JP2004292479A - Boron-adsorbing gel, and treating method for boron-containing waste water - Google Patents

Boron-adsorbing gel, and treating method for boron-containing waste water Download PDF

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JP2004292479A
JP2004292479A JP2003082790A JP2003082790A JP2004292479A JP 2004292479 A JP2004292479 A JP 2004292479A JP 2003082790 A JP2003082790 A JP 2003082790A JP 2003082790 A JP2003082790 A JP 2003082790A JP 2004292479 A JP2004292479 A JP 2004292479A
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Prior art keywords
boron
gel
adsorbing
polymer
stimulus
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Keiji Yamashita
啓司 山下
Sachiko Ochi
佐智子 大地
Kazunobu Yamada
和信 山田
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Unitika Ltd
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Unitika Ltd
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  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare an inexpensive boron-adsorbing gel which can efficiently remove boron from boron-containing waste water and suppress the generated amount of sludge, and to provide a treating method for the boron-containing waste water using the same. <P>SOLUTION: The boron-adsorbing gel has a three-dimensional structure where a polymer exhibiting stimulus-responsive properties such as heat-responsive properties and pH responsive properties and a polymer exhibiting boron-adsorbing performances form a crosslinked body or an interpenetrating network. The treating method for the boron-containing waste water comprises bringing the boron-adsorbing gel in a swollen state into contact with the boron-containing waste water to cause the gel to adsorb boron, subsequently shrinking the gel by giving a stimulus to which the gel responds, and removing the shrunk gel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、刺激応答性を有するホウ素吸着ゲルおよびこれを用いたホウ素含有排水の処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ホウ素化合物は、染料、顔料、医薬、化粧品原料、防腐剤、写真、石鹸、ガラス、メッキ等の分野で幅広く用いられており、これらの製造工程から排出される排水中にはホウ素化合物が含まれている。また、原子力発電所から発生する放射性廃液や地熱発電水、あるいは石炭火力発電所の排煙脱硫排水、ごみ焼却洗煙排水等にもホウ素化合物が含まれている。
【0003】
ホウ素は、植物にとって必須の元素とされながらも、過剰の付与は、その生長を阻害することが知られており、国内でも1〜2mg/L以下という極めて厳しい排水基準を条例により制定しているところもある。
【0004】
このようなホウ素含有排水を処理する方法としては、従来より硫酸アルミニウムや消石灰等により不溶性沈殿物として除去する方法(第1の方法)、アニオン交換樹脂やホウ素選択イオン交換樹脂により吸着する方法(第2の方法)、溶剤により抽出する方法(第3の方法)、逆浸透膜により処理する方法(第4の方法)が知られている。
このうち第2、第3の方法は、ホウ素が糖類やアルコール類等の水酸基含有化合物と錯体を形成する性質を利用したものであり、第2の方法においては、水酸基を含む官能基を不溶性の高分子に導入した樹脂として、例えばメチルグルカミン基を導入したホウ素選択イオン交換樹脂、セルロースやキトサン誘導体を用いたホウ素吸着材などが提案されている。また第3の方法においては抽出剤としての水酸基を有する溶剤として、例えば2−エチルヘキサノール、脂肪族1,3−ジオール、脂肪族1,2−ジオールなどのアルコール類が提案されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
【0005】
また、凝集沈殿法と陰イオン交換樹脂またはホウ素選択性イオン交換樹脂によるホウ素除去を組み合わせた方法も提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0006】
さらに、低濃度のホウ素排水を希土類元素の含水酸化物を用いることによって処理する方法も提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
【0007】
【非特許文献1】
「用水と廃水」(株)産業用水調査会 発行、1999、VOL.41、No.10、pp53−58
【特許文献1】
特開昭58−193786号公報
【特許文献2】
特公平3−22238号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら従来の技術においてはそれぞれ以下のような問題点があった。第1の方法においては、ホウ素の除去効率が低いため、処理液中のホウ素濃度を低く抑えるためには、硫酸アルミニウム等の凝集剤の添加量を増加させる必要があり、大量のスラッジが発生するという問題があった。
【0009】
第2の方法においては、ホウ素選択イオン交換樹脂は高価で、一般に再生して繰り返し利用されるが、樹脂を再生して使用する場合、その再生廃液の処理は第1の方法で行われるため、第1の方法と同様の問題が発生していた。
【0010】
第3の溶剤による抽出方法では、排水処理に適用する場合には、抽出溶剤の水中への溶解による有機汚染の問題があるため、ホウ素を抽出した廃水の後処理として溶剤処理を行う必要があった。
【0011】
さらに、第4の方法においては、一般に使用されている逆浸透膜では、ホウ素化合物に対する除去率が50〜60%と低く、排水規制値以下に処理するには多段の装置を必要とし、イニシャルコストが過大になる等の問題点があった。
【0012】
