeding amount, t;
r: zinc content,%;
the specific method of the step (4) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87% for 10 continuous days, but not lower than 70%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 8-12kg/tFe, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 80-120 m/min, the oxygen enrichment is reduced by 2000-4000 m/h, the furnace top pressure is reduced by 0.01-0.015Mpa, the ore batch is reduced by 1 ton/batch, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled by 0.4-0.6%, and the slag alkalinity is reduced by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 70% in 10 consecutive days, the specific method for performing zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 12-15kg/tFe, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 120-160m for two hours/min, the oxygen enrichment is reduced by 4000-6000m for two hours/h, the furnace top pressure is reduced by 0.015-0.02Mpa, the ore batch is reduced by 1-2 tons/batch, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled by 0.4-0.6%, and the slag alkalinity is reduced by 0.03-0.05;
the specific method of the step (5) is as follows:
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 100% for 2 continuous days, but not lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation is as follows: the fuel ratio is improved by 10-15kg/tFe, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 120-160 m/min, the oxygen enrichment is reduced by 3000-5000 m/h, the furnace top pressure is reduced by 0.02-0.025Mpa, the ore batch is reduced by 1 ton/batch, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled by 0.4-0.6%, and the slag alkalinity is reduced by 0.03;
if the zinc discharge rate is lower than 87%, the specific method for performing the zinc discharge operation comprises the following steps: the fuel ratio is improved by 15-20kg/tFe, the air quantity entering the furnace is reduced by 160-200 m/min, the oxygen enrichment is reduced by 5000-8000 m/h, the furnace top pressure is reduced by 0.025-0.03Mpa, the ore batch is reduced by 1-2 tons/batch, the silicon content of molten iron is controlled by 0.4-0.6%, and the slag alkalinity is reduced by 0.03-0.05.
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