CN115627306B - Method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by blast furnace - Google Patents
Method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115627306B CN115627306B CN202211218229.3A CN202211218229A CN115627306B CN 115627306 B CN115627306 B CN 115627306B CN 202211218229 A CN202211218229 A CN 202211218229A CN 115627306 B CN115627306 B CN 115627306B
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Smelting conditions are set according to the conditions of raw materials and fuel; 2) And (3) performing corresponding operation according to different furnace conditions in actual blast furnace smelting to obtain qualified molten iron. Fundamentally solves the problems caused by low-grade, large-slag-quantity and high-harmful element materials: the blast furnace has poor air permeability, poor stability of furnace condition, poor technical and economic indexes, easy furnace wall adhesion and the like, and is matched with a charging mode, a distribution matrix is optimized, the central and edge gas flows of the blast furnace are regulated to be balanced, so that the gas flows are distributed reasonably, the hearth is uniformly and actively, the smooth running degree of the furnace condition is obviously improved, the problems of easy material hanging, material sliding and furnace wall adhesion in the prior art are solved, the long-period stable smooth running of the blast furnace is realized, the technical and economic indexes are greatly improved, the fuel cost is reduced, the ton iron cost is reduced by 34 yuan/t, and the silicon content and the alkalinity of molten iron are stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a smelting method, in particular to a method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace, and belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting.
Background
Along with the large-scale, modern and intelligent modern blast furnace and the application of concentrate technology, various iron and steel enterprises are pursuing high-strength smelting, even ultra-high-strength smelting, so as to obtain high-yield and high-quality molten iron and obtain better economic benefits. High grade, large air quantity, high oxygen enrichment, high top pressure, low pressure difference and large coal injection are main means of high-strength smelting, wherein the low pressure difference smelting is also a key place for improving the utilization rate of coal gas, optimizing the economic index of a blast furnace and reducing the fuel ratio. The pressure difference in the smelting parameters of the blast furnace refers to the difference value of the pressure in the furnace minus the pressure at the top of the furnace, and the pressure difference value in normal smelting represents the air permeability of a material column in the furnace, and the pressure difference operation of the blast furnace can be controlled by setting the top pressure in the prior art. In blast furnace smelting, a smelting mode with high top pressure and low pressure difference is generally adopted for pursuing low consumption, but the low pressure difference smelting has higher requirements on ore raw materials and fuel quality. For Yunnan iron and steel enterprises with poor ore resources, more lean ores, less rich ores and high content of harmful elements, the production cost is reduced, only a large proportion of low-grade ore resources with high content of the harmful elements can be used for blast furnace smelting, the comprehensive charging grade is only 55-56%, the slag content reaches more than 410kg/t, the air permeability of a charging column is deteriorated, the pressure difference is increased, meanwhile, the loads of the harmful elements such as sulfur, alkali, lead, zinc, titanium and the like in charging raw materials are increased, the coke quality is poor, the fluctuation is large, the operation difficulty of the blast furnace is further increased, the stability of the furnace condition is poor, the forward running of the blast furnace is not effectively ensured, and the technical and economic indexes are extremely deteriorated. There is therefore a need for improvements in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful-element materials by a blast furnace, which aims to solve a plurality of problems existing in the existing blast furnace for smelting low-grade and high-harmful-element iron ores.
The invention aims to solve the problems that: how to smoothly perform blast furnace smelting by reducing the pressure at the top of the blast furnace under the conditions of unstable smelting low-grade high-harmful-element iron ore resources, unstable fuel quality and the like, and produce qualified molten iron.