凝集沈殿法と樹脂を組み合わせる方法においても初段の凝集沈殿法での除去効率が低いため、後段の吸着樹脂への負荷が高くなり、廃液の処理量が十分ではないという問題点があった。また、樹脂の再生廃液処理に凝集沈殿法を用いた場合にも、再生廃液処理水は高濃度のホウ素を含んでいるため、この処理水を再度樹脂塔へ戻して処理する必要があった。このため、この方法においても、設備が大きくなる等の問題が残っており、何れの方法においても凝集沈殿法でのホウ素の除去効率を高める必要があった。
【0013】
希土類元素の含水酸化物を用いる方法では、含水酸化物という水不溶性の固体を用いているため、処理効率が悪く、ホウ素を低濃度まで処理するには大量添加または長時間の反応(攪拌)が必要であり、発生スラッジの沈降性が悪いという問題点があった。
【0014】
一方、上記したようにホウ素には糖類やアルコール類等の水酸基含有化合物と錯体を形成する性質があるものの、水酸基含有化合物をそのままで利用しても、そのような水酸基含有化合物は一般に水溶性であるため水溶液からのホウ素の分離が困難であった。逆に、難溶性の多糖類やアルコール類を使用した場合においては、水溶性のものに比較して水酸基の数が少なくなるため、ホウ素の除去効率が低下するという問題点があった。
【0015】
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、ホウ素含有排水からホウ素を効率よく除去することが可能で、さらに、スラッジの発生量を抑制することのできる安価なホウ素吸着ゲルおよびこれを用いたホウ素含有排水の処理方法を目的とするものである。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、このような課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、ホウ素吸着性高分子を刺激応答性高分子で架橋ないし相互侵入高分子網目(IPN)化することで、通常の使用状態では膨潤させて短時間で効率よくホウ素を吸着除去することが可能で、しかも、熱やpH等の刺激による収縮を利用して得られるスラッジ量の低減を図ることができるなど取り扱いが容易になることを見いだし本発明に到達した。
【0017】
すなわち、本発明の第一は、刺激応答性を有する高分子とホウ素吸着能を有する高分子とが三次元構造をなしていることを特徴とするホウ素吸着ゲルを要旨とするものであり、好ましくは三次元構造が、架橋体または相互に侵入した網状体であるものであり、また好ましくは刺激応答性が、温度応答性またはpH応答性であるものである。
【0018】
また、本発明の第二は、ホウ素含有排水と本発明の第一のホウ素吸着ゲルとを接触させ、該ゲルにホウ素を吸着させることによりホウ素含有排水からホウ素を除去することを特徴とするホウ素含有排水の処理方法を要旨とするものであり、好ましくは膨潤状態のホウ素吸着ゲルをホウ素含有排水と接触させて該ゲルにホウ素を吸着させた後、該ゲルが応答する刺激を与えて該ゲルを収縮させ、収縮したゲルを取除くことからなるホウ素含有排水の処理方法である。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で対象とするホウ素含有排水としては、前述の種々の工程から排出される排水、ホウ素を吸着した樹脂からの再生廃液、その他のホウ素化合物を含有する排水があげられる。本発明で処理することのできる排水中のホウ素濃度としては、特に限定されるものではないが、2〜100mg/L程度で最も本発明の効果が得られる。
【0020】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルに用いられるホウ素吸着能を有する高分子としては、構成単量体単位中に水酸基を含有する高分子が好適に用いられる。さらには、構成単量体単位中の主鎖または側鎖に1,2−ジオールまたは1.3−ジオール単位を含有する天然または合成高分子がより好ましく用いられる。このような水酸基含有高分子としては、例えば、澱粉、ヒドロキシエチル澱粉等の澱粉誘導体、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体、アルギン酸、カラギーナン等の海草由来多糖類、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガム、アラビアガム、グルコマンナン等の植物由来多糖類、プルラン、ジェランガム、キサンタンガム、カードラン等の微生物産生多糖類、ポリ(2−グルコシルオキシエチルメタクリレート)等の糖含有合成高分子、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ(ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル)、ポリ(p−ヒドロキシスチレン)等の水酸基含有合成高分子が挙げられる。これらの中でもアルギン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロース、グアーガム、ローカストビーンガム、グルコマンナン等の多糖類やポリビニルアルコール等の、1,2−ジオールまたは1.3−ジオール単位を含有する高分子が好適に用いられる。
【0021】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルに用いられる刺激応答性を有する高分子とは、熱、pH、電場、磁場、光等の刺激により相転移して膨潤・収縮を起こす高分子である。このうち熱応答性ゲルを与える高分子としては、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)に代表されるポリ(2−N−アルキルアクリルアミド)、ポリメチルビニルエーテルに代表されるポリアルキルビニルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール等が挙げられる。またpH応答性ゲルを与える高分子としてはポリアクリル酸等が挙げられる。電場応答性ゲルを与える高分子としては、ポリ(2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸等が挙げられる(Kimら、Nature、354巻、291頁、1991年)。熱応答性高分子と光感受性分子色素を組み合わせることで光応答性を発現することもできる(Suzukiら、Nature、346巻、345頁、1990年)。
【0022】
排水中のホウ素吸着除去は既存の排水処理設備で行われる場合が多いため、上記の刺激応答性のうち、熱応答性およびpH応答性ゲルが、より少ない設備投資でホウ素吸着除去を実施できるため好ましく用いることができる。さらには熱応答性ゲルが、排水処理後のpH再調整が不要で簡便であるため、最も好ましく用いることができる。
【0023】
熱応答性を有する高分子のうち、ポリ(N−アルキルアクリルアミド)は、N−アルキルアクリルアミドを水中または有機溶媒中でラジカル開始剤によりラジカル重合することにより製造できる。ポリ(N−アルキルアクリルアミド)の具体例としては、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−エチルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−n−プロピルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−イソブチルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−シクロヘキシルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N,N−ジエチルアクリルアミド)、ポリ(N−アクリロイルピペリジン)、およびこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。このうち、膨潤・収縮の相転移が制御容易な30℃付近で起こる点および入手容易な点から、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)が最も好適に用いられる。
【0024】
