CN114804268A - Automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device and method for low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system - Google Patents
Automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device and method for low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114804268A CN114804268A CN202210739993.9A CN202210739993A CN114804268A CN 114804268 A CN114804268 A CN 114804268A CN 202210739993 A CN202210739993 A CN 202210739993A CN 114804268 A CN114804268 A CN 114804268A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for automatically adjusting and recovering waste heat of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system, and belongs to the technical field of seawater distillation and desalination. The utility model provides a low temperature multiple effect distillation sea water desalination system waste heat automatically regulated recovery unit, including by the main line, backpressure pipeline and the steam mixing pipeline forms the backpressure operation route of effect body evaporimeter, form the steam extraction operation route of effect body evaporimeter by side pipeline one, side pipeline two, steam extraction pipeline and steam mixing pipeline to and play the steam heat transfer baffle effect of turning back under the normal operating condition, play the switch-on gas membrane of forward switch-on steam output effect under the shutoff circulation state, the high-efficient work of backpressure operation route and steam extraction operation route is controlled by sensor control and control valve. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device provided by the invention has the characteristics of stable steam extraction flow, accurate regulation and control and high comprehensive utilization rate, and effectively solves the technical problems of low heat exchange efficiency, low water generation ratio, low automation degree and the like of an effect body evaporator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a device and a method for automatically adjusting and recovering waste heat of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system.
Background
A low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is a thermal method seawater desalination production process with more commercialized cases at present, and is a production technology for desalinating seawater with the original seawater evaporation temperature controlled below 70 ℃, a series of effect body evaporators containing a spray pipe bundle and a heat exchange pipe bundle are connected in series, power steam circulates in the heat exchange pipe bundle, simultaneously, feed seawater is sprayed to the outer wall of the heat exchange pipe bundle from top to bottom through the spray pipe bundle and is uniformly distributed, partial seawater absorbs the latent heat of steam released by steam condensation in the heat exchange pipe bundle and is vaporized into secondary steam to enter a next effect body evaporator, so that the evaporation temperature of the latter effect body is lower than that of the former effect body, and the production process of desalinated water with the steam quantity being multiple times is obtained. This evaporation and condensation process is repeated along the series of effect evaporators until the vapor of the last effect is introduced into the condenser and fully condensed. At present, in order to fully utilize the waste heat of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system, a single-stage waste heat recovery steam ejector or a multi-stage waste heat recovery steam ejector is used, but the steam extraction flow of the existing secondary steam waste heat recovery device or steam recovery device is unstable, the adjustable precision and the comprehensive utilization efficiency are low, and therefore the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is generally not additionally provided with or is rarely additionally provided with the waste heat recovery device.
In terms of the prior art, the use of low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination systems has the following problems:
1. the existing low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system often causes the heat exchange efficiency of an effect body evaporator to be reduced due to the problems of breakage of a spray pipe bundle, blockage of a nozzle, slime deposition of a heat exchange pipe bundle, scaling and the like, seawater cannot absorb latent heat of steam released by condensation of steam inside the heat exchange pipe bundle to be vaporized or only generates a very small amount of secondary steam to enter a subsequent effect body evaporator, the steam amount entering the subsequent effect body evaporator is obviously reduced, the heat exchange steam amount entering the subsequent effect body evaporator is reduced accordingly, the subsequent effect body evaporator generates a very small amount of desalinated water, the output amount of condensed water generated by the first effect is usually equal to the input amount of power steam, and the water yield and the water generation ratio of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system are seriously affected.
2. After the heat exchange efficiency of the effect body evaporator is reduced, the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system where the heat exchange efficiency is low usually needs to be shut down to check the specific fault reason of the effect body evaporator with the lower heat exchange efficiency, so that the operation state of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system can be restored after the spray tube bundles and the heat exchange tube bundles are subjected to conventional spray tube bundle repair and the acid washing of the heat exchange tube bundles in a targeted manner, the period of shutdown is long, the treatment process is complicated, and the long-period continuous safe operation of the seawater desalination system is not facilitated.
3. The heat exchange steam of the effect body evaporator of the existing low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system usually adopts a natural circulation mode or a forced condensation circulation mode, the flash steam of a strong brine flash tank and a product water flash tank usually flows back through natural flash, the waste heat recovery efficiency is lower, and the comprehensive heat exchange efficiency is lower.
4. The single-stage waste heat recovery steam ejector or the multi-stage waste heat recovery steam ejector arranged in the existing low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system cannot be used for mutual supplement, only can be operated by an independent system, and has single operation mode, inflexible operation and low automation degree.
5. The wet steam of the waste heat recovery steam ejector body of the existing low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system at the throat is repeatedly condensed and evaporated, so that the hydraulic shock surge phenomenon occurs in the flow regulating valve core and the subsequent connecting pipeline of the waste heat recovery steam ejector.
