CN114806737B - 一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用,每100份所述清洁剂包括如下重量份数的组分:表面活性剂X1 5‑20份;表面活性剂X2 1‑6份;表面活性剂X3 4‑8份;分散剂1‑3份;有机溶剂1‑10份;酶制剂0.5‑1.5份;余量为水。本发明的专用清洁剂能够针对性地去除灭火防护服表面以及内层残留的PAHs,通过配方中非离子表面活性的乳化作用,以及有机溶剂的溶解能力,充分捕捉PAHs分子。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于清洁剂领域,尤其是涉及一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
多环芳烃(简称PAHs)为致癌污染物,属于半挥发性脂溶性化合物,多为有机塑料不充分燃烧后产生。而消防员在参与灭火救援过程中,燃烧环境复杂多变,国内外报道中均发现PAHs的污染残留在灭火防护服装中,PAHs由于具有毒性、遗传毒性、突变性和致癌性,对人体可造成多种危害,如对呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统损伤,对肝脏、肾脏造成损害。而目前针对灭火防护服装中的PA Hs的清洁尚无高效的针对性清洁剂和清洗工艺,尤其是针对多层结构中的污染去除鲜有报道。
此外,灭火防护服装多为多层功能性面料组合而成,如何清洗位于内侧的中间层以及中间层表面残留的PAHs也是本领域亟待解决的技术问题。所以本发明提出一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用,以解决上述技术空白。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明创造旨在克服现有技术中的缺陷,提出一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂及其制备方法和应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,每100份包括如下重量份数的组分:
优选的,所述表面活性剂X1为C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物。
优选的,所述表面活性剂X2为聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚。
优选的,所述表面活性剂X3为烷基糖苷。
优选的,所述分散剂为丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物。
优选的,所述有机溶剂为异丙醇。
优选的,所述酶制剂为脂肪酶。
本发明还提供一种上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、按照组分的重量份数分别称取酶制剂与异丙醇,将两者预混备用;
S2、按照组分的重量份数分别称取纯净水、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚、烷基糖苷、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
本发明还提供一种应用上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂进行灭火防护服装清洗的工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)将上述专用清洁剂配制为质量百分比为50%-80%的清洁剂溶液;
(2)将配制好的清洁剂溶液预先喷涂至待清洗的灭火防护服装表面;
若灭火防护服装的中间层防水透气膜白色朝向外层时,向其外层表面喷涂上述专用清洁剂溶液,喷涂压力为0.2-0.3MPa,喷涂距离为10-20cm,随后静置3-5min;
若灭火防护服装的中间层防水透气膜白色朝向内层时,向其内层喷涂上述专用清洁剂,喷涂压力为0.1-0.2MPa,喷涂距离为10-20cm,随后静置3-5min;
(3)将喷涂清洁剂溶液的灭火防护服装进行水洗操作后烘干。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中水洗操作中使用的主洗液包括如下重量份数的组分:
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25-30份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5-10份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚1-3份;硼砂0.5-1份;丙二醇1-2份;复合酶0.5-1份;羧甲基纤维素钠2-3份,剩余组分为水。
优选的,水洗操作的过程为:
将质量百分比为0.5%-1.5%的主洗液溶液先后进行一次洗涤、二次洗涤、漂洗和脱水,其中一次洗涤的洗涤时间为3-5min,转速为35-55rpm,二次洗涤的洗涤时间为10-15min,转速为35-55rpm,漂洗的时间为2-4min,托脱水转速为350-450rpm,时间为1-2min。
相对于现有技术,本发明创造具有以下优势:
本发明的专用清洁剂能够针对性地去除灭火防护服表面以及内层残留的PAHs,通过配方中非离子表面活性的乳化作用,以及有机溶剂的溶解能力,充分捕捉PAHs分子。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明创造所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明创造。
实施例1
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份,烷基糖苷8份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇10份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶1份与异丙醇10份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水65份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份、烷基糖苷8份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