ポリ(アルキルビニルエーテル)は有機溶媒中で酸触媒によりアルキルビニルエーテルをカチオン重合することにより製造できる。ポリ(アルキルビニルエーテル)の具体例としては、ポリ(メチルビニルエーテル)、ポリ(2−メトキシエチルビニルエーテル)、ポリ(2−エトキシエチルビニルエーテル)、およびこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。また、ポリエチレングリコールはアルカリ触媒によりエチレンオキシドをアニオン重合することにより製造できる。
上記の刺激応答性を有する高分子のうち、重合系中の不純物の影響を受けにくく工業的に容易に重合可能であることから、ポリ(N−アルキルアクリルアミド)が好適に用いることができる。
【0025】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルにおけるホウ素吸着能を有する高分子と刺激応答性を有する高分子との配合比率は、前者/後者が10/90〜90/10が好ましく、20/80〜80/20がさらに好ましく、30/70〜70/30が最も好ましい。ホウ素吸着能を有する高分子の配合比率が10%未満では絶対的なホウ素吸着量が少ないために好ましくない。また刺激応答性を有する高分子の配合比率が10%未満の場合は、膨潤・収縮の相転移における体積変化が少なすぎるために好ましくない。
【0026】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルは、上記したホウ素吸着能を有する高分子と、刺激応答性を有する高分子とが三次元構造をしているものである。そのような三次元構造としては、ホウ素吸着能を有する高分子が刺激応答性を有する高分子により架橋ないし相互侵入網目化されていることが好ましい。
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルの架橋状態としては、均一架橋が好ましい。中心部または外側部に架橋構造が偏っている場合は全体としての体積変化が小さくなる。またゲルの架橋密度としては、その指標とされる刺激による膨潤・収縮における体積比が1/100〜1/2の範囲であることが好ましく、1/50〜1/4の範囲であることがさらに好ましい。体積比を1/100より顕著にさせることは事実上困難であり、体積比が1/2より小さいと本発明の目的とするスラッジの低減が図れないためこのましくない。
また、ゲルの架橋方法としては、共有結合、イオン結合、水素結合等を用いた架橋があげられる。
【0027】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲル粒子の大きさとしては、収縮時の外径が0.01〜5mmであることが好ましく、0.1〜2mmがさらに好ましい。ゲル粒子が小さいほど膨潤・収縮の相転移における体積変化が速いことが知られており、外径5mmを超えると体積変化が遅すぎて実用的でなくなる。逆に外径が0.01mm未満のものは製造が困難であると共に、微粒子となるため取り扱いも困難になる。
【0028】
次に本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルの作製方法について説明する。
上記したホウ素吸着能を有する高分子が刺激応答性を有する高分子により架橋ないし相互侵入網目化されホウ素吸着ゲルが作製できればよく、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくは、架橋方法として、共有結合、イオン結合、水素結合等を用いた架橋があげられる。共有結合の例としては、重合時に架橋剤を添加する方法や、光あるいは放射線照射で生成するラジカルによる高分子間反応を利用する方法が挙げられる。イオン結合の例としては多価イオンによるポリカルボン酸、ポリオール、ポリアミン等の架橋が挙げられる。水素結合によるゲル形成の例としては寒天等の多糖類やゼラチン等のタンパク質が挙げられる。本発明においては熱やpH等の外部刺激によるホウ素イオンの吸脱着を対象としているため、より強固な共有結合による架橋が好ましい。
共有結合による架橋方法としては、上述のように架橋剤を用いた重合時架橋法や光あるいは放射線照射法等による後架橋法が挙げられるが、前者の場合、刺激応答性高分子を得ることができる重合方法であればいかなる重合方法も用いることができる。例えば、刺激応答性高分子がポリ(N−アクリルアミド)の場合はラジカル重合法が好適に用いられ、この場合の重合開始剤としては、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のアゾ化合物や、過酸化ベンゾイル等の過酸化物、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩、等の通常のラジカル重合開始剤が用いられる。また刺激応答性高分子がポリアルキルビニルエーテル系の場合はカチオン重合が好適に用いられ、この場合の重合開始剤としては、無機酸やカルボン酸等のプロトン酸、ハロゲン化亜鉛、ハロゲン化錫、ハロゲン化アルミニウム等のルイス酸、等の通常のカチオン重合開始剤が用いられる他、プロトン酸+ルイス酸、ルイス塩基+ルイス酸といったリビングカチオン重合開始剤も好適に用いられる。
【0029】
上記重合時架橋法に用いることのできる架橋剤としては、メチレンビスアクリルアミド等のビスアクリルアミド、ジビニルベンゼン等のジビニル化合物、ジメタクリロイルテトラエチレングリコール等のジメタクリレート類、ジビニルエーテル類、等の多官能化合物が例示されるが、刺激応答性高分子の原料単量体の重合反応性と架橋剤の重合反応性が近いものを選択することが好ましい。また架橋剤の添加量は原料単量体に対して0.1〜10モル%が好ましく、0.2〜5モル%がさらに好ましい。
【0030】
上記重合時架橋法における重合方法としては、水中または極性有機溶媒中に溶解または膨潤したホウ素吸着性高分子に、刺激応答性高分子の原料モノマーと上記架橋剤を少量の重合開始剤と共に均一に含浸した状態で重合し、IPN化する方法が均一架橋を与えやすいため、好ましく用いられる。
【0031】
次に本発明の第二のホウ素含有排水の処理方法について説明する。
本発明の処理方法においては、ホウ素含有排水と本発明の第一のホウ素吸着ゲルとを接触させる必要があるが、接触方式としては、反応槽での混合攪拌後に沈降分離を行う方法、反応塔方式などが考えられるが、該ゲルの長所を生かすためには反応槽形式が望ましい。ホウ素含有排水へのホウ素吸着ゲルの添加量は、大量に添加するほど処理精度は良くなるが、当然スラッジ量も多くなるので、通常は、ホウ素に対して0.05〜10当量添加するのが好ましく、0.1〜2当量の範囲で添加するのが適当である。
ホウ素含有排水とホウ素吸着ゲルとを接触させる際、ホウ素吸着ゲルは膨潤された状態であることが望ましい。
また、pHは、5〜11、好ましくは6〜9に調整することが望ましい。ただし、使用する高分子種類によっては、pHにより溶解するものもあるため、留意が必要である。pH調整剤としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カルシウム、鉱酸などがあげられるが、取り扱いの容易さの観点から、水溶液が好ましい。これらの反応時間は、1〜120分、好ましくは5〜60分であるが、通常は30分程度で十分である。
【0032】
次に、本発明では熱やpH等の外部刺激によるホウ素吸着ゲルの収縮をさせることが望ましいが、与える刺激としては、熱応答の場合は相転移温度±5℃以上の差を利用することが好ましく、pH応答の場合は相転移pH±1以上の差を利用することが好ましい。与える刺激の差が上記未満であると膨潤・収縮の相転移における体積変化が不十分となり、吸脱着の効率が低下するため好ましくない。例えば、n−イソプロピルアクリルアミドを単量体とする高分子を原料として用いた場合には、水温を35℃以上とすることで、ホウ素除去用ゲルの含水率のみを減少させることができる。このことによって、ゲルの分離をより容易に行うことができ、しかも発生スラッジ量を低減することができる。
【0033】