6. The existing adjusting mode of the waste heat recovery steam ejector of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system generally adopts a telescopic nozzle mode to adjust the steam extraction flow, the nozzle is easily blocked by corrosion products in a steam pipeline during the shutdown period of the system, the power steam control adjusting parameters are mostly variable, and the steam extraction flow adjusting linearity is poor, so that the problems of efficiency reduction, abnormal vibration and the like of the steam ejector are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: provides a device and a method for automatically adjusting and recovering the waste heat of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: an automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system comprises a main pipeline, a steam mixing pipeline, a first side pipeline, a second side pipeline, a back pressure pipeline, a steam extraction pipeline, a temperature reduction pipeline and a balance sensor;
the main pipeline is connected to an external steam source, the steam mixing pipeline is connected with the main pipeline in series, the first side pipeline, the second side pipeline and the backpressure pipeline are connected in parallel, the first side pipeline, the second side pipeline and the backpressure pipeline are connected between the main pipeline and the backpressure pipeline, the tail end of the steam mixing pipeline is connected to a heat exchange tube bundle of a first effect body evaporator, the output end of the first effect body evaporator is connected with a plurality of effect body evaporators in series, a balance sensor is installed on each effect body evaporator and used for monitoring internal environment data of the effect body evaporators, one end of the temperature reducing pipeline is connected to the outlet end of a condensed water collecting box of the first effect body evaporator, the other end of the temperature reducing pipeline is connected to the middle part of the steam mixing pipeline, the input end of the steam extraction pipeline is independently connected with each effect body evaporator, and a recovery control valve is installed between each effect body evaporator and the steam extraction pipeline, the output end of the steam extraction pipeline is respectively connected to the middle part of the first bypass pipeline and the second bypass pipeline;
the main pipeline, the backpressure pipeline and the steam mixing pipeline form a backpressure operation passage of the effect body evaporator, the first bypass pipeline, the second bypass pipeline, the steam extraction pipeline and the steam mixing pipeline form a steam extraction operation passage of the effect body evaporator, valves and sensors for adjusting precision are mounted on the backpressure operation passage and the steam extraction operation passage, and the valves and the sensors are controlled to be connected to control devices of the first bypass pipeline and the second bypass pipeline;
the tip of the inside heat exchanger tube bank of effect body evaporator is provided with supporting diaphragm, is provided with on this supporting diaphragm and switches on the gas film, switch on and set up the reservation passageway of fine and close staggered arrangement on the gas film, reservation passageway is cross seam structure, reservation passageway one-way conduction under the steam extraction pressure differential effect, switch on the gas film and reserve the effect that the passageway closed performance steam heat transfer baffle of turning back under normal operating condition, cut off the effect that reservation passageway opened performance forward conduction steam output under the circulation state.
Furthermore, a first steam control valve, a second warm pressure sensor and a first steam ejector are sequentially installed on the first bypass pipeline along the steam inlet direction, a first steam extraction branch is connected to the first steam ejector, the first steam extraction branch is connected to the steam extraction pipeline, a first steam extraction control valve is installed on the first steam extraction branch, a second warm pressure sensor is used for feeding back steam temperature and pressure parameters at the first steam control valve to a control device, and the control device is used for assisting in adjusting the opening degree of the first steam extraction control valve; the control device is used for assisting in adjusting the opening degrees of the first steam control valve and the first steam extraction control valve, and indirectly controlling the steam extraction amount of the first steam extractor in a mode of controlling the steam inlet pressure of the first steam extractor and the opening degree of a path of an air suction channel.
Furthermore, the first steam ejector comprises an ejection shell, a control device, a steam extraction throat, an ejector body, a drainage control valve, a sealing assembly, a supporting frame, a transmission actuator, a driving motor, a transmission guide rod and a steam extraction valve core;
the steam extraction shell is of a three-way structure, the control device is installed on the steam extraction shell, the steam extraction throat is arranged inside the steam extraction shell, the steam extraction throat is of a funnel structure, the ejector body is matched with the steam extraction throat, the drain control valve is installed on the steam extraction shell and used for discharging condensed water at the steam extraction throat, the ejector body is arranged in the steam extraction shell, the end part of the ejector body extends to the outside of the steam extraction shell, the sealing assembly is used for sealing an assembly gap between the ejector body and the steam extraction shell, the supporting frame is arranged at the end part of the ejector body, the transmission actuator is in transmission connection with the end part of the ejector body, the output end of the driving motor is connected with the transmission actuator, and the driving motor is electrically connected with the control device; the drainage control valve can discharge condensed water, so that the phenomenon of hydraulic impact surge of the steam ejector and a subsequent connecting pipeline is avoided, the transmission actuator converts the rotary kinetic energy generated by the driving motor into the telescopic kinetic energy axially transmitted by the transmission guide rod, the control device controls the driving motor to rotate forwards and backwards at a constant speed, the adjustment of steam flow is realized by controlling the gap between the steam extraction valve core and the steam extraction throat under the transmission of the transmission actuator, and a linear adjustment mode is provided for the control of steam circulation.
The steam extraction device comprises an extractor body, a steam extraction valve core, a plurality of guide blades and a transmission guide rod, wherein the extractor body comprises the steam extraction valve core, the guide blades and the transmission guide rod, the steam extraction valve core is matched with a steam extraction throat, the guide blades are uniformly distributed on the steam extraction valve core, the transmission guide rod is installed on the steam extraction valve core, the transmission guide rod is carried on a supporting frame, and the end part of the transmission guide rod is connected with a transmission actuator; the guide vanes can guide the steam to the steam extraction throat opening in a balanced manner, and the phenomenon of hydraulic shock surge caused by the generation of rotating vortex flow in the steam ejector and the subsequent connecting pipeline is avoided.
Further, a first bypass pipeline is also provided with a thermal expansion joint, the thermal expansion joint is respectively arranged at the steam inlet and the steam outlet of the first steam ejector, the first bypass pipeline also comprises a first buffer branch, the first buffer branch is connected with the thermal expansion joint in parallel, and the first buffer branch is sequentially provided with a first bypass control valve and a first bypass sensor along the steam inlet direction; the thermal expansion energy-saving balance pipeline avoids stress damage for a long time due to pipeline expansion allowance caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold during starting or stopping.