The invention is completed by the following technical scheme: a method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Smelting conditions are set according to the conditions of raw materials and fuel: at a volume of 2500m 3 Aiming at the following raw materials and fuel indexes in blast furnace smelting:
raw materials: the grade of the comprehensive ore fed into the furnace is lower than 56%, the zinc load is greater than 0.5kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is greater than 3.5kg/t, and the titanium load is greater than 13.0kg/t;
and (3) fuel: the reactivity of the coke is 25%, the strength of the coke after the reaction is less than 67%, the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, and the wear resistance M10 of the coke is less than 6.0%;
the following smelting conditions are set:
furnace internal pressure: 350-400KPa;
roof pressure: 180-190KPa;
molten iron temperature: 1400-1500 ℃;
silicon content of molten iron: 0.2-0.4%;
gas utilization rate: 45-50%;
slag amount: 400-420kg/t;
column permeability index: 23000;
comprehensive fuel ratio: 515kg/t;
the rest smelting conditions are set conventionally;
2) Corresponding operation is carried out according to different furnace conditions in actual blast furnace smelting, and qualified molten iron is obtained:
21 When the molten iron contains 0.2-0.4% of silicon, the temperature of molten iron is 1400-1500 ℃, the ventilation index of a charging column is 23000, the comprehensive charging grade is more than or equal to 56%, the zinc load is less than or equal to 0.5kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is less than or equal to 3.5kg/t, the titanium load is less than or equal to 13.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is more than or equal to 67%, the cold state strength M40 is more than 87%, the wear resistance M10 of the coke is less than 6.0%, and the following steps are as follows: when the slag has good fluidity, uniform and smooth discharging and uniform material speed, and is in a normal furnace condition, the following operations are performed: on the basis of the set furnace top pressure of 180-190KPa, reducing the furnace top pressure of 5-10KPa, simultaneously adjusting the balanced development of two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, matching with the distribution mode of the edge of the development center, controlling the center temperature of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, namely being beneficial to discharging zinc, ensuring stable and smooth furnace conditions, and simultaneously obtaining qualified molten iron according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation;
22 When the furnace is heated inwards, the silicon content of molten iron is more than 0.40%, the temperature of the molten iron is more than 1500 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is 21000-23000, the comprehensive charging grade is less than 56%, the zinc load is more than 0.5kg/t, the potassium and sodium loads are respectively more than 3.5kg/t, the titanium load is more than 13.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is more than 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is less than 67%, the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, and the wear resistance M10 of the coke is more than 6.0%, the following operations are carried out: on the basis of 180-190KPa of set furnace top pressure, reducing 10-15KPa of furnace top pressure, simultaneously controlling the furnace pressure to be lower than a set lower limit value of 350KPa and the comprehensive fuel ratio to be lower than a set value of 5-10kg/t, simultaneously adjusting the balanced development of two airflows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, matching with the distribution mode of the edge of the development center, controlling the temperature at the center of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, thereby being beneficial to discharging zinc, ensuring stable and smooth furnace conditions, and simultaneously obtaining qualified molten iron according to conventional blast furnace smelting operation;
23 When the furnace is cool, the silicon content of molten iron is less than 0.15%, the temperature of molten iron is less than 1400 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is greater than 23000, the zinc load of charging furnace is greater than 0.8kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is respectively greater than 4.0kg/t, the titanium load is greater than 15.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is greater than 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is less than 67%, and the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, the following operations are carried out: on the basis of the set furnace top pressure of 180-190KPa, reducing the furnace top pressure of 10-15KPa, simultaneously injecting coal powder according to the amount of 2-3 tons/hour, and increasing the material speed by more than 9 batches/hour according to 200-300m 3 The flow rate per minute is reduced, the air supply is reduced, meanwhile, the pressure in the furnace is reduced by 20-30KPa based on 350-400KPa, the gas flow stability is ensured, meanwhile, the balanced development of the two gas flows in the center and the edge of the blast furnace is regulated, and the distribution die with the edge is matched with the development centerThe central temperature of the blast furnace is controlled to be not higher than 400 ℃, so that zinc is discharged conveniently, the stable and smooth furnace condition is ensured, and qualified molten iron is obtained according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation.
The furnace roof pressure reduction operation of step 2) is as follows: the opening of the pressure regulating valve group of the gas pipeline is reduced by 2-3%, and the opening of the stationary blade of the blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine for generating electricity is opened by 1% so as to reduce the pressure at the top of the furnace.
The operation of adjusting the balanced development of the two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace in the step 2) is as follows: from the blast furnace operation point of view, reasonable gas flow distribution takes stable edges and smooth centers as principles, and the distribution of two gas flows of the centers and the edges is controlled so as to fully utilize heat energy and chemical energy, and the specific method is as follows:
1) Improving the condition of raw fuel: the use proportion of high-quality raw fuel is increased, and the furnace burden structure is optimized: firstly, the use proportion of pellets with high titanium content of 3-5% is reduced, and the use proportion of sinter is increased by 3-5%; secondly, the dry quenching ratio is increased by 10-20%, and the common coke ratio is reduced by 10-20%; thirdly, controlling the powder fed into the furnace to be less than 1.0 percent;
2) Wind speed and blast kinetic energy are improved: the wind speed is increased by reducing the area of the wind gap by 10-15% or increasing the wind quantity of the furnace by the wind break and the wind gap, the wind speed is controlled to 245-255m/s, the length of the convolution region is increased, the initial distribution of the coal gas extends towards the center, the dead material column of the center is reduced, and the air permeability and the liquid permeability of the hearth are improved.