その後、ホウ素を吸着し充分収縮したゲルを固液分離して除去する。固液分離の方法としては特に限定されるものではなく、一般に行われている方法で行えばよく、例えば、沈降分離、浮上分離、ろ過、遠心分離等があげられる。刺激を与えることによって収縮し、含水率を減じることが可能である。分離されたゲルは、そのまま処分してもよいし、以下に述べる方法により再生処理を行い、繰り返し利用してもよい。本方式は、硫酸アルミニウムや消石灰、希土類元素の含水酸化物等を用いてホウ素を不溶性沈殿物として除去する従来法と併用してもよく、この場合は、添加するこれらの薬剤の量によって、ホウ素吸着ゲルの添加量を案分すればよい。
【0034】
本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルで排水中のホウ素を吸着除去すると、ゲルのホウ素吸着能が低下してくる。この場合には、該ゲルを酸溶液に浸漬することにより、吸着量の回復を図ることができる。酸溶液に該ゲルを浸漬すると、ホウ素が水酸基から脱離され、酸溶液中に溶出する。この操作によって、当初のホウ素含有排水よりも高濃度のホウ素を含有する酸溶液が得られる。この高濃度ホウ素含有液は、別途、従来技術により処理を行えばよい。ホウ素が高濃度に含有されるため、当初のホウ素含有排水よりも、効率よく除去ができる。使用する酸溶液は、PH5以下のものであればよく、例えば、塩酸、硝酸などの鉱酸、酢酸などの有機酸があげられる。有機酸は、処理水のCODを悪化させる原因にもなることが予想されるので、鉱酸の方がより望ましい。また、酸溶液への浸漬時間は、15分以上が望ましい。より安定して再生するには、1規定程度の酸を用いることが望ましいが、pHにより変性する高分子もあるため、留意が必要である。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例1
アルギン酸4.45g(25mmol)、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド2.83g(25mmol)、架橋剤のメチレンビスアクリルアミド0.039g(0.25mmol)、および開始剤の過硫酸アンモニウム0.17g(0.75mmol)をジメチルスルホキシド2.7mLに溶解し、ここへ純水10.6gを加えて、60℃で24時間重合を行った。生成物を粉砕し、水洗後、凍結乾燥して、収率78%で本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルを得た。得られたゲルを目開き0.1mmのふるいでふるい分けし、ふるい上に残ったものを次のホウ素吸着試験に使用した。
【0036】
ホウ素20mg/Lを含むモデル液100mLに、上で得たホウ素吸着ゲルを所定量添加し、20℃で1時間振とう処理を行った。その後、液の温度を50℃にした後、濾紙(孔径1μm)により濾過し、濾過水中のホウ素濃度を分析した。また、20℃と50℃での体積比も調べた。結果を表に示す。
【0037】
実施例2
アルギン酸の代わりにグアーガムを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして重合を行った。生成物を水洗し、収率83%で本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルを得た。実施例1と同様、目開き0.1mmのふるいでふるい分けし、ふるい上に残ったものについて実施例1と同様にしてホウ素吸着試験を行い、また、20℃と50℃での体積比も調べた。結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
実施例3
アルギン酸の代わりにCMCを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして重合を行った。生成物を水洗し、収率81%で本発明のホウ素吸着ゲルを得た。実施例1と同様、目開き0.1mmのふるいでふるい分けし、ふるい上に残ったものについて実施例1と同様にしてホウ素吸着試験を行い、また、20℃と50℃での体積比も調べた。結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
比較例1
アルギン酸の代わりにポリアクリル酸を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして重合を行った。生成物を水洗し、収率81%で高分子ゲルを得た。また実施例1と同様にしてホウ素吸着試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0040】
比較例2
アルギン酸単体について実施例1と同様にしてホウ素吸着試験を行った。結果を表に示す。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 2004292479
【0042】
上記の実施例により、ホウ素吸着能を有する高分子と刺激応答性を有する高分子とを3次元架橋化することで、熱等の刺激によってホウ素を吸脱着できることが明らかになった。比較例で示したように、刺激応答性を有する高分子がない場合(比較例2)は、吸脱着が行えない。また、アクリル酸のように単量体構成単位中に水酸基を有していない(比較例1)とホウ素吸着能が発現しない。また、熱刺激を与えることによって、ゲル体積は0.05〜0.2にまで減少し、スラッジ量が大幅に低減し得ることが明らかになった。
【0043】
実施例4
実施例1で使用したホウ素吸着ゲルを回収し、1N塩酸溶液10mlに20分間浸漬した。その結果、酸溶液中のホウ素濃度は158mg/L、ホウ素の回収率は88%であった。再生したゲルを用いて再度実施例1と同様の吸着試験を行ったところ、原液のホウ素濃度19.0mg/Lに対し処理液濃度2.8mg/Lが得られた。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、安価な材料で容易にホウ素吸着ゲルが作成できる。しかも短時間で効率よくホウ素を除去することが可能で、しかも得られるスラッジ量を大幅に低減させることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stimulus-responsive boron-adsorbed gel and a method for treating boron-containing wastewater using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Boron compounds are widely used in the fields of dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic raw materials, preservatives, photographs, soaps, glass, plating, etc., and wastewater discharged from these manufacturing processes contains boron compounds. ing. Further, boron compounds are also contained in radioactive liquid waste and geothermal power generated from nuclear power plants, flue gas desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants, and wastewater from incineration smoke cleaning.
[0003]
Boron is an essential element for plants, but it is known that excessive application inhibits its growth, and in Japan, extremely strict drainage standards of 1-2 mg / L or less have been established by law. There are places.