Furthermore, the second bypass pipeline and the first bypass pipeline have the same structure, and the second bypass pipeline and the first bypass pipeline are mutually standby routes.
Furthermore, a first temperature and pressure sensor and a first steam inlet control valve are sequentially installed on the main pipeline along the steam inlet direction, the first temperature and pressure sensor feeds back pressure data monitored by the steam system to the control device, and the control device automatically adjusts the opening of the steam inlet control valve according to the load state of the seawater desalination system; the steam inlet control valve is a primary steam inlet regulating valve of the seawater desalination system and is used for combining the first steam control valve, the second steam control valve and the back pressure control valve, and the control device jointly regulates the operation mode of the automatic waste heat regulation and recovery device according to power steam parameters and the load of the seawater desalination system.
Furthermore, back pressure control valve and warm-pressing sensor four are installed in proper order along the admission direction to the back pressure pipeline, warm-pressing sensor four is used for feeding back steam temperature, the pressure parameter of back pressure control valve department to controlling means, controlling means assists the aperture of adjusting the back pressure control valve.
Further, a vacuum breaker valve is installed on the steam mixing pipeline, the vacuum breaker valve is positioned at the inlet end of the first effect evaporator, and the opening degree of the vacuum breaker valve is adjusted by a control device; during the shutdown period of the seawater desalination system (namely, the steam inlet control valve is closed), the vacuum breaker valve can quickly supply air to the steam mixing pipeline to break the vacuum state in the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system, so that the vacuum state is recovered to the atmospheric pressure.
The temperature reduction pipeline is provided with a temperature reduction water pump and a flow controller, the flow controller is arranged at the outlet end of the temperature reduction water pump, and the temperature reduction pipeline is used for providing temperature reduction water for the steam mixing pipeline; the control device controls the flow controller to work according to the steam data fed back by the temperature and pressure sensor IV and the bypass sensor, the flow controller controls the output of the temperature reduction water pump, and when the steam parameter is too high or the temperature reduction water nozzle is blocked, the temperature reduction pipeline can effectively play the role of temperature reduction and pressure reduction.
Further, the balance sensor comprises a temperature difference sensor, a pressure balance chamber and a pressure difference sensor which are connected in series, the balance sensor is electrically connected with the control device, and the balance sensor is used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure data of the secondary steam in the feedback effect body evaporator in real time.
A method for using an automatic waste heat adjusting and recovering device of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is characterized in that power steam enters the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system in the following two modes,
a: when the power steam pressure is lower than 0.12MPa and lower than the operation technical requirement of a TVC ejector, the control device controls the steam inlet control valve and the back pressure control valve to be opened, the steam control valve I and the steam control valve II are closed, and the power steam is subjected to temperature and pressure reduction through the temperature and pressure reduction pipeline and then directly enters the first effect body evaporator through the first steam channel to operate in a back pressure mode;
b: when the power steam pressure is 0.12MPa-0.40MPa, the back pressure control valve is closed, the steam inlet control valve, the steam control valve I, the steam control valve II, the steam extraction control valve I, the steam extraction control valve II and the recovery control valve are opened, secondary steam is extracted from the effect body evaporator respectively through the steam ejector I and the steam ejector II which are connected in parallel, the secondary steam is circularly mixed with the power steam, and the mixed steam and the power steam enter the first effect body evaporator after passing through a temperature reduction pipeline to operate in a steam extraction mode.
Has the advantages that: 1. the invention arranges a conducting air film at the end of the heat exchange tube bundle of the effect body evaporator, the reserved channel of the conducting air film is in a closed state under the normal operation state, when the waste heat automatic adjusting and recycling device detects that the internal pressure and temperature data of the effect body evaporator are increased (or the internal pressure and temperature data of the next effect body evaporator are reduced) according to a balance sensor, the heat exchange efficiency of the effect body evaporator is judged to be reduced (or the heat exchange efficiency of the former effect body evaporator is reduced), the waste heat recycling adjusting valve of the effect body evaporator with low heat exchange efficiency is closed at the moment, the opening degree of the waste heat recycling adjusting valve of the latter effect body evaporator is increased, the reserved channel of the conducting air film of the effect body evaporator is opened, the steam extractor of the waste heat automatic adjusting and recycling device is used for extracting the secondary steam part generated by the former effect body evaporator, so that the secondary steam passes through the effect body evaporator with low heat exchange efficiency and is forced to enter the latter effect body evaporator for carrying out the production process of repeated water, the problems that the heat exchange efficiency of the effect body evaporator is reduced and even the production operation of the desalted water cannot be maintained due to the problems of breakage of a spray pipe bundle, blockage of a nozzle, slime deposition and scaling of a heat exchange pipe bundle and the like are well solved;
the waste heat automatic regulating and recycling device extracts partial secondary steam of the effect body evaporator, so that the first effect steam quantity entering the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is far higher than the entering quantity of power steam, and the water yield and the water making ratio of the sea fresh water device are effectively improved.
2. According to the invention, the internal condition of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system is monitored in real time through the valve and the sensor, the automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device can avoid the blockage fault of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system, the system does not need to be stopped immediately after the fault, the pickling treatment can be carried out at a proper time, and the continuous and safe operation period of the seawater desalination system is prolonged.
3. According to the invention, the secondary steam quantity of the first steam ejector and the second steam ejector for extracting the effect body evaporator promotes the strong brine flash tank and the product water flash tank to flow back to enter the effect body evaporator, and promotes the forward circulation of steam in the effect body evaporator along the heat exchange and cooling direction of the effect body, so that the waste heat utilization efficiency is improved; the steam extraction and separation mode under the action of the conducted air film prolongs the operation period of the seawater desalination system and improves the overall heat exchange efficiency.