实施例2
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物5份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚4份,烷基糖苷10份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇1份,脂肪酶0.5份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶0.5份与异丙醇1份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水78.5kg、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物5kg、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚4份、烷基糖苷10份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
实施例3
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚2份,烷基糖苷6份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1.5份,异丙醇5份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶1份与异丙醇5份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水74.5份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚2份、烷基糖苷6份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1.5份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
实施例4
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物16份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份,烷基糖苷3份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇15份,脂肪酶2份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶2份与异丙醇15份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水60份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物16份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份、烷基糖苷3份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
实施例5
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物13份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚4份,烷基糖苷8份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇15份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶1份与异丙醇15份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水58份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物13份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚4份、烷基糖苷8份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
对比例1
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物1份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份,烷基糖苷8份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇10份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶1份与异丙醇10份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水74份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份、烷基糖苷8份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
对比例2
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚1份,烷基糖苷8份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇10份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取脂肪酶1份与异丙醇10份,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水69份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份、烷基糖苷8份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
对比例3
一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂,包括如下重量份数的组分:C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份,烷基糖苷8份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇1份,脂肪酶1份。
上述灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
分别称取纯净水74份、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物10份、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚5份、烷基糖苷8份、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,脂肪酶1份,加入配料罐后加热搅拌至充分溶解;冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂;
应用例1
1、制备烟尘污布:
(1)制备空白基布
选用符合标准XF-10的三层结构面料进行包缝,外层为藏蓝色阻燃外层,中间层为防水透气层,内层为舒适内层,外层、中间层和内层的尺寸为40±2cm×15±2cm。为了保证实验的重复性,在内层面料下增加一层铝箔覆盖,避免烟尘沿着内层扩散。组合中防水透气层朝向阻燃外层。
(2)空白基布进行烟气污染:
(a)将包缝后的多层空白基布固定在模拟消防服烟气污染的实验装置中的污染腔内的织物夹具上,调整空白基布与夹具底座之间的角度、高度,以模拟消防人员身体不同位置的污染情况;
(b)开启模拟消防服烟气污染的实验装置(专利号202022509487.X中公开的装置)中电热炉,设定加热温度为700℃对标准燃烧塑料杯(塑料杯选用中放热量标准燃烧物:聚苯乙烯塑料杯,重量30±2g,高9.5cm,直径8.5cm)进行辐射加热,此过程包含塑料杯热分解和燃烧碳化过程,进而可对空白基布进行烟熏,作用时间为20min,烟尘最高温度控制在100℃左右,以模拟火灾现场的烟气对灭火防护服装制品的烟熏状态。
将实施例1-5以及对比例1-3的清洗剂加水配制为质量百分比为1%的清洁剂溶液,采用喷枪向烟尘污布的外表面喷涂上述清洁剂溶液,喷涂压力为0.2MPa,喷涂距离为15cm,静置5min。
将喷涂清洁剂的烟尘污布后进行水洗操作,水洗操作中使用的主洗液包括如下重量份数的组分:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份;硼砂0.5份;丙二醇1份;复合酶0.5份;羧甲基纤维素钠2份,剩余组分为水。
将质量百分比为0.8%的主洗液溶液先后进行一次洗涤、二次洗涤、漂洗和脱水,其中一次洗涤的洗涤时间为5min,转速为55rp m,二次洗涤的洗涤时间为15min,转速为55rpm,漂洗的时间为4min,脱水转速为450rpm,时间为2min。
烘干温度曲线采用变温烘干,首先将服装在40℃环境中均匀烘干90min,然后温度升高至65℃烘干30min进行杀菌消毒,然后降低温度至40℃以下,便可打开舱门,取出污布。
清洁效果测试
以PAHs为主要研究对象。参照标准AfPS GS 2014:01PAK,采用气相色谱-质谱联用对24种PAHs进行测试分析。测试结果见下表:
表1烟尘污布清洗后PAHs去除率
污布清洗工艺 | 清洗前 | 清洗后(中间层) | 去除率% |
实施例1 | 220 | 68 | 69.1 |
实施例2 | 220 | 98 | 55.4 |
实施例3 | 220 | 83 | 62.3 |
实施例4 | 220 | 56 | 74.5 |
实施例5 | 220 | 60 | 72.7 |
对比例1 | 220 | 103 | 53.2 |
对比例2 | 220 | 72 | 67.3 |
对比例3 | 220 | 100 | 54.5 |
由上表的可以看出,活性物质含量的提高利于提高PAHS去除率,通过非离子表面活性剂与有机溶剂的合适配比,利于提高PAHs去除率。
应用例2
将实施例1的清洗剂加水配制为质量百分比为1%的清洁剂溶液,采用灭火防护服装浸泡至清洁剂溶液中,浸泡15min。
将浸泡后的灭火防护服装后进行水洗操作,水洗操作中使用的主洗液包括如下重量份数的组分:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份;硼砂0.5份;丙二醇1份;复合酶0.5份;羧甲基纤维素钠2份,剩余组分为水。
装载5套污染后的灭火防护服装放入水洗机(型号为SX-250,济南绿洲清洗设备有限公司购入)进行水洗,添加50g液体洗涤剂,设置水位深度为9cm,洗涤时间为5min,转速为55rpm;完成后增加水位至15cm,洗涤时间为15min,转速为55rpm;排空水位,后加水至40cm,漂洗4min后排空水位,此过程重复3次;设置脱水转速为450rpm,时间为2min;取出衣服放入烘干柜(型号为DC6-15,品牌为伊莱克斯)中烘干消毒。
烘干温度曲线采用变温烘干,首先将服装在40℃环境中均匀烘干90min,然后温度升高至65℃烘干30min进行杀菌消毒,然后降低温度至40℃以下,便可打开舱门,取走服装。
应用例3
将实施例1的清洗剂加水配制为质量百分比为1%的清洁剂溶液,采用喷枪向烟尘污布的外表面喷涂上述清洁剂溶液,喷涂压力为0.2MPa,喷涂距离为10-20cm,静置5min。
将喷涂清洗剂后的灭火防护服装后进行水洗操作,水洗操作中使用的主洗液包括如下重量份数的组分:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份;硼砂0.5份;丙二醇1份;复合酶0.5份;羧甲基纤维素钠2份,剩余组分为水。
装载5套污染后的灭火防护服装放入水洗机(型号为SX-250,济南绿洲清洗设备有限公司购入)进行水洗,添加50g液体洗涤剂,设置水位深度为9cm,洗涤时间为5min,转速为55rpm;完成后增加水位至15cm,洗涤时间为15min,转速为55rpm;排空水位,后加水至40cm,漂洗4min后排空水位,此过程重复3次;设置脱水转速为450rpm,时间为2min;取出衣服放入烘干柜(型号为DC6-15,品牌为伊莱克斯)中烘干消毒。