The development center of the step 2) gives consideration to the operation of the edge fabric mode as follows: according to the utilization rate of ore batches and coal gas, the distribution matrix is dynamically adjusted by the furnace top infrared monitor as follows: matrix the clothAdjust to->Reducing ore batch, reducing edge and center burden, dispersing central air flow, weakening strength, developing edge air flow, distributing ore and coke to furnace wall position, forming periphery high and centerThe low bucket-shaped material contracts the central air flow, inhibits the edge air flow, allows the coal gas to pass through the center and the ore coke layer, increases the contact time of the coal gas and the ore, and promotes indirect reduction.
The operation of controlling the central temperature of the blast furnace to be lower than 400 ℃ in the step 2) is as follows: 1) Matrix the clothAdjust to->The edge air flow is properly released, the center air flow is automatically weakened, and the center temperature is lower than 400 ℃; 2) The central coke proportion is reduced, so that the central air flow is automatically weakened, and the central temperature is lower than 400 ℃.
The operation of the control furnace pressure in the step 22) below the set lower limit value 350KPa is as follows: when the pressure in the furnace reaches the set upper limit value of 400 KPa: 1) Based on the blast furnace blast volume, the ratio is 100-200m 3 The amount per minute reduces the blast volume, so that the pressure in the furnace is reduced along with the reduction; 2) Opening a blast furnace blow-off valve according to the ratio of 100-200m based on the normal blast furnace blast volume 3 The amount per minute reduces the blast volume, causing the furnace pressure to drop with it.
Said step 22) of controlling the integrated fuel ratio to be lower than the set integrated fuel ratio by 5-10kg/t operates as follows: the comprehensive fuel ratio is reduced by 5-10kg/t based on the set comprehensive fuel ratio of 515kg/t, coal dust is firstly injected according to the amount of 2700kg/h, materials are added according to the amount of 9 batches/h, and each batch of iron is controlled to contain 30.5 tons, so that the comprehensive fuel ratio is reduced.
In the invention, the quality of the raw materials and the fuel used by the applicant is poor, and the grade of the raw materials and the fuel is difficult to reach 58%, so that if the traditional blast furnace top pressure is adopted for the intensive smelting, the stable and smooth blast furnace smelting is difficult to maintain, and the main reasons are as follows:
(1) In the furnace burden with poor quality of raw materials and fuel and low grade, more powder with the size of <5mm is needed, no matter how the size fraction composition of the sintered ore is improved, the non-ferrous raw materials occupy higher proportion and have lower grade, and the powder is generated when the furnace is subjected to low-temperature reduction, so that the ventilation performance of the furnace burden is affected;
(2) Blast furnace top pressure operation may produce the following: the gas flow rate is reduced, the powder is difficult to discharge along with the gas, and the gas permeability is further deteriorated in the furnace;
(3) In general, raw materials with low grade necessarily contain higher impurities or harmful elements, especially Zn element, if the raw materials cannot be carried away by gas flow, the Zn discharge rate is reduced, furnace wall bonding is formed at the upper part of a furnace body, and furnace conditions are uneven.