4. The secondary steam of the effect body evaporator part is extracted through the second side pipeline and the first side pipeline which have the same structure and function, the second side pipeline and the first side pipeline are mutually standby routes and work together with the backpressure pipeline according to the condition of the power steam, the operation process is fed back by the sensors to the control device, the control device regulates and controls the valve, the automation degree is high, and the operation is flexible.
5. According to the invention, the steam extraction valve core is provided with a plurality of guide blades, the guide blades guide steam to the steam extraction throat opening in a balanced manner, and the drain control valve is arranged at the bottom of the steam extraction shell, so that wet steam condensate at the steam extraction throat opening can be discharged in time, and the phenomenon of hydraulic shock surge of the steam ejector and a subsequent connecting pipeline caused by the generation of a rotating vortex is avoided.
6. The steam flow of the steam ejector is accurately adjusted through the gap between the steam extraction valve core and the steam circulation channel at the steam extraction throat, the comprehensive applicability is strong, the secondary steam extraction flow is linearly controlled and adjusted by adopting the forward and reverse rotation direct drive motor, the linear adjustment is provided for the steam flow control of the steam extraction valve core, and the problems of low efficiency, abnormal vibration and the like of the steam ejector are effectively solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic end view of the interior of the effect evaporator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the vapor extractor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the inventive ejector body.
Figure 5 is a side view of the ejector body of figure 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the working positions of the ejector body and the steam extraction throat.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the transmission of the ejector body of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a balanced sensor of the present invention.
The reference signs are: 1. an effect body evaporator; 2. an admission control valve; 3. a first steam control valve; 4. a second steam control valve; 5. a back pressure control valve; 6. a thermal expansion joint; 7. a first steam ejector; 8. a second steam ejector; 9. a first bypass control valve; 10. a second bypass control valve; 11. a vacuum break valve; 12. a temperature reduction water pump; 13. a first steam extraction control valve; 14. a second steam extraction control valve; 15. a recovery control valve; 16. a balance sensor; 17. a first temperature and pressure sensor; 18. a second temperature and pressure sensor; 19. a third temperature and pressure sensor; 20. a temperature and pressure sensor IV; 21. a bypass sensor; 22. a flow controller; 23. a spray pipe bundle; 24. a spray nozzle; 25. a heat exchange tube bundle; 26. conducting the air film; 27. a drive motor; 28. a drain control valve; 29. a transmission actuator; 30. a guide bar lock ring; 31. a steam extraction valve core; 32. a guide blade; 33. a drive guide rod; 34. a support frame; 35. a drive gimbal; 36. a seal assembly; 37. a suction chamber; 38. a mixing chamber; 39. a pressure expansion chamber; 40. a temperature difference sensor; 41. a pressure balance chamber; 42. a differential pressure sensor; 43. a steam extraction throat; 44. a control device; 45. a main pipeline; 46. a bypass line I; 47. a bypass pipeline II; 48. a back pressure line; 49. a mixed steam pipeline; 50. a desuperheating pipeline; 51. a steam extraction pipeline; 52. the outlet end of the condensed water collecting box; 53. a second steam channel; 54. a first steam passage; 55. and reserving the channel.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Example 1:
in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency and the water generation ratio of the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system, an automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device is introduced to the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system comprises a main pipeline 45 connected to an external steam source, a steam mixing pipeline 49 connected in series with the main pipeline 45, a first bypass pipeline 46, a second bypass pipeline 47 and a back pressure pipeline 48 connected between the main pipeline 45 and the steam mixing pipeline 49, wherein the first bypass pipeline 46, the second bypass pipeline 47 and the back pressure pipeline 48 are connected in parallel, a steam extraction pipeline 51 connected between the middle part of the first bypass pipeline 46 and the middle part of the second bypass pipeline 47 is connected, a plurality of effect body evaporators 1 are connected on the steam extraction pipeline 51, a plurality of effect body evaporators 1 are connected in series, a recycling control valve 15 is installed between each of the plurality of effect body evaporators 1 and the steam extraction pipeline 51, a balance sensor 16 is installed on each effect body evaporator 1, the tail end of the steam mixing pipeline 49 is connected to a heat exchange tube bundle 25 of the first effect body evaporator 1, and one end of the steam mixing pipeline 49 is connected to the middle part of the steam mixing pipeline 49, the other end of the temperature reducing pipeline 50 is connected with the outlet end of the condensed water collecting box of the first effect body evaporator 1;
the main pipeline 45, the backpressure pipeline 48 and the steam mixing pipeline 49 form a backpressure operation passage of the effect body evaporator 1, the first side pipeline 46, the second side pipeline 47, the steam extraction pipeline 51 and the steam mixing pipeline 49 form a steam extraction operation passage of the effect body evaporator 1, various valves and sensors for controlling and adjusting the precision are installed on the backpressure operation passage and the steam extraction operation passage, and the various valves and sensors are controlled and connected to the control device 44 of the first side pipeline 46 and the second side pipeline 47;
the end part of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 in the effect body evaporator 1 is provided with a supporting clapboard, the supporting clapboard is provided with a conduction air film 26, the conduction air film 26 is provided with a reserved passage 55 which is densely and alternately arranged, the reserved passage 55 is of a cross seam structure, the reserved passage 55 is conducted in a single direction under the action of steam extraction pressure difference, the conduction air film 26 closes the reserved passage 55 under the normal operation state to play the role of a steam turn-back heat exchange clapboard, and the reserved passage 55 opens the function of forward conduction steam output under the partition circulation state.