[0004]
Conventional methods for treating such boron-containing wastewater include a method of removing insoluble precipitates with aluminum sulfate or slaked lime (first method), and a method of adsorbing with an anion exchange resin or a boron selective ion exchange resin (second method). 2), a method of extracting with a solvent (third method), and a method of treating with a reverse osmosis membrane (fourth method).
Among them, the second and third methods utilize the property that boron forms a complex with a hydroxyl group-containing compound such as a saccharide or an alcohol. In the second method, the functional group containing a hydroxyl group is insoluble. As the resin introduced into the polymer, for example, a boron selective ion exchange resin into which a methylglucamine group has been introduced, a boron adsorbent using cellulose or a chitosan derivative, and the like have been proposed. In the third method, as a solvent having a hydroxyl group as an extractant, for example, alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, aliphatic 1,3-diol, and aliphatic 1,2-diol have been proposed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
[0005]
Also, a method has been proposed in which the coagulation precipitation method is combined with boron removal using an anion exchange resin or a boron selective ion exchange resin (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0006]
Furthermore, a method of treating low-concentration boron wastewater by using a hydrated oxide of a rare earth element has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0007]
[Non-patent document 1]
"Water and wastewater" Published by Industrial Water Research Committee, Inc., 1999, VOL. 41, no. 10, pp53-58
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-58-193786 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-22238
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional techniques have the following problems. In the first method, since the removal efficiency of boron is low, it is necessary to increase the addition amount of a flocculant such as aluminum sulfate in order to keep the boron concentration in the processing solution low, and a large amount of sludge is generated. There was a problem.
[0009]
In the second method, the boron-selective ion exchange resin is expensive, and is generally regenerated and used repeatedly. However, when the resin is regenerated and used, the treatment of the regenerated waste liquid is performed in the first method. The same problem as in the first method has occurred.
[0010]
In the third extraction method using a solvent, when applied to wastewater treatment, there is a problem of organic pollution due to dissolution of the extraction solvent in water, so that it is necessary to perform solvent treatment as post-treatment of wastewater from which boron has been extracted. Was.
[0011]
Further, in the fourth method, a generally used reverse osmosis membrane has a low removal rate for boron compounds of 50 to 60%, and requires a multi-stage apparatus to treat the boron compound at a wastewater regulation value or less, and the initial cost is low. However, there was a problem that the size became excessive.
[0012]
Also in the method of combining the coagulation sedimentation method with the resin, the removal efficiency in the first-stage coagulation sedimentation method is low, so that the load on the latter adsorption resin is increased, and there is a problem that the amount of waste liquid to be treated is not sufficient. Further, even when the coagulation sedimentation method is used for the treatment of the resin waste, the treated waste water contains a high concentration of boron, so that it is necessary to return the treated water to the resin tower again for treatment. For this reason, this method still has problems such as an increase in equipment, and in any case, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of removing boron by the coagulation sedimentation method.
[0013]
In the method using a hydrated oxide of a rare earth element, since a water-insoluble solid called a hydrated oxide is used, the treatment efficiency is poor, and a large amount of addition or a long-time reaction (stirring) is required to treat boron to a low concentration. This is necessary, and there is a problem that the sedimentation of generated sludge is poor.
[0014]
On the other hand, as described above, although boron has a property of forming a complex with a hydroxyl group-containing compound such as a saccharide or an alcohol, even if the hydroxyl group-containing compound is used as it is, such a hydroxyl group-containing compound is generally water-soluble. For this reason, it was difficult to separate boron from the aqueous solution. Conversely, when a poorly soluble polysaccharide or alcohol is used, there is a problem that the number of hydroxyl groups is smaller than that of a water-soluble one, so that the boron removal efficiency is reduced.
[0015]
In view of the above problems, the present invention is capable of efficiently removing boron from boron-containing wastewater, and furthermore, an inexpensive boron-adsorbing gel capable of suppressing the amount of generated sludge, and a boron-containing wastewater using the same. Is intended.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve such problems, and as a result, have found that boron-adsorptive polymers can be crosslinked with an stimuli-responsive polymer or made into an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) to achieve ordinary use. In the state, it can be swollen to efficiently absorb and remove boron in a short period of time, and it is easy to handle, such as reducing the amount of sludge obtained by using shrinkage due to heat, pH and other stimuli. It has been found that the present invention has been achieved.
[0017]
That is, the first aspect of the present invention is a gland containing a boron-adsorbed gel characterized in that a polymer having a stimulus responsiveness and a polymer having a boron-adsorbing ability have a three-dimensional structure. Are those whose three-dimensional structure is a crosslinked body or a network penetrating each other, and preferably those whose stimulus responsiveness is temperature responsive or pH responsive.
[0018]
Further, the second aspect of the present invention is to remove boron from the boron-containing wastewater by contacting the boron-containing wastewater with the first boron-adsorbing gel of the present invention, and adsorbing boron to the gel. The present invention provides a method for treating a wastewater containing boron, preferably by contacting a boron-adsorbed gel in a swollen state with the wastewater containing boron to cause the gel to adsorb boron, and then giving the gel a stimulus to respond to the gel. Is a method for treating a boron-containing wastewater, which comprises shrinking the gel and removing the gel that has shrunk.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Examples of the boron-containing wastewater targeted in the present invention include wastewater discharged from the above-mentioned various steps, wastewater recycled from a resin having absorbed boron, and wastewater containing other boron compounds. The concentration of boron in the wastewater that can be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited, but the effect of the present invention is most obtained when the concentration is about 2 to 100 mg / L.
[0020]
As the polymer having the ability to adsorb boron used in the boron-adsorbing gel of the present invention, a polymer containing a hydroxyl group in a constituent monomer unit is preferably used. Further, a natural or synthetic polymer containing a 1,2-diol or 1.3-diol unit in the main chain or side chain in the constituent monomer unit is more preferably used. Such hydroxyl-containing polymers include, for example, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxyethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, alginic acid, seaweed-derived polysaccharides such as carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, and gum arabic. , Polysaccharides such as glucomannan, plant-derived polysaccharides, microbial polysaccharides such as pullulan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, curdlan, sugar-containing synthetic polymers such as poly (2-glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ), Poly (hydroxyethyl vinyl ether), poly (p-hydroxystyrene) and the like. Among them, polymers containing 1,2-diol or 1.3-diol units, such as polysaccharides such as alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, locust bean gum, and glucomannan, and polyvinyl alcohol are preferably used.
