CN114804311B - Preparation process of high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant - Google Patents
Preparation process of high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/48—Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
- C01F7/56—Chlorides
- C01F7/57—Basic aluminium chlorides, e.g. polyaluminium chlorides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, and relates to the technical field of water purifying agent production. The preparation of the flocculant comprises the following steps of (1) activating diatomite in hydrochloric acid solution to obtain activated diatomite; (2) Polymerizing and modifying activated diatomite, acrylamide, deionized water, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2-vinyl pyridine under the action of an initiator to obtain modified diatomite; (3) Loading aluminum chloride into modified diatomite to obtain the flocculant. The flocculant prepared by the invention has excellent flocculation effect on algae cells, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water purifying agent production, in particular to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant.
Background
Water is an essential resource for human survival and development, but along with social development, a large amount of fresh water resources are mixed with polymer substances, heavy metal ions and the like which are difficult to degrade in the use process, so that the wastewater treatment difficulty is high, and the wastewater is directly discharged into the nature to cause rapid deterioration of the water quality of a water source, thereby bringing great threat to the sustainable and stable development of the society. In recent years, the root cause of numerous watershed bursts of algae events is a serious overstock of phosphorus content in water bodies. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential elements for plant growth, are easy to be utilized by aquatic organisms, and along with the massive use of pesticides and detergents, phosphorus-containing wastewater enters lakes and rivers through discharge, eutrophication occurs in water bodies, and the salts stimulate massive propagation of algae organisms, cover and gather on the surfaces of the water bodies, so that the water quality is deteriorated.
But the algae cells in the water body have the characteristics of higher negative charge, small density, strong stability, difficulty in coagulation and the like, which greatly increase the water treatment and purification difficulty of the algae-containing wastewater, and the algae removal technology commonly used in water factories at present mainly comprises methods of pre-chlorination, air floatation and the like. The most common use is pre-chlorination, but in the pre-chlorination process, chlorine and organic matters in water act to generate a plurality of harmful halogenated matters, and meanwhile, the pre-chlorination damages algae cells in the water body, so that algae toxins leak, and potential safety hazards are caused to the water body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which solves the following technical problems:
in the prior art, algae cells in a water body are treated by pre-chlorination, so that chlorine reacts with organic matters in the water body to generate halogenated matters in the operation process, the algae cells in the water body are destroyed in the pre-chlorination process, so that algae toxins leak, and potential safety hazards exist in the halogenated matters and the algae toxins remained in the treated water body.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding diatomite and hydrochloric acid solution into a reaction kettle, performing heat preservation reaction, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying, grinding and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) Adding activated diatomite, acrylamide and deionized water into a reaction bottle, adding acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2-vinyl pyridine, mechanically stirring uniformly, adding an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, reacting for 9-15h under heat preservation, discharging, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) Adding aluminum chloride, deionized water and modified diatomite into a reaction bottle, mechanically stirring uniformly, dropwise adding NaOH solution into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, preserving heat, standing, curing, drying and grinding to obtain the flocculant.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the temperature of the water bath is raised to 70-90 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 1-2h with heat preservation.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the hydrochloric acid solution is 5-10% of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution by mass, and the solid-liquid ratio (g/mL) of diatomite to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:4-6.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the muffle furnace is heated to 300-350 ℃, calcined for 1-1.5h, heated to 400-450 ℃ and calcined for 0.5-1h.
As a further scheme of the invention: the diatomite is activated in the step (2): acrylamide: acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride: 2-vinylpyridine: the mass ratio of the initiator is 150-200:100:30-45:1-2:0.1-0.2.
As a further scheme of the invention: the initiator is prepared by mixing azo initiator with the mass ratio of 4-6:2 and potassium persulfate, and the azo initiator is any one of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (3), aluminum chloride: deionized water: the mass ratio of the modified diatomite is 3:40-90:60-100.
As a further scheme of the invention: the curing temperature in the step (3) is 80-95 ℃ and the curing time is 12-18h.
As a further scheme of the invention: and (3) dropwise adding 0.4-0.5mol/L NaOH aqueous solution in the step (3) until the basicity is 75-85%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly activating diatomite, polymerizing the activated diatomite with acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2-vinyl pyridine, and grafting cationic polyacrylamide on the surface of the diatomite to obtain modified diatomite, wherein the modified diatomite is loaded with polyaluminium chloride, so as to obtain the flocculant. The invention grafts copolymer on the surface of diatomite to generate a large number of bulges and holes, the whole structure is more loose, the order degree and crystal structure of the diatomite structure are destroyed by grafted polyacrylamide molecular chains, the original specific surface area and adsorption capacity are greatly increased, the bridging and flocculation capacities are improved, the surface electropositivity of the modified diatomite is higher under the acidic condition, and the electric neutralization capacity exerted in the flocculation algae removal process is stronger. The polyacrylamide is grafted on the surface of the diatomite to increase the substrate interval and the potential value of the diatomite, the adsorption capacity of the diatomite and the alga cells is improved, the modified diatomite is positively charged in the water body and negatively charged alga cells in the water body are electrically attracted and aggregated, so that the condensation nucleus concentration of the condensation flocculation in the water is increased, the effective collision among particles is increased in the heterogeneous flocculation process, the alga cells and the like are coagulated with the modified diatomite to form flocculating bodies with larger density, the alga cells in the water body are effectively removed, ammonia nitrogen and cations on the surface of the modified diatomite are subjected to ion exchange, phosphorus in the water exists in the form of phosphate, and the flocculant has a good adsorption effect on total phosphorus.