Example 2:
in order to improve the automation degree of the automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device, an embodiment 2 is provided;
in this embodiment, an improvement is made on the basis of embodiment 1, specifically, referring to fig. 1, a first warm pressure sensor 17 and a steam admission control valve 2 are sequentially installed on a main pipeline 45 along a steam admission direction, the first warm pressure sensor 17 feeds back pressure data monitored by a steam system to a control device 44, and the control device 44 controls a load state of a seawater desalination system according to the data fed back by the first warm pressure sensor 17 to automatically adjust an opening degree of the steam admission control valve 2.
The back pressure pipeline 48 is sequentially provided with a back pressure control valve 5 and a warm pressure sensor four 20 along the steam inlet direction, the warm pressure sensor four 20 feeds back steam temperature and pressure parameters at the back pressure control valve 5 to the control device 44, and the control device 44 assists in adjusting the opening degree of the back pressure control valve 5.
The first bypass pipeline 46 and the second bypass pipeline 47 have the same structure and the same function, the two sets of bypass pipelines complement each other, taking the first bypass pipeline 46 as an example for detailed description, the first bypass pipeline 46 is sequentially provided with a first steam control valve 3, a second temperature and pressure sensor 18 and a first steam ejector 7 along the steam inlet direction, the first steam ejector 7 is connected with a first steam extraction branch, the first steam extraction branch is connected with a first steam extraction pipeline 51, the first steam extraction branch is provided with a first steam extraction control valve 13, the second temperature and pressure sensor 18 feeds back steam temperature and pressure parameters at the first steam control valve 3 to the control device 44, the control device 44 assists in adjusting the opening degree of the first steam control valve 3, high-pressure steam generates high-speed airflow when passing through a nozzle of the first steam ejector 7, a low-pressure area is generated at the outlet of the nozzle, low-pressure provides power for secondary steam of the first steam ejector 51 to enter the first steam ejector 7 to realize steam extraction action of the first steam ejector 7, and the first steam extraction control valve 13 is controlled by the control device 44, the control vapor extractor one 7 extracts vapor from the vapor extraction line 51.
The steam mixing pipeline 49 is provided with a vacuum breaker valve 11, the vacuum breaker valve 11 is positioned at the inlet end of the first effect body evaporator 1, the vacuum breaker valve 11 is controlled by the control device 44, when the steam inlet control valve 2 is closed, the vacuum state in the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system can be quickly broken to be recovered to the atmospheric pressure, namely, during the shutdown period of the seawater desalination system (when the steam inlet control valve 2 is closed), the vacuum breaker valve 11 can quickly supply air to the steam mixing pipeline 49 to break the vacuum state in the low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination system, so that the vacuum state is recovered to the atmospheric pressure.
The temperature-reducing water pump 12 and the flow controller 22 are installed on the temperature-reducing pipeline 50, the flow controller 22 is arranged at the outlet end of the temperature-reducing water pump 12, the flow of temperature-reducing water fed into the flow controller 22 is automatically adjusted and controlled according to the detection data of the temperature-pressure sensor IV 20 and the bypass sensor 21 of the control device 44, and when the steam parameters are too high or the temperature-reducing water nozzle is blocked, the temperature-reducing pipeline 50 can effectively play the functions of temperature reduction and pressure reduction, so that the equipment is protected.
The balance sensor 16 comprises a temperature difference sensor 40, a pressure balance chamber 41 and a pressure difference sensor 42 which are connected in series, the balance sensor 16 is electrically connected with a control device 44, and the temperature and pressure data of the secondary steam in the feedback effect body evaporator 1 are monitored in real time.
Example 3:
in order to balance the expansion allowance of the pipeline caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold during starting or stopping, and avoid the stress damage caused by long-term operation in the embodiment 2, an embodiment 3 is provided;
the present embodiment is described by making an improvement on the basis of embodiment 2, specifically, referring to fig. 1, taking a first bypass pipeline 46 as an example, a thermal expansion joint 6 is further installed on the first bypass pipeline 46, and the thermal expansion joint 6 is disposed at an inlet and an outlet of a first vapor ejector 7; the first bypass line 46 further comprises a first buffer branch line connected with the first steam ejector 7 in parallel, the first buffer branch line is connected at a position where the first buffer branch line is not influenced by the thermal expansion joint 6 in operation, and the first buffer branch line is sequentially provided with a first bypass control valve 9 and a first bypass sensor 21 along the steam inlet direction.
Example 4:
in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency and the water making ratio of the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system, embodiment 4 is provided;
the embodiment is an improvement description based on embodiment 1, and specifically, please refer to fig. 2, the inside of the effect body evaporator 1 includes a plurality of shower bundles 23, shower nozzles 24, heat exchange bundles 25 and conducting air films 26, the shower bundles 23 are arranged at the top inside the effect body evaporator 1, the heat exchange bundles 25 are arranged at the lower part of the shower bundles 23, the shower bundles 23 are provided with the plurality of shower nozzles 24, the shower nozzles 24 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the shower bundles 23, the bottom plane of the shower nozzles 24 is parallel to the plane of the heat exchange bundles 25, so as to ensure that the incoming seawater is uniformly distributed to the outer wall of the heat exchange bundles 25 through the shower nozzles 24, the conducting air films 26 are arranged on the supporting partition plates at the end surfaces of the heat exchange bundles 25, the conducting air films 26 are provided with reserved channels 55 arranged in a staggered manner, the reserved channels 55 are in a cross seam structure, the reserved channels 55 are many and are densely arranged, the reserved channel 55 is provided on one side of the conducting gas film 26 to form a bulge, and the bulge structure enables steam to break through the reserved channel 55 to have directionality (the forward bulge direction is easy, and the reverse bulge direction is difficult), so that the reserved channel 55 has unidirectional conduction capability under the action of steam extraction pressure difference, when the effect body evaporator 1 is in a normal operation state, the internal pressure of the effect body evaporator 1 is stable, steam evaporated by seawater cannot break through the cross seam reserved channel 55 on the conducting gas film 26, at the moment, the conducting gas film 26 plays a role of a steam turning back heat exchange partition plate, when the effect body evaporator 1 is in low-efficiency operation (under the condition of blockage and the like), the steam extraction pipeline 51 can extract the steam in the next effect body evaporator 1, so that negative pressure difference is generated in the effect body evaporator 1, the steam in the low-efficiency effect body evaporator 1 can break through the reserved channel 55 on the conducting gas film 26 and directly enters the next effect body evaporator 1, at this time, the conducting gas film 26 functions as a forward conducting vapor output.