The invention fundamentally solves the problems of low grade, large slag quantity and high harmful element materials: the method has the advantages that the problems of poor air permeability, poor stability of furnace conditions, poor technical and economic indexes, easiness in bonding of furnace walls and the like of the blast furnace are solved, the charging mode and the distribution matrix are matched, the balance of gas flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace is adjusted, the gas flows are distributed reasonably, the hearth is uniformly and actively, the smooth running degree of the furnace conditions is obviously improved, the problems of easiness in material hanging, material sliding and furnace wall bonding in the prior art are solved, the long-period stable smooth running of the blast furnace is realized, the technical and economic indexes are greatly improved, the comprehensive fuel ratio is reduced from original 530kg/t to 510kg/t, the coke ratio is reduced from original 380kg/t to 360kg/t, the fuel cost is greatly reduced under the condition of huge difference of coal coke prices, the silicon content of iron tons is reduced by 34 yuan/t, the silicon content of molten iron is stable and alkalinity is stable, the reasonable use of low-grade and high harmful element resources is promoted, and the problem of shortage of iron ore in Yunnan is alleviated.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in order to facilitate the unified description of the present invention. The embodiments are not to be construed as limited to the particular techniques or conditions illustrated herein. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
Example 1
A method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace comprises the following steps:
1) At a volume of 2500m 3 Aiming at the following raw materials and fuel indexes in blast furnace smelting:
raw materials: the grade of the comprehensive ore charged into the furnace is 55.87%, the zinc load is 0.63kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 3.8kg/t, and the titanium load is more than 13.8kg/t;
and (3) fuel: coke reactivity 26.35%, coke strength 66.21% after reaction, coke cold strength M4085.76%, coke wear resistance M10.4%;
the following smelting conditions are set:
furnace internal pressure: 350-400KPa;
roof pressure: 180-190KPa;
molten iron temperature: 1400-1500 ℃;
silicon content of molten iron: 0.2-0.4%;
gas utilization rate: 45-50%;
slag amount: 400-420kg/t;
column permeability index: 23000;
comprehensive fuel ratio: 515kg/t;
the rest smelting conditions are set conventionally;
2) In actual blast furnace smelting:
21 0.33% of silicon in molten iron, the temperature of the molten iron is 1460 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is 23000, the comprehensive charging grade is 56.35%, the zinc load is 0.46kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 3.1kg/t, the titanium load is 12.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is 22.63%, the strength after the coke reaction is 68%, the cold state strength M40% of the coke is 88%, the wear resistance M10.0% of the coke is 10.0%, and the following steps are that: when the slag has good fluidity, uniform and smooth discharging and uniform material speed, and is in a normal furnace condition, the following operations are performed:
211 On the basis of the set roof pressure of 180KPa, the roof pressure of 5KPa is reduced, specifically as follows: opening the pressure regulating valve group of the gas pipeline is reduced by 2%, and simultaneously opening the stationary blade opening of the blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine for generating electricity by 1%, so as to reduce the pressure at the top of the furnace;
212 Adjusting the balanced development of the two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, and specifically comprises the following steps:
2121 Improving raw fuel conditions): the use proportion of high-quality raw fuel is increased, and the furnace burden structure is optimized: firstly, the use proportion of pellets with high titanium content of 3% is reduced, and the use proportion of sinter is increased by 3%; secondly, the dry quenching proportion is increased by 10 percent, and the common coke proportion is reduced by 10 percent; thirdly, controlling the powder fed into the furnace to be less than 1.0 percent;
2122 Increasing wind speed and blast kinetic energy): the area of the air opening is reduced by 10% through damping down and air blocking, the air speed is controlled to 245m/s, the length of a convolution area is increased, the initial distribution of coal gas extends towards the center, a center dead column is reduced, and the air permeability and liquid permeability of a hearth are improved;
213 A cloth mode matched with a development center to give consideration to edges, specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the utilization rate of ore batches and coal gas, the distribution matrix is dynamically adjusted by the furnace top infrared monitor as follows: matrix the clothAdjust to->Reducing ore batches, reducing edge and center furnace burden, dispersing central air flow, weakening intensity, developing edge air flow, distributing ore and coke to a furnace wall position to form a bucket-shaped material with high periphery and low center, shrinking the central air flow, inhibiting the edge air flow, allowing coal gas to pass through a center and a ore coke layer, increasing contact time of the coal gas and the ore, and promoting indirect reduction;
214 Controlling the central temperature of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, specifically comprising the following steps:
1) Matrix the clothAdjust to->The edge air flow is properly released, the center air flow is automatically weakened, and the center temperature is lower than 400 ℃;