(2) The flocculant of the invention can rapidly increase the concentration of the water gel core in the rapid stirring process, and can be used for polychlorinatedAlum blossom with larger density and volume is formed under the action of aluminum, so that coagulating sedimentation is promoted. The polyaluminium chloride is loaded in the modified diatomite pore canal and slowly released into the wastewater in the stirring process, so that the problem that zeolite powder and algae cells are difficult to agglomerate to form new floccules due to the fact that the polyaluminium chloride is firstly hydrolyzed and forms alum in the water is effectively avoided. In the flocculation process, water and aluminum complex ions are hydrolyzed to generate mononuclear hydroxyl aluminum ions, then the mononuclear hydroxyl aluminum ions are hydrolyzed step by step, polynuclear hydroxyl complexes are formed by collision, and the complexes adsorb negatively charged suspended substances and colloid particles in water to form [ Al (OH) with a network structure 3 ]m (m is more than or equal to 13) is precipitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 800mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 70 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 1h, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding at low temperature, heating to 300 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h, continuously heating to 400 ℃ and calcining for 0.5h to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) 150g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water are added into a reaction bottle, 30g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1g of 2-vinyl pyridine are added, the mixture is mechanically stirred uniformly, 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate are added under the nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, the mixture is subjected to thermal insulation reaction for 9 hours, and then the mixture is discharged, dried, crushed and screened to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) Adding 6g of aluminum chloride, 80g of deionized water and 120g of modified diatomite into a reaction bottle, mechanically stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.5mol/L NaOH solution into a constant-pressure dropping funnel until the basicity is 85%, heating to 80 ℃, curing for 12h, drying and grinding to obtain a flocculant.
Example 2:
the invention relates to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1000mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 75 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 1.5 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding, heating to 310 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.2 hours, continuously heating to 410 ℃ and calcining for 0.6 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) 150g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water are added into a reaction bottle, 32g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1.2g of 2-vinylpyridine are added, the mixture is mechanically stirred uniformly, 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate are added under the nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, the mixture is subjected to thermal insulation reaction for 9-15 hours, and the mixture is discharged, dried, crushed and sieved to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) Adding 3g of aluminum chloride, 50g of deionized water and 70g of modified diatomite into a reaction bottle, mechanically stirring uniformly, dropwise adding 0.5mol/L NaOH solution into a constant-pressure dropping funnel until the basicity is 85%, heating to 85 ℃, curing for 12h, drying and grinding to obtain a flocculant.
Example 3:
the invention relates to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1050mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 75 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 1.5 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding, heating to 320 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.2 hours, continuously heating to 420 ℃ and calcining for 0.7 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) 170g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water are added into a reaction bottle, 41g of acryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1.5g of 2-vinylpyridine are added, the mixture is mechanically stirred uniformly, 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate are added under the nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, the mixture is subjected to thermal insulation reaction for 12 hours, and the mixture is discharged, dried, crushed and sieved to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) 3g of aluminum chloride, 70g of deionized water and 80g of modified diatomite are added into a reaction bottle, and are mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution dropwise until the basicity is 85%, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃, the reaction bottle is cured for 15h, and the flocculant is obtained after drying and grinding.
Example 4:
the invention relates to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1100mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 80 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 1.5 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding, heating to 320 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.4 hours, continuously heating to 420 ℃ and calcining for 0.8 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) Adding 190g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water into a reaction bottle, adding 42g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1.8g of 2-vinylpyridine, mechanically stirring uniformly, adding 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate under nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, reacting for 14h under heat preservation, discharging, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) 3g of aluminum chloride, 80g of deionized water and 90g of modified diatomite are added into a reaction bottle, and are mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution dropwise until the basicity is 85%, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃, the reaction bottle is cured for 15h, and the flocculant is obtained after drying and grinding.
Example 5:
the invention relates to a preparation process of a high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1200mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 90 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 2 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding at low temperature, heating to 350 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.5 hours, continuously heating to 450 ℃ and calcining for 1 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) Adding 200g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water into a reaction bottle, adding 45g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2g of 2-vinyl pyridine, mechanically stirring uniformly, adding 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate under nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 15h, discharging, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) 3g of aluminum chloride, 90g of deionized water and 100g of modified diatomite are added into a reaction bottle, and are mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution dropwise until the basicity is 85%, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃, the reaction bottle is cured for 18 hours, and the flocculant is obtained after drying and grinding.
Comparative example 1:
the preparation process of the flocculant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of kieselguhr, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water into a reaction bottle, adding 45g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2g of 2-vinyl pyridine, mechanically stirring uniformly, adding 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate under nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 15h, discharging, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain modified kieselguhr;
(2) 3g of aluminum chloride, 90g of deionized water and 100g of modified diatomite are added into a reaction bottle, and are mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution dropwise until the basicity is 85%, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃, the reaction bottle is cured for 18 hours, and the flocculant is obtained after drying and grinding.