[0021]
The stimulus-responsive polymer used in the boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention is a polymer that undergoes a phase transition by stimulus such as heat, pH, an electric field, a magnetic field, or light to cause swelling and contraction. Examples of the polymer that gives a thermoresponsive gel include poly (2-N-alkylacrylamide) represented by poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), polyalkylvinyl ether represented by polymethylvinylether, and polyethylene glycol. Can be Examples of the polymer that gives a pH-responsive gel include polyacrylic acid. Examples of the polymer that gives an electro-responsive gel include poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (Kim et al., Nature, 354, 291 (1991)). Photoresponsiveness can also be expressed by combining sensitive molecular dyes (Suzuki et al., Nature, 346, 345, 1990).
[0022]
Since the removal of boron in wastewater is often performed by existing wastewater treatment equipment, the thermoresponsive and pH-responsive gels among the above-mentioned stimulus responsiveness can perform boron adsorption removal with less equipment investment. It can be preferably used. Further, the thermoresponsive gel is most preferably used because it is not necessary to readjust the pH after the wastewater treatment and is simple.
[0023]
Among the polymers having thermal responsiveness, poly (N-alkylacrylamide) can be produced by radical polymerization of N-alkylacrylamide in water or an organic solvent with a radical initiator. Specific examples of poly (N-alkylacrylamide) include poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), poly (N-ethylacrylamide), poly (Nn-propylacrylamide), poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide). -Isobutylacrylamide), poly (N-cyclohexylacrylamide), poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide), poly (N, N-diethylacrylamide), poly (N-acryloylpiperidine), and copolymers thereof. Can be Among them, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) is most preferably used because the phase transition of swelling / shrinking occurs at around 30 ° C. where control is easy and it is easily available.
[0024]
Poly (alkyl vinyl ether) can be produced by cationic polymerization of alkyl vinyl ether with an acid catalyst in an organic solvent. Specific examples of poly (alkyl vinyl ether) include poly (methyl vinyl ether), poly (2-methoxyethyl vinyl ether), poly (2-ethoxyethyl vinyl ether), and copolymers thereof. Polyethylene glycol can be produced by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide with an alkali catalyst.
Among the above-mentioned stimulus-responsive polymers, poly (N-alkylacrylamide) can be preferably used because it is hardly affected by impurities in the polymerization system and can be easily polymerized industrially.
[0025]
The compounding ratio of the polymer having the ability to adsorb boron and the polymer having the stimulus responsiveness in the boron-adsorbing gel of the present invention is preferably 10/90 to 90/10 for the former / latter, and 20/80 to 80/20 for the former / the latter. More preferred is 30/70 to 70/30. If the blending ratio of the polymer having a boron adsorbing ability is less than 10%, the absolute amount of adsorbed boron is small, which is not preferable. If the proportion of the stimulus-responsive polymer is less than 10%, the volume change in the swelling / shrinking phase transition is too small, which is not preferable.
[0026]
The boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention has a three-dimensional structure of the above-described polymer having the ability to adsorb boron and the polymer having a stimulus responsiveness. As such a three-dimensional structure, it is preferable that the polymer having the ability to adsorb boron is crosslinked or interpenetrated by a polymer having stimulus responsiveness.
The crosslinking state of the boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention is preferably uniform crosslinking. When the crosslinked structure is biased toward the center or the outside, the volume change as a whole is small. Further, the crosslink density of the gel is preferably such that the volume ratio in swelling / shrinking by stimulation as an index is in the range of 1/100 to 1/2, and in the range of 1/50 to 1/4. More preferred. It is practically difficult to make the volume ratio more remarkable than 1/100, and if the volume ratio is smaller than 1/2, it is not preferable because the sludge reduction aimed at by the present invention cannot be achieved.
Examples of the gel cross-linking method include cross-linking using a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, or the like.
[0027]
As the size of the boron-adsorbed gel particles of the present invention, the outer diameter when contracted is preferably 0.01 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mm. It is known that the smaller the gel particles, the faster the volume change in the phase transition between swelling and shrinkage. If the outer diameter exceeds 5 mm, the volume change is too slow to be practical. Conversely, those having an outer diameter of less than 0.01 mm are difficult to manufacture and are difficult to handle because they are fine particles.
[0028]
Next, a method for producing the boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention will be described.
It is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned polymer having the ability to adsorb boron is crosslinked or interpenetrated by a polymer having stimulus responsiveness to form a boron-adsorbed gel. Preferably, examples of the crosslinking method include crosslinking using a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, or the like. Examples of the covalent bond include a method of adding a cross-linking agent at the time of polymerization, and a method of utilizing an interpolymer reaction caused by radicals generated by irradiation with light or radiation. Examples of ionic bonds include cross-linking of polycarboxylic acids, polyols, polyamines and the like by polyvalent ions. Examples of gel formation by hydrogen bonding include polysaccharides such as agar and proteins such as gelatin. In the present invention, since the absorption and desorption of boron ions by external stimuli such as heat and pH are targeted, crosslinking by stronger covalent bonds is preferred.