烘干温度曲线采用变温烘干,首先将服装在40℃环境中均匀烘干90min,然后温度升高至65℃烘干30min进行杀菌消毒,然后降低温度至40℃以下,便可打开舱门,取走服装。
应用例4
配制水洗操作中使用的主洗液,主洗液包括如下重量份数的组分:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份;硼砂0.5份;丙二醇1份;复合酶0.5份;羧甲基纤维素钠2份,剩余组分为水。
装载5套污染后的灭火防护服装放入水洗机(型号为SX-250,济南绿洲清洗设备有限公司购入)进行水洗,添加50g液体洗涤剂,设置水位深度为9cm,洗涤时间为5min,转速为55rpm;完成后增加水位至15cm,洗涤时间为15min,转速为55rpm;排空水位,后加水至40cm,漂洗4min后排空水位,此过程重复3次;设置脱水转速为450rpm,时间为2min;取出衣服放入烘干柜(型号为DC6-15,品牌为伊莱克斯)中烘干消毒。
烘干温度曲线采用变温烘干,首先将服装在40℃环境中均匀烘干90min,然后温度升高至65℃烘干30min进行杀菌消毒,然后降低温度至40℃以下,便可打开舱门,取走服装。
应用例5
采用市售主洗液进行水洗程序,该市售主洗液购自汰渍360全效洗衣液。
装载5套污染后的灭火防护服装放入水洗机(型号为SX-250,济南绿洲清洗设备有限公司购入)进行水洗,添加50g液体洗涤剂,设置水位深度为9cm,洗涤时间为5min,转速为55rpm;完成后增加水位至15cm,洗涤时间为15min,转速为55rpm;排空水位,后加水至40cm,漂洗4min后排空水位,此过程重复3次;设置脱水转速为450rpm,时间为2min;取出衣服放入烘干柜(型号为DC6-15,品牌为伊莱克斯)中烘干消毒。
烘干温度曲线采用变温烘干,首先将服装在40℃环境中均匀烘干90min,然后温度升高至65℃烘干30min进行杀菌消毒,然后降低温度至40℃以下,便可打开舱门,取走服装。
参照标准AfPS GS 2014:01PAK,采用气相色谱-质谱联用对24种PAHs进行测试分析。测试结果见下表2:
表2污染后的灭火防护服装清洗后Pahs去除率
清洗工艺 | 清洗前 | 清洗后(中间层) | 去除率% |
应用例2(浸泡) | 220 | 94 | 57.3 |
应用例3(喷涂) | 220 | 56 | 74.5 |
应用例4(未喷涂) | 220 | 119 | 45.9 |
应用例5(市售清洗) | 220 | 150 | 31.8 |
由上表的可以看出,利用专用清洁剂,通过高压喷枪预处理,可以较大程度提升PAHs去除率。
以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明创造,凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂进行灭火防护服装的清洗工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将清洁剂配制为质量百分比为50%-80%的清洁剂溶液;
(2)将配制好的清洁剂溶液预先喷涂至待清洗的灭火防护服装表面;
若灭火防护服装的中间层防水透气膜白色朝向外层时,向其外层表面喷涂上述专用清洁剂溶液,喷涂压力为0.2-0.3MPa,喷涂距离为10-20cm,随后静置3-5min;
若灭火防护服装的中间层防水透气膜白色朝向内层时,向其内层喷涂上述专用清洁剂,喷涂压力为0.1-0.2MPa,喷涂距离为10-20cm,随后静置3-5min;
(3)将喷涂清洁剂溶液的灭火防护服装进行水洗操作后烘干;
其中,所述清洁剂由如下重量份数的组分组成:
C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物16份,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚3份,烷基糖苷3份,丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物1份,异丙醇15份,脂肪酶2份,纯净水60份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的清洗工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、分别称取脂肪酶与异丙醇,将两者预混备用;
S2、分别称取纯净水、C9-11烷基醇乙氧基化物、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚、烷基糖苷、丙烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物混合加热搅拌至充分溶解;
S3、将步骤S1中的混合溶液添加到步骤S2中,继续搅拌混合均匀,冷却静置,即可制取灭火防护服装PAHs污染专用清洁剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的清洗工艺,其特征在于:水洗操作的过程为:将质量百分比为0.5%-1.5%的主洗液溶液先后进行一次洗涤、二次洗涤、漂洗和脱水,其中一次洗涤的洗涤时间为3-5min,转速为35-55rpm,二次洗涤的洗涤时间为10-15min,转速为35-55rpm,漂洗的时间为2-4min,托脱水转速为350-450rpm,时间为1-2min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的清洗工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中水洗操作中使用的主洗液每100份包括如下重量份数的组分:
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚25-30份;三乙醇胺油酸皂5-10份;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚1-3份;硼砂0.5-1份;丙二醇1-2份;复合酶0.5-1份;羧甲基纤维素钠2-3份,余量为水。
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