In the normal heat exchange process of the effect body evaporator 1, the secondary steam from the last effect body evaporator 1 firstly passes through the demister of the last effect body evaporator 1 to filter moisture and salt carried in the secondary steam, enters the first steam channel 54 of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 of the effect body evaporator 1 (positioned at the lower part of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 and accounting for 80-90% of the total amount of the heat exchange tube bundle 25), is condensed after heat exchange of the secondary steam, part of insufficiently condensed steam returns back to enter the second steam channel 53 of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 (positioned at the upper part of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 and accounting for 10-20% of the total amount of the heat exchange tube bundle 25) under the blocking action of the conducting gas membrane 26, is condensed after heat exchange of the secondary steam, the uncondensed steam is fed back to the control device 44 by monitoring data of the balance sensor 16, and the control device 44 controls the opening degrees of the recovery control valve 15, the first steam extraction control valve 13 and the second steam extraction control valve 14, and the steam enters the first steam ejector 7 and the second steam ejector 8, and enters the interior of the first effect body evaporator 1 again along with the power steam to carry out a circulating waste heat recovery control process, so that condensed water and secondary steam with redundant power steam quantity are obtained, and the water making ratio and the water yield of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system are effectively improved.
The effect body evaporator 1 is in a flow blocking state (a heat exchange efficiency reduction state), secondary steam from the previous effect body evaporator 1 firstly passes through a demister of the previous effect body evaporator 1 to filter moisture and salt carried in the secondary steam, monitoring data of each balance sensor 16 is fed back to the control device 44, the control device 44 automatically controls the opening of a recovery control valve 15 on the next effect body evaporator 1 according to the feedback data, simultaneously closes the recovery control valve 15 of the effect body evaporator 1, and increases the secondary steam extraction amount of the next effect body evaporator 1 under the combined action of a steam extraction control valve I13 and a steam extraction control valve II 14, so that the secondary steam extraction amount enters a steam extractor I7 and a steam extractor II 8 respectively and enters the interior of the first effect body evaporator 1 again along with power steam; the reserved channel 55 on the conducting gas film 26 is opened when the steam entering the first steam channel 54 and the second steam channel 53 of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 of the next effect body evaporator 1 is in a negative pressure state of steam extraction of the next effect body evaporator 1, the steam directly enters the first steam channel 54 of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 of the next effect body evaporator 1, condensation is carried out after heat exchange, and partial steam which is not fully condensed returns back to enter the second steam channel 53 of the heat exchange tube bundle 25 under the blocking of the conducting gas film 26, so that the heat exchange condensation process is repeated.
Example 5:
in order to improve the linear regulation capacity of the waste heat automatic regulation and recovery device for controlling steam flow and slow down the hydraulic shock surge phenomenon, embodiment 5 is provided;
this embodiment is described as an improvement on embodiment 1, specifically, referring to fig. 3-7, the first steam ejector 7 and the second steam ejector 8 have the same structure and function, and the first steam ejector 7 is taken as an example to be described in detail, the first steam ejector 7 includes a driving motor 27, a drain control valve 28, a transmission actuator 29, a guide link ring 30, a steam extraction valve core 31, guide vanes 32, a transmission guide rod 33, a support frame 34, a transmission universal joint 35, a sealing assembly 36, a steam extraction throat 43, and an extraction casing, the extraction casing is in a three-way structure, the extraction casing forms three parts of a suction chamber 37, a mixing chamber 38, and a diffuser chamber 39,
the steam extraction valve core 31 is provided with a plurality of guide blades 32, the guide blades 32 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the steam extraction valve core 31, and the function of the guide blades is to guide steam to the steam extraction throat 43 in a balanced manner, so that the phenomenon of hydraulic shock surge of a steam ejector and a subsequent connecting pipeline caused by the generation of a rotating vortex is avoided;
the driving motor 27 adopts a direct-current positive and negative rotation constant-speed driving mode and has the function of providing linear regulation for controlling the steam circulation by the transmission guide rod 33 and the steam extraction valve core 31;
the transmission actuator 29 converts the rotational kinetic energy generated by the driving motor 27 into the expansion kinetic energy transmitted by the transmission guide rod 33 in the axial direction;
the steam extraction valve core 31 is fixedly connected with the transmission actuator 29 through the transmission guide rod 33, a plurality of guide rod lock rings 30 and transmission universal joints 35 are arranged on the transmission guide rod 33, the guide rod lock rings 30 are used for providing telescopic supporting slideways for the transmission guide rod 33 and supporting radial stress, the transmission guide rod 33 is prevented from being bent in a telescopic mode, the transmission universal joints 35 are used for fixedly connecting the transmission guide rods 33, and the auxiliary guide rod lock rings 30 are used for balancing the radial stress of the transmission guide rods 33;
the drainage control valve 28 is arranged at the bottom of the suction chamber 37 and is used for timely discharging wet steam condensate at the steam extraction throat 43 so as to avoid hydraulic impact surge of the steam ejector and subsequent connecting pipelines;
the supporting frame 34 is respectively connected with the driving motor 27, the transmission actuator 29 and the steam ejector I7 and is used for bearing the axial thrust of the driving motor 27 and the transmission actuator 29;
the sealing component 36 is arranged at the dynamic and static combination part of the first steam ejector 7 and the transmission guide rod 33 and is used for sealing and blocking the first steam ejector 7 and the transmission guide rod 33 to avoid leakage of steam media;
the first steam ejector 7 can jointly control the recovery of the waste heat of the secondary steam and the steam extraction requirement to be adjusted according to the steam inlet control valve 2, the first steam control valve 3, the first steam extraction control valve 13 and the recovery control valve 15, and has strong adaptability to different power steam parameters and loads of a seawater desalination system;
the steam extraction capacity of the first steam ejector 7 can be output through the driving motor 27, the transmission guide rod 33 and the steam extraction valve core 31 are extended and contracted through the transmission actuator 29, and the steam extraction throat 43 is adjusted on the section of a steam flow channel to realize accurate auxiliary adjustment.