Examples of the crosslinking method by a covalent bond include a crosslinking method at the time of polymerization using a crosslinking agent and a post-crosslinking method such as a light or radiation irradiation method as described above.In the former case, a stimulus-responsive polymer may be obtained. Any polymerization method that can be used can be used. For example, when the stimulus-responsive polymer is poly (N-acrylamide), a radical polymerization method is suitably used. In this case, as a polymerization initiator, an azo compound such as azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide is used. A conventional radical polymerization initiator such as a peroxide such as, for example, a persulfate such as sodium persulfate is used. When the stimulus-responsive polymer is a polyalkylvinyl ether-based polymer, cationic polymerization is suitably used. In this case, a polymerization initiator such as a protic acid such as an inorganic acid or a carboxylic acid, zinc halide, tin halide, or halogenated In addition to a usual cationic polymerization initiator such as a Lewis acid such as aluminum halide, a living cationic polymerization initiator such as a protonic acid + Lewis acid or a Lewis base + Lewis acid is also preferably used.
[0029]
Examples of the crosslinking agent that can be used in the polymerization crosslinking method include bisacrylamides such as methylenebisacrylamide, divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, dimethacrylates such as dimethacryloyltetraethylene glycol, and polyfunctional compounds such as divinyl ethers. However, it is preferable to select a polymer having similar polymerization reactivity of the raw material monomer of the stimulus-responsive polymer and the polymerization reactivity of the crosslinking agent. The amount of the crosslinking agent added is preferably from 0.1 to 10 mol%, more preferably from 0.2 to 5 mol%, based on the raw material monomer.
[0030]
As a polymerization method in the crosslinking method during the polymerization, a boron-adsorbing polymer dissolved or swelled in water or a polar organic solvent, a raw material monomer of the stimulus-responsive polymer and the crosslinking agent are uniformly mixed with a small amount of a polymerization initiator. The method of polymerizing in an impregnated state and converting it to IPN is preferably used because uniform crosslinking is easily provided.
[0031]
Next, the second method for treating boron-containing wastewater of the present invention will be described.
In the treatment method of the present invention, it is necessary to contact the boron-containing wastewater with the first boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention. As the contact method, a method of performing sedimentation and separation after mixing and stirring in a reaction tank, a reaction tower Although a method can be considered, a reaction tank type is desirable in order to make the best use of the gel. As for the amount of the boron-adsorbed gel added to the boron-containing wastewater, the larger the amount added, the better the treatment accuracy, but naturally the larger the amount of sludge, so it is usually necessary to add 0.05 to 10 equivalents to boron. Preferably, it is suitably added in the range of 0.1 to 2 equivalents.
When bringing the boron-containing wastewater into contact with the boron-adsorbed gel, the boron-adsorbed gel is preferably in a swollen state.
Further, it is desirable to adjust the pH to 5 to 11, preferably 6 to 9. However, care must be taken because some polymers are soluble depending on the pH. Examples of the pH adjuster include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mineral acid. From the viewpoint of easy handling, an aqueous solution is preferable. The reaction time is 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 5 to 60 minutes, but usually about 30 minutes is sufficient.
[0032]
Next, in the present invention, it is desirable to cause the boron-adsorbed gel to contract due to external stimuli such as heat and pH. However, as a stimulus to be applied, a difference of phase transition temperature ± 5 ° C. or more is used in the case of thermal response. Preferably, in the case of pH response, it is preferable to use a difference of phase transition pH ± 1 or more. If the difference in the applied stimulus is less than the above, the volume change in the phase transition between swelling and shrinkage becomes insufficient, and the efficiency of adsorption / desorption decreases, which is not preferable. For example, when a polymer having n-isopropylacrylamide as a monomer is used as a raw material, only the water content of the boron removing gel can be reduced by setting the water temperature to 35 ° C. or higher. As a result, the gel can be separated more easily, and the amount of generated sludge can be reduced.
[0033]
Thereafter, the gel that has absorbed boron and has sufficiently shrunk is removed by solid-liquid separation. The method of solid-liquid separation is not particularly limited, and may be a commonly used method, for example, sedimentation separation, flotation separation, filtration, centrifugation and the like. It is possible to shrink and reduce the water content by applying a stimulus. The separated gel may be discarded as it is, or may be subjected to a regeneration treatment by the method described below and used repeatedly. This method may be used in combination with the conventional method of removing boron as an insoluble precipitate using aluminum sulfate, slaked lime, or a hydrated oxide of a rare earth element.In this case, depending on the amount of these chemicals to be added, boron may be added. What is necessary is just to proportionate the addition amount of an adsorption gel.
[0034]
When the boron in the waste water is adsorbed and removed by the boron adsorbing gel of the present invention, the boron adsorbing ability of the gel decreases. In this case, by immersing the gel in an acid solution, the amount of adsorption can be recovered. When the gel is immersed in an acid solution, boron is eliminated from the hydroxyl groups and elutes into the acid solution. By this operation, an acid solution containing a higher concentration of boron than the original boron-containing wastewater is obtained. The high-concentration boron-containing liquid may be separately processed by a conventional technique. Since boron is contained at a high concentration, it can be removed more efficiently than the original boron-containing wastewater. The acid solution to be used may be one having a pH of 5 or less, and examples thereof include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid. Mineral acids are more desirable since organic acids are also expected to cause a deterioration in COD of treated water. The immersion time in the acid solution is desirably 15 minutes or more. For more stable regeneration, it is desirable to use about 1N acid, but care must be taken because some polymers are modified by pH.
[0035]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Example 1
4.45 g (25 mmol) of alginic acid, 2.83 g (25 mmol) of N-isopropylacrylamide, 0.039 g (0.25 mmol) of methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent, and 0.17 g (0.75 mmol) of ammonium persulfate as an initiator It was dissolved in 2.7 mL of sulfoxide, 10.6 g of pure water was added thereto, and polymerization was performed at 60 ° C. for 24 hours. The product was pulverized, washed with water and freeze-dried to obtain a boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention in a yield of 78%. The obtained gel was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 0.1 mm, and the one remaining on the sieve was used for the next boron adsorption test.
[0036]
A predetermined amount of the boron-adsorbed gel obtained above was added to 100 mL of a model solution containing 20 mg / L of boron, and the mixture was shaken at 20 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the temperature of the solution was set to 50 ° C., and the solution was filtered through filter paper (pore size: 1 μm), and the boron concentration in the filtered water was analyzed. Further, the volume ratio between 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. was also examined. The results are shown in the table.