Comparative example 2:
the preparation process of the flocculant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1200mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 90 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 2 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding at low temperature, heating to 350 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.5 hours, continuously heating to 450 ℃ and calcining for 1 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) 3g of aluminum chloride, 90g of deionized water and 100g of activated diatomite are added into a reaction bottle, and are mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution dropwise until the basicity is 85%, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃, the reaction bottle is cured for 18 hours, and the flocculant is obtained after drying and grinding.
Comparative example 3:
the preparation process of the flocculant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 200g of diatomite and 1200mL of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 90 ℃ in a water bath, performing heat preservation reaction for 2 hours, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying and grinding at low temperature, heating to 350 ℃ in a muffle furnace, calcining for 1.5 hours, continuously heating to 450 ℃ and calcining for 1 hour to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) 200g of activated diatomite, 100g of acrylamide and deionized water are added into a reaction bottle, 45g of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2g of 2-vinyl pyridine are added, the mixture is mechanically stirred uniformly, 0.075g of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.025g of potassium persulfate are added under the nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, the mixture is subjected to thermal insulation reaction for 15 hours, and then the flocculant is obtained through discharging, drying, crushing and sieving.
Comparative example 4:
the preparation process of the flocculant comprises the following steps:
3g of aluminum chloride and 90g of deionized water are added into a reaction bottle, the mixture is mechanically stirred uniformly, a constant-pressure dropping funnel is added with 0.5mol/L NaOH solution to 85% of basicity, the temperature is raised to 95 ℃, the mixture is cured for 18 hours, and the mixture is dried and ground to obtain the flocculant.
And (3) performance detection:
adding a pH regulator to adjust pH=6 into wastewater to be treated in a reactor, adding the flocculant prepared in the examples 1-3, mechanically stirring for 10-20min at a dosage of 50mg/L and 300r/min, standing for precipitation, and taking supernatant to determine related data.
(1) Algae removal rate: microscopic counting to determine algal cell density: taking 500mL of supernatant, adding 7.5mL of Lu Ge reagent, standing and precipitating for 1d at a dark place, extracting the supernatant by a siphon pipe, taking 10mL of turbid liquid, transferring into a colorimetric tube, sucking 0.1mL of the turbid liquid into an alga technical frame, counting by a microscope, repeating for three times, taking an average value, and calculating the alga cell content and the alga removal rate in the supernatant, wherein the calculation result is shown in Table 1.
(2) Turbidity removal rate: the turbidity of the water sample is measured by adopting a WGZ-200 type turbidity meter, the turbidity removal rate is calculated, and the calculation result is shown in table 1.
(3) Dephosphorization rate: the total phosphorus was measured by an ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry and the detection results are shown in table 1.
(4) Ammonia nitrogen removal rate: the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sewage is measured by adopting a Nahner spectrophotometry, and the detection result is shown in table 1.
Table 1:
as shown in Table 1, the flocculant prepared by the invention has good adsorption and sedimentation effects on algae cells, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.
The foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation process of the high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Adding diatomite and hydrochloric acid solution into a reaction kettle, performing heat preservation reaction, filtering, washing with water, drying at low temperature, drying, grinding and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain activated diatomite;
(2) Adding activated diatomite, acrylamide and deionized water into a reaction bottle, adding acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 2-vinyl pyridine, mechanically stirring uniformly, adding an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere and normal temperature, reacting for 9-15h under heat preservation, discharging, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain modified diatomite;
(3) Adding aluminum chloride, deionized water and modified diatomite into a reaction bottle, mechanically stirring uniformly, dropwise adding NaOH solution into a constant-pressure dropping funnel, keeping the temperature, standing, curing, drying, grinding, and curing at 80-95 ℃ for 12-18h to obtain the flocculant.
2. The process for preparing the high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein the water bath in the step (1) is heated to 70-90 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation reaction for 1-2h.
3. The process for preparing the high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (1) is 5-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the solid-liquid ratio of diatomite to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1g:4-6mL.
4. The process for preparing the high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the muffle furnace is heated to 300-350 ℃ and calcined for 1-1.5h, the muffle furnace is continuously heated to 400-450 ℃ and calcined for 0.5-1h.
5. The process for preparing a high performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein in step (2) diatomaceous earth is activated: acrylamide: acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride: 2-vinylpyridine: the mass ratio of the initiator is 150-200:100:30-45:1-2:0.1-0.2.
6. The preparation process of the high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein the initiator is prepared by mixing an azo initiator and potassium persulfate in a mass ratio of 4-6:2, and the azo initiator is any one of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile.
7. The process for preparing a high performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein in step (3) aluminum chloride: deionized water: the mass ratio of the modified diatomite is 3:40-90:60-100.
8. The process for preparing high-performance polyaluminum chloride flocculant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 0.4-0.5mol/L NaOH aqueous solution is added dropwise, and the basicity is 75-85%.
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| CN108314759A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-24 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of chitin modified preparation method except alga flocculating agent |
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