namely, the zinc is discharged conveniently, the stable and smooth furnace condition is ensured, meanwhile, qualified molten iron is obtained according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation, the chemical composition of the molten iron is shown in a table 1, and main technical and economic indexes are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 1
| Heat of furnace | Si(％) | S(％) | P(％) | Mn(％) | Ti(％) | Zn(％) | V(％) |
| 2135478 | 0.53 | 0.026 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.002 | 0.087 |
| 2135479 | 0.45 | 0.025 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.002 | 0.079 |
| 2135480 | 0.36 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 0.081 |
| 2135481 | 0.43 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 0.08 |
| 2135482 | 0.28 | 0.014 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.002 | 0.074 |
| 2135483 | 0.35 | 0.016 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.002 | 0.086 |
| 2135484 | 0.44 | 0.017 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.072 |
| 2135485 | 0.29 | 0.022 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.002 | 0.076 |
| 2135486 | 0.36 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.003 | 0.068 |
| 2135487 | 0.24 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.071 |
| 2135488 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.069 |
| 2135489 | 0.21 | 0.027 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.002 | 0.076 |
| 2135490 | 0.25 | 0.025 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.193 |
TABLE 2
Example 2
A method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace comprises the following steps:
1) At a volume of 2500m 3 Aiming at the following raw materials and fuel indexes in blast furnace smelting:
raw materials: the grade of the comprehensive ore charged into the furnace is 55.87%, the zinc load is 0.63kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 3.8kg/t, and the titanium load is 13.8kg/t;
and (3) fuel: coke reactivity 26.35%, coke strength 66.21% after reaction, coke cold strength M4085.76%, coke wear resistance M10.4%;
the following smelting conditions are set:
furnace internal pressure: 350-400KPa;
roof pressure: 180-190KPa;
molten iron temperature: 1400-1500 ℃;
silicon content of molten iron: 0.2-0.4%;
gas utilization rate: 45-50%;
slag amount: 400-420kg/t;
column permeability index: 23000;
comprehensive fuel ratio: 515kg/t;
the rest smelting conditions are set conventionally;
2) In actual blast furnace smelting:
21 The furnace is internally heated, the molten iron contains 0.52 percent of silicon, the temperature of the molten iron is 1510 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is 22000, the comprehensive charging grade is 55.87 percent, the zinc load is 0.63kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 3.8kg/t, the titanium load is 13.8kg/t, the reactivity of coke is 26.35 percent, the strength of the coke after reaction is 66.21 percent, the cold state strength M of the coke is 40.76 percent, and the wear resistance M of the coke is 10.5 percent, the following operation is carried out:
211 On the basis of the set roof pressure 190 KPa), the roof pressure of 10KPa is reduced, in particular as follows:
opening the pressure regulating valve group of the gas pipeline is reduced by 3%, and simultaneously opening the stationary blade opening of the blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine for generating electricity by 1%, so as to reduce the pressure at the top of the furnace;
212 Controlling the pressure in the furnace to be lower than a set lower limit value of 350KPa and the comprehensive fuel ratio to be lower than a set value of 7kg/t;
213 Adjusting the balanced development of the two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, and specifically comprises the following steps:
2131 Improving raw fuel conditions): the use proportion of high-quality raw fuel is increased, and the furnace burden structure is optimized: firstly, the use proportion of pellets with high titanium content of 5% is reduced, and the use proportion of sinter is increased by 5%; secondly, the dry quenching ratio is increased by 20%, and the common coke ratio is reduced by 20%; thirdly, controlling the powder fed into the furnace to be less than 1.0 percent;
2132 Increasing wind speed and blast kinetic energy): the air speed is increased by increasing the air quantity of the furnace, the air speed is controlled to be 255m/s, the length of a convolution zone is increased, the initial distribution of coal gas is extended to the center, a center dead column is reduced, and the air permeability and liquid permeability of a hearth are improved;
214 A cloth mode matched with a development center to give consideration to edges, specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the utilization rate of ore batches and coal gas, the distribution matrix is dynamically adjusted by the furnace top infrared monitor as follows: matrix the clothAdjust to->Reducing ore batches, reducing edge and center furnace burden, dispersing central air flow, weakening intensity, developing edge air flow, distributing ore and coke to a furnace wall position to form a bucket-shaped material with high periphery and low center, shrinking the central air flow, inhibiting the edge air flow, allowing coal gas to pass through a center and a ore coke layer, increasing contact time of the coal gas and the ore, and promoting indirect reduction;
215 Controlling the central temperature of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, specifically comprising the following steps:
the proportion of the central coke is reduced, so that the central air flow is automatically weakened, and the central temperature is lower than 400 ℃;
the zinc is discharged conveniently, the stable and smooth furnace condition is ensured, meanwhile, qualified molten iron is obtained according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation, the chemical composition of the molten iron is shown in table 1, and the main technical and economic indexes are shown in table 2:
TABLE 1
| Heat of furnace | Si(％) | S(％) | P(％) | Mn(％) | Ti(％) | Zn(％) | V(％) |
| 2135478 | 0.53 | 0.026 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.002 | 0.087 |
| 2135479 | 0.45 | 0.025 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.002 | 0.079 |
| 2135480 | 0.36 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 0.081 |
| 2135481 | 0.43 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 0.08 |
| 2135482 | 0.28 | 0.014 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.002 | 0.074 |
| 2135483 | 0.35 | 0.016 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.002 | 0.086 |
| 2135484 | 0.44 | 0.017 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.072 |
| 2135485 | 0.29 | 0.022 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.002 | 0.076 |
| 2135486 | 0.36 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.003 | 0.068 |
| 2135487 | 0.24 | 0.028 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.071 |
| 2135488 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.069 |
| 2135489 | 0.21 | 0.027 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.002 | 0.076 |
| 2135490 | 0.25 | 0.025 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.193 |
TABLE 2
Example 3
A method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace comprises the following steps:
1) At a volume of 2500m 3 Aiming at the following raw materials and fuel indexes in blast furnace smelting:
raw materials: the grade of the comprehensive ore charged into the furnace is 55.87%, the zinc load is 0.63kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 3.8kg/t, and the titanium load is 13.8kg/t;
and (3) fuel: coke reactivity 26.35%, coke strength 66.21% after reaction, coke cold strength M4085.76%, coke wear resistance M10.4%;
the following smelting conditions are set:
furnace internal pressure: 350-400KPa;
roof pressure: 180-190KPa;
molten iron temperature: 1400-1500 ℃;
silicon content of molten iron: 0.2-0.4%;
gas utilization rate: 45-50%;
slag amount: 400-420kg/t;
column permeability index: 23000;
comprehensive fuel ratio: 515kg/t;
the rest smelting conditions are set conventionally;
2) In actual blast furnace smelting:
21 The furnace is cooled inwards, the molten iron contains 0.13 percent of silicon, the temperature of the molten iron is 1390 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is 23500, the charging zinc load is 0.9kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is 4.3kg/t, the titanium load is 15.8kg/t, the coke reactivity is 26.35 percent, the strength after the coke reaction is 66.21 percent, and the coke cold state strength is M4085.76 percent, the following operations are carried out:
211 On the basis of the set roof pressure of 180-190KPa, the roof pressure of 15KPa is reduced, specifically as follows:
opening the pressure regulating valve group of the gas pipeline is reduced by 3%, and simultaneously opening the stationary blade opening of the blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine for generating electricity by 1%, so as to reduce the pressure at the top of the furnace;
212 Coal powder is sprayed according to the amount of 3 tons/hour, the material speed is increased to be more than 9 batches/hour, and the material speed is increased to 300m 3 The flow per minute is reduced and the air supply is carried out at the same time on the basis of 350-400KPa of the set furnace pressureThe pressure drop is 20KPa, so that the gas flow is ensured to be stable;
213 Adjusting the balanced development of the two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, and specifically comprises the following steps:
2131 Improving raw fuel conditions): the use proportion of high-quality raw fuel is increased, and the furnace burden structure is optimized: firstly, the use proportion of pellets with high titanium content of 4% is reduced, and the use proportion of sinter is increased by 3-5%; secondly, the dry quenching ratio is increased by 15%, and the common coke ratio is reduced by 15%; thirdly, controlling the powder fed into the furnace to be less than 1.0 percent;
2132 Increasing wind speed and blast kinetic energy): the air speed is increased by reducing the area of the air opening by 12% or increasing the air quantity of the furnace by blowing down and blocking the air opening, the air speed is controlled to 245m/s, the length of a convolution area is increased, the initial distribution of coal gas is extended towards the center, a center dead column is reduced, and the air permeability and liquid permeability of a hearth are improved;
214 A cloth mode matched with a development center to give consideration to edges, specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the utilization rate of ore batches and coal gas, the distribution matrix is dynamically adjusted by the furnace top infrared monitor as follows: matrix the clothAdjust to->Reducing ore batches, reducing edge and center furnace burden, dispersing central air flow, weakening intensity, developing edge air flow, distributing ore and coke to a furnace wall position to form a bucket-shaped material with high periphery and low center, shrinking the central air flow, inhibiting the edge air flow, allowing coal gas to pass through a center and a ore coke layer, increasing contact time of the coal gas and the ore, and promoting indirect reduction;
215 Controlling the central temperature of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, specifically comprising the following steps:
1) Matrix the clothAdjust to->The edge air flow is properly released, the center air flow is automatically weakened, and the center temperature is lower than 400 ℃;