[0037]
Example 2
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that guar gum was used instead of alginic acid. The product was washed with water to obtain a boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention in a yield of 83%. As in Example 1, the mixture was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 0.1 mm, and those remaining on the sieve were subjected to a boron adsorption test in the same manner as in Example 1, and the volume ratio at 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. was also examined. Was. Table 1 shows the results.
[0038]
Example 3
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CMC was used instead of alginic acid. The product was washed with water to obtain a boron-adsorbed gel of the present invention in a yield of 81%. As in Example 1, the mixture was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 0.1 mm, and those remaining on the sieve were subjected to a boron adsorption test in the same manner as in Example 1, and the volume ratio at 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. was also examined. Was. Table 1 shows the results.
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyacrylic acid was used instead of alginic acid. The product was washed with water to obtain a polymer gel with a yield of 81%. A boron adsorption test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
[0040]
Comparative Example 2
Alginic acid alone was subjected to a boron adsorption test in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in the table.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004292479
[0042]
From the above examples, it has been clarified that boron can be adsorbed and desorbed by stimulation such as heat by three-dimensionally cross-linking a polymer having a boron adsorption ability and a polymer having a stimulus responsiveness. As shown in the comparative example, when there is no polymer having stimulus responsiveness (Comparative Example 2), adsorption and desorption cannot be performed. In addition, when there is no hydroxyl group in the monomer constitutional unit as in acrylic acid (Comparative Example 1), the ability to adsorb boron is not exhibited. In addition, it became clear that the gel volume was reduced to 0.05 to 0.2 by applying the thermal stimulus, and the amount of sludge could be significantly reduced.
[0043]
Example 4
The boron-adsorbed gel used in Example 1 was collected and immersed in 10 ml of a 1N hydrochloric acid solution for 20 minutes. As a result, the boron concentration in the acid solution was 158 mg / L, and the boron recovery was 88%. When an adsorption test similar to that in Example 1 was performed again using the regenerated gel, a treatment solution concentration of 2.8 mg / L was obtained with respect to a boron concentration of 19.0 mg / L of the stock solution.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a boron-adsorbed gel can be easily formed with an inexpensive material. In addition, boron can be efficiently removed in a short time, and the amount of sludge obtained can be significantly reduced.

Claims (5)

刺激応答性を有する高分子とホウ素吸着能を有する高分子とが三次元構造をなしていることを特徴とするホウ素吸着ゲル。A boron-adsorbed gel, wherein a polymer having a stimulus responsiveness and a polymer having a boron-adsorbing ability have a three-dimensional structure. 三次元構造が、架橋体または相互に侵入した網状体である請求項1記載のホウ素吸着ゲル。2. The boron-adsorbed gel according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional structure is a crosslinked body or a reticulated body. 刺激応答性が、熱応答性またはpH応答性である請求項1または2記載のホウ素吸着ゲル。3. The boron-adsorbed gel according to claim 1, wherein the stimulus responsiveness is heat responsiveness or pH responsiveness. ホウ素含有排水と請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のホウ素吸着ゲルとを接触させ、該ゲルにホウ素を吸着させることによりホウ素含有排水からホウ素を除去することを特徴とするホウ素含有排水の処理方法。A method for treating boron-containing wastewater, comprising contacting the boron-containing wastewater with the boron-adsorbing gel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and removing the boron from the boron-containing wastewater by adsorbing boron to the gel. Method. 膨潤状態のホウ素吸着ゲルをホウ素含有排水と接触させて該ゲルにホウ素を吸着させた後、該ゲルが応答する刺激を与えて該ゲルを収縮させ、収縮したゲルを取除くことからなる請求項4記載のホウ素含有排水の処理方法。A method comprising: contacting a swollen boron-adsorbed gel with a boron-containing wastewater to cause the gel to adsorb boron, then applying a stimulus to the gel to shrink the gel, and removing the shrinked gel. 5. The method for treating a boron-containing wastewater according to 4.
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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007004458A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 Kowa Company, Ltd. Agent for removing boron and method for removing boron
JP2009207964A (en) * 2008-03-03 2009-09-17 Kazumi Oguro Method for removing coloring matter component by paramylum
JP2010000449A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kuraray Co Ltd Polyvinyl alcohol molded article
US8070950B2 (en) 2007-01-30 2011-12-06 Kowa Company, Ltd. Boron-removing agent and boron removal method utilizing xerogel
JP2015508300A (en) * 2011-12-19 2015-03-19 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ Decontamination gel and method for decontaminating a surface by wetting using said gel
CN106673166A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-05-17 厦门大学 Method for deeply purifying water by using silks
CN110433784A (en) * 2019-08-15 2019-11-12 毛艳艳 A kind of preparation method of plant effuent environmental protection treatment functional material
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007004458A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 Kowa Company, Ltd. Agent for removing boron and method for removing boron
US7846339B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2010-12-07 Kowa Company, Ltd. Method for removing boron
JP4948404B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2012-06-06 興和株式会社 Boron remover and boron removal method
US8070950B2 (en) 2007-01-30 2011-12-06 Kowa Company, Ltd. Boron-removing agent and boron removal method utilizing xerogel
JP2009207964A (en) * 2008-03-03 2009-09-17 Kazumi Oguro Method for removing coloring matter component by paramylum
JP2010000449A (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-07 Kuraray Co Ltd Polyvinyl alcohol molded article
JP2015508300A (en) * 2011-12-19 2015-03-19 コミッサリア ア レネルジー アトミーク エ オ ゼネルジ ザルタナテイヴ Decontamination gel and method for decontaminating a surface by wetting using said gel
CN106673166A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-05-17 厦门大学 Method for deeply purifying water by using silks
CN110433784A (en) * 2019-08-15 2019-11-12 毛艳艳 A kind of preparation method of plant effuent environmental protection treatment functional material
CN113562855A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-10-29 浙江砉润科技有限公司 Environment-friendly efficient boiler water regulator for drum boiler

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