When the invention is used, two using methods can be adopted according to the power steam pressure:
1. when the power steam pressure is lower than 0.12MPa and lower than the technical requirement of TVC ejector operation, the steam inlet control valve 2 and the back pressure control valve 5 are opened, the steam control valve I3 and the steam control valve II 4 are closed, and the power steam is subjected to temperature and pressure reduction and then directly enters the first effect body evaporator 1 through the first steam channel to operate in a back pressure mode.
2. When the power steam pressure is 0.12MPa-0.40MPa, the back pressure control valve 5 is closed, the steam inlet control valve 2, the steam control valve I3, the steam control valve II 4, the steam extraction control valve I13, the steam extraction control valve II 14 and the recovery control valve 15 are opened, and the secondary steam is extracted from the effect body evaporator 1 through the steam ejector I7 and the steam ejector II 8 respectively, is subjected to circulating mixing, is subjected to temperature reduction and pressure reduction with the power steam, and then enters the first effect evaporator.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the embodiments, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these equivalent changes are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A waste heat automatic regulating and recycling device of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system is characterized in that: comprises a main pipeline (45), a steam mixing pipeline (49), a first side pipeline (46), a second side pipeline (47), a back pressure pipeline (48), a steam extraction pipeline (51), a temperature reduction pipeline (50) and a balance sensor (16);
the main pipeline (45) is connected to an external steam source, the steam mixing pipeline (49) is connected with the main pipeline (45) in series, the first side pipeline (46), the second side pipeline (47) and the backpressure pipeline (48) are connected in parallel, the first side pipeline (46), the second side pipeline (47) and the backpressure pipeline (48) are connected between the main pipeline (45) and the backpressure pipeline (48), the tail end of the steam mixing pipeline (49) is connected to a heat exchange tube bundle (25) of a first effect body evaporator (1), the output end of the first effect body evaporator (1) is connected with a plurality of effect body evaporators (1) in series, a balance sensor (16) is installed on each effect body evaporator (1), the balance sensor (16) is used for monitoring internal environment data of the effect body evaporators (1), one end of the temperature reducing pipeline (50) is connected to a condensed water collecting box outlet end (52) of the first effect body evaporator (1), the other end of the temperature reduction pipeline (50) is connected to the middle of the steam mixing pipeline (49), the input end of the steam extraction pipeline (51) is independently connected with each effect body evaporator (1), a recovery control valve (15) is installed between each effect body evaporator (1) and the steam extraction pipeline (51), and the output end of the steam extraction pipeline (51) is respectively connected to the middle of the first bypass pipeline (46) and the second bypass pipeline (47);
the main pipeline (45), the backpressure pipeline (48) and the steam mixing pipeline (49) form a backpressure operation passage of the effect body evaporator (1), the first bypass pipeline (46), the second bypass pipeline (47), the steam extraction pipeline (51) and the steam mixing pipeline (49) form a steam extraction operation passage of the effect body evaporator (1), valves and sensors for adjusting precision are mounted on the backpressure operation passage and the steam extraction operation passage, and the valves and the sensors are controlled to be connected to control devices (44) of the first bypass pipeline (46) and the second bypass pipeline (47);
the tip of effect body evaporator (1) inside heat exchanger tube bank (25) is provided with the support baffle, is provided with on this support baffle and switches on gas membrane (26), set up on the gas membrane (26) fine and close staggered arrangement reserve passageway (55), reserve the passageway and be cross seam structure, reserve passageway (55) one-way conduction under the steam extraction pressure differential effect, it closes the effect that plays steam heat exchanger baffle of turning back to switch on gas membrane (26) reserve passageway (55) under normal operating condition, cuts off reserve passageway (55) and opens the effect that plays forward and switch on steam output under the circulation state.
2. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: other pipeline one (46) are installed steam control valve one (3), warm pressure sensor two (18), steam ejector one (7) in proper order along the admission direction, be connected with steam extraction branch road one on steam ejector one (7), steam extraction branch road one is connected on steam extraction pipeline (51), steam extraction branch road is gone up and is installed steam extraction control valve one (13), warm pressure sensor two (18) are used for feeding back steam temperature, pressure parameter to controlling means (44) of steam control valve one (3) department, and controlling means (44) are used for the auxiliary control to draw the aperture of steam control valve one (13).
3. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the first steam ejector (7) comprises an ejector shell, a control device (44), a steam extraction throat (43), an ejector body, a water drainage control valve (28), a sealing assembly (36), a supporting frame (34), a transmission actuator (29), a driving motor (27), a transmission guide rod (33) and a steam extraction valve core (31);
the extraction and ejection shell is of a three-way structure, the control device (44) is arranged on the extraction and ejection shell, the steam extraction throat opening (43) is arranged in the extraction and ejection shell, the steam extraction throat opening (43) is of a funnel structure, the ejector body is matched with the steam extraction throat opening (43), the drainage control valve (28) is arranged on the pumping casing, the drainage control valve (28) is used for discharging condensed water at a steam extraction throat opening (43), the ejector body is arranged in the ejector shell, the end part of the ejector body extends to the outside of the ejector shell, the sealing assembly (36) is used for sealing the assembly gap of the ejector body and the ejector shell, the supporting frame (34) is arranged at the end part of the ejector body, the transmission actuator (29) is connected to the end part of the ejector body in a transmission way, the output end of the driving motor (27) is connected with the transmission actuator (29), and the driving motor (27) is electrically connected with the control device (44);
the steam extraction device comprises an extractor valve core (31), a plurality of guide blades (32) and a transmission guide rod (33), wherein the extractor valve core (31) is matched with an extraction throat opening (43), the guide blades (32) are distributed on the extractor valve core (31) uniformly, the transmission guide rod (33) is installed on the extractor valve core (31), the transmission guide rod (33) is carried on a supporting frame (34), and the end part of the transmission guide rod (33) is connected with a transmission actuator (29).
4. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: still install thermal expansion joint (6) on the other pipeline (46), thermal expansion joint (6) set up respectively in the steam inlet and the steam outlet position of steam ejector (7), other pipeline (46) still include buffering branch road one, buffering branch road one is parallelly connected with thermal expansion joint (6), buffering branch road one is installed bypass control valve (9) and bypass sensor (21) in proper order along the admission direction.
5. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the second bypass pipeline (47) and the first bypass pipeline (46) are the same in structure, and the second bypass pipeline (47) and the first bypass pipeline (46) are mutually standby routes.
6. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a first warm-pressure sensor (17) and a steam inlet control valve (2) are sequentially installed on the main pipeline (45) along the steam approaching direction, monitoring pressure data of a steam system are fed back to the control device (44) by the first warm-pressure sensor (17), and the opening degree of the steam inlet control valve (2) is automatically adjusted by the control device (44) according to the load state of the seawater desalination system.
7. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: backpressure pipeline (48) are followed the admission direction and are installed backpressure control valve (5) and warm-pressing sensor four (20) in proper order, warm-pressing sensor four (20) are used for feeding back steam temperature, pressure parameter to controlling means (44) of backpressure control valve (5) department, controlling means (44) auxiliary regulation backpressure control valve (5) the aperture.
8. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a vacuum breaker valve (11) is installed on the steam mixing pipeline (49), the vacuum breaker valve (11) is positioned at the inlet end of the first effect evaporator (1), and the opening degree of the vacuum breaker valve (11) is adjusted by a control device (44);
the temperature reduction pipeline (50) is provided with a temperature reduction water pump (12) and a flow controller (22), the flow controller (22) is arranged at the outlet end of the temperature reduction water pump (12), and the temperature reduction pipeline (50) is used for providing temperature reduction water for the steam mixing pipeline (49).
9. The automatic waste heat adjusting and recycling device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the balance sensor (16) comprises a temperature difference sensor (40), a pressure balance chamber (41) and a pressure difference sensor (42) which are connected in series, the balance sensor (16) is electrically connected with a control device (44), and the balance sensor (16) is used for monitoring the temperature and pressure data of secondary steam in the feedback effect body evaporator (1) in real time.
10. The use method of the automatic waste heat regulating and recovering device for the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination system as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the automatic waste heat regulating and recovering device comprises the following steps: the power steam enters a low-temperature multi-effect distillation seawater desalination system in the following two ways,
a: when the power steam pressure is lower than 0.12MPa and lower than the operation technical requirement of a TVC ejector, the control device (44) controls the steam inlet control valve (2) and the back pressure control valve (5) to be opened, the steam control valve I (3) and the steam control valve II (4) to be closed, and the power steam is subjected to temperature reduction and pressure reduction through the temperature reduction pipeline (50) and then directly enters the first effect body evaporator (1) through the first steam channel (54) to operate in a back pressure mode;
b: when the power steam pressure is 0.12MPa-0.40MPa, the back pressure control valve (5) is closed, the steam inlet control valve (2), the steam control valve I (3), the steam control valve II (4), the steam extraction control valve I (13), the steam extraction control valve II (14) and the recovery control valve (15) are opened, and secondary steam is extracted from the effect body evaporator (1) through the steam extractor I (7) and the steam extractor II (8) which are connected in parallel and is circularly mixed with the power steam, and then enters the first effect body evaporator (1) through the temperature reduction pipeline (50) to operate in a steam extraction mode.
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| CN113149106A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 天津国投津能发电有限公司 | Heat exchange tube of low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination device and evaporator formed by same |
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| SU1092339A1 (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-05-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4805 | Method of charging heat-exchange tube with heat carrier |
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| US20130005929A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Flashline heater system and method |
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