the zinc is discharged conveniently, the stable and smooth furnace condition is ensured, meanwhile, qualified molten iron is obtained according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation, the chemical composition of the molten iron is shown in table 1, and the main technical and economic indexes are shown in table 2:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
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Claims (7)
1. A method for smelting low-grade high-harmful element materials by a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Smelting conditions are set according to the conditions of raw materials and fuel: at a volume of 2500m 3 Aiming at the following raw materials and fuel indexes in blast furnace smelting:
raw materials: the grade of the comprehensive ore fed into the furnace is lower than 56%, the zinc load is greater than 0.5kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is greater than 3.5kg/t, and the titanium load is greater than 13.0kg/t;
and (3) fuel: the reactivity of the coke is 25%, the strength of the coke after the reaction is less than 67%, the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, and the wear resistance M10 of the coke is less than 6.0%;
the following smelting conditions are set:
furnace internal pressure: 350-400KPa;
roof pressure: 180-190KPa;
molten iron temperature: 1400-1500 ℃;
silicon content of molten iron: 0.2-0.4%;
gas utilization rate: 45-50%;
slag amount: 400-420kg/t;
column permeability index: 23000;
comprehensive fuel ratio: 515kg/t;
the rest smelting conditions are set conventionally;
2) Corresponding operation is carried out according to different furnace conditions in actual blast furnace smelting, and qualified molten iron is obtained:
21 When the molten iron contains 0.2-0.4% of silicon, the temperature of molten iron is 1400-1500 ℃, the ventilation index of a charging column is 23000, the comprehensive charging grade is more than or equal to 56%, the zinc load is less than or equal to 0.5kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is less than or equal to 3.5kg/t, the titanium load is less than or equal to 13.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is more than or equal to 67%, the cold state strength M40 is more than 87%, the wear resistance M10 of the coke is less than 6.0%, and the following steps are as follows: when the slag has good fluidity, uniform and smooth discharging and uniform material speed, and is in a normal furnace condition, the following operations are performed: on the basis of the set furnace top pressure of 180-190KPa, reducing the furnace top pressure of 5-10KPa, simultaneously adjusting the balanced development of two air flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, matching with the distribution mode of the edge of the development center, controlling the center temperature of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, namely being beneficial to discharging zinc, ensuring stable and smooth furnace conditions, and simultaneously obtaining qualified molten iron according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation;
22 When the furnace is heated inwards, the silicon content of molten iron is more than 0.40%, the temperature of the molten iron is more than 1500 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is 21000-23000, the comprehensive charging grade is less than 56%, the zinc load is more than 0.5kg/t, the potassium and sodium loads are respectively more than 3.5kg/t, the titanium load is more than 13.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is more than 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is less than 67%, the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, and the wear resistance M10 of the coke is more than 6.0%, the following operations are carried out: on the basis of 180-190KPa of set furnace top pressure, reducing 10-15KPa of furnace top pressure, simultaneously controlling the furnace pressure to be lower than a set lower limit value of 350KPa and the comprehensive fuel ratio to be lower than a set value of 5-10kg/t, simultaneously adjusting the balanced development of two airflows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, matching with the distribution mode of the edge of the development center, controlling the temperature at the center of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃, thereby being beneficial to discharging zinc, ensuring stable and smooth furnace conditions, and simultaneously obtaining qualified molten iron according to conventional blast furnace smelting operation;
23 When the furnace is cool, the silicon content of molten iron is less than 0.15%, the temperature of molten iron is less than 1400 ℃, the air permeability index of a charging column is greater than 23000, the zinc load of charging furnace is greater than 0.8kg/t, the potassium-sodium load is respectively greater than 4.0kg/t, the titanium load is greater than 15.0kg/t, the coke reactivity is greater than 25%, the strength after the coke reaction is less than 67%, and the cold state strength M40 of the coke is less than 87%, the following operations are carried out: on the basis of the set furnace top pressure of 180-190KPa, reducing the furnace top pressure of 10-15KPa, simultaneously injecting coal powder according to the amount of 2-3 tons/hour, and increasing the material speed by more than 9 batches/hour according to 200-300m 3 The flow of/minute reduces the air supply, simultaneously reduces 20-30KPa on the basis of 350-400KPa of the set furnace pressure, ensures the stability of the gas flow, simultaneously adjusts the balanced development of the two gas flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace, and controls the temperature at the center of the blast furnace to be not higher than 400 ℃ in cooperation with the distribution mode at the edge of the development center, thereby being beneficial to discharging zinc, ensuring the stable and smooth furnace condition and simultaneously obtaining qualified molten iron according to the conventional blast furnace smelting operation.
2. The method for smelting low-grade, high-hazardous-element materials in a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the furnace top pressure reducing operation of step 2) is as follows: the opening of the pressure regulating valve group of the gas pipeline is reduced by 2-3%, and the opening of the stationary blade of the blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine for generating electricity is opened by 1% so as to reduce the pressure at the top of the furnace.
3. The method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful element materials by using the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the operation of adjusting the balanced development of the two gas flows at the center and the edge of the blast furnace in the step 2) is as follows: from the blast furnace operation point of view, reasonable gas flow distribution takes stable edges and smooth centers as principles, and the distribution of two gas flows of the centers and the edges is controlled so as to fully utilize heat energy and chemical energy, and the specific method is as follows:
1) Improving the condition of raw fuel: the use proportion of high-quality raw fuel is increased, and the furnace burden structure is optimized: firstly, the use proportion of pellets with high titanium content of 3-5% is reduced, and the use proportion of sinter is increased by 3-5%; secondly, the dry quenching ratio is increased by 10-20%, and the common coke ratio is reduced by 10-20%; thirdly, controlling the powder fed into the furnace to be less than 1.0 percent;
2) Wind speed and blast kinetic energy are improved: the wind speed is increased by reducing the area of the wind gap by 10-15% or increasing the wind quantity of the furnace by the wind break and the wind gap, the wind speed is controlled to 245-255m/s, the length of the convolution region is increased, the initial distribution of the coal gas extends towards the center, the dead material column of the center is reduced, and the air permeability and the liquid permeability of the hearth are improved.
4. The method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful element materials by using a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the development center of the step 2) in the edge distribution mode is as follows: according to the utilization rate of ore batches and coal gas, the distribution matrix is dynamically adjusted by the furnace top infrared monitor as follows: matrix the clothAdjust to->The ore batch is reduced, the edge and center furnace burden is reduced, the center air flow is dispersed and weakened, the edge air flow is developed, ore and coke are distributed to the position of a furnace wall, a bucket-shaped material with high periphery and low center is formed, the center air flow is contracted, the edge air flow is restrained, coal gas passes through the center and a ore coke layer, the contact time of the coal gas and the ore is prolonged, and indirect reduction is promoted.
5. The method for smelting low-grade and high-harmful element materials by using a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the control of the blast furnace center temperature in the step 2) is performed at a temperature lower than 400 ℃ as follows: 1) Matrix the clothIs adjusted toThe edge air flow is properly released, the center air flow is automatically weakened, and the center temperature is lower than 400 ℃; 2) Center coke is madeThe ratio is reduced, so that the central air flow is automatically weakened, and the central temperature is lower than 400 ℃.
6. The method for smelting low-grade high-harmful-element materials in a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the controlling furnace pressure in the step 22) below the set lower limit value 350KPa is as follows: when the pressure in the furnace reaches the set upper limit value of 400 KPa: 1) Based on the blast furnace blast volume, the ratio is 100-200m 3 The amount per minute reduces the blast volume, so that the pressure in the furnace is reduced along with the reduction; 2) Opening a blast furnace blow-off valve according to the ratio of 100-200m based on the normal blast furnace blast volume 3 The amount per minute reduces the blast volume, causing the furnace pressure to drop with it.
7. The method for smelting low-grade, high-harmful-element materials in a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein said controlling the integrated fuel ratio of step 22) to be lower than the set integrated fuel ratio of 5-10kg/t is operated as follows: the comprehensive fuel ratio is reduced by 5-10kg/t based on the set comprehensive fuel ratio of 515kg/t, coal dust is firstly injected according to the amount of 2700kg/h, materials are added according to the amount of 9 batches/h, and each batch of iron is controlled to contain 30.5 tons, so that the comprehensive fuel ratio is reduced.
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