CN114804067B - 水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法、应用及应用方法 - Google Patents
水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法、应用及应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于固废资源利用、有机溶剂吸附‑溶剂回收以及溢油泄漏治理技术领域,公开了一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法、应用及应用方法,包括采摘干燥、碳化以及对有机溶剂的吸附;本发明实现对水葫芦茎球大量坦然孔洞的有效利用,大大促进水葫芦的资源化价值,避免现有水葫芦生物炭利用技术中只利用粉体生物炭,而对水葫芦茎球天然孔洞利用不足的问题;同时利用水葫芦本身的多孔结构以及对有机溶剂的亲和性,可以高容量地吸附回收有机溶剂,应用于河流与海洋中溢油的治理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及固废资源利用、有机溶剂吸附-溶剂回收以及溢油泄漏治理技术领域,具体为一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,还包括一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的应用及应用方法。
背景技术
水葫芦,又称为凤眼莲,曾经作为一种污染治理植物引进到国内,然而,水葫芦的生长速度极快,而且株型也较大,会造成诸多问题:堵塞河流,导致河水无法流通,阻碍通航;泛滥后会迅速降低水中溶氧量,危及水体生物;滋生蚊虫、病菌等。因此,水葫芦的治理成为当今水域治理的重要环境问题之一,国家与社会在水葫芦的治理上投入了大量的精力与经费。除了各种物理法、生物法治理水葫芦问题,如何将水葫芦高价值化利用也是另一个有效的思路。大量的存在的水葫芦本身也是一种资源,资源化将会引入经济动力,促进水葫芦的治理与可控性利用。
为解决上述问题,中国专利(公开号:CN108117073B)公开了一种利用水葫芦制备多孔碳材料的方法及应用,将水葫芦生物质洗净、干燥并粉碎后,利用水热处理过程降解去除生物质中易降解的半纤维素及低分子量糖类,得到具有众多大分子孔洞的褐煤状水热碳,再利用高温熔盐热解过程将水热碳进一步碳化、活化,继而得到孔结构丰富、富含表面官能团的多孔生物碳材料。将大宗水生植物水葫芦转化成为高性能的生物碳材料,不仅实现了水葫芦生物质的处理处置问题,而且可以变废为宝,实现废弃生物质的高附加值资源化转化利用。同时,中国专利一种水葫芦铁生物炭的制备方法及其应用(公开号:CN109675564A)、一种以水葫芦为原料制备多孔类石墨烯材料的方法(公开号:CN104495796B)和一种水葫芦炭化营养土的生产方法(公开号:CN105037054A)均是将水葫芦破碎后碳化,最终利用的是粉体化生物炭。然而,水葫芦的茎球的最大特点为其大体积的多孔结构,只利用粉体碳大大降低其可利用性。
另外,随着世界工业发展,尤其是化工行业的快速增长的巨大需求,有机溶剂的使用量也越来越大。使用的有机溶剂中有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯代烷烃等致癌物,不管是挥发在室内还是在室外,都会对人类和动植物带来危害。排放到水体中的有机溶剂也会造成水体缺氧、生物大量死亡等严重环境污染问题。同时工业生产中也需要吸附材料来储存和回收有机溶剂。生活中产生的大量食用植物油也常常由于各种原因排放到水体上,对水体也有破坏作用。因此,制备高容量的有机溶剂吸附材料具有工业应用价值和环境治理应用价值。同时,海洋是原油运输的主要途径和重要产地,海上漏油事故屡屡发生,漏油事件对世界海洋生态造成了巨大破坏。在石油的开采、储存、运输和使用过程中,都可能会发生海洋意外漏油事件,河流实际上也存在类似风险。由于石油烃类污染物的潜在毒性和生物积累效应,会导致海洋生态系统遭受严重破坏,还会对沿岸水产业和旅游业造成巨大损失。机械回收是溢油治理的最基本、最普遍的方法,其灵活性强、溢油回收率高、不存在二次污染,是溢油事故处理的首选方法。而吸附法是最为彻底的处理方式,且吸附的溢油有回收利用的可能。生物炭材料运用在吸附领域具有“变废为宝、以废治废”的理念,在污染治理方面的研究是当前热点之一。在溢油吸附方面,生物炭具有低成本、溢油吸附选择性好等优势。然而生物碳材料往往作为一种硬碳存在,强度低,易粉化,回收难,实际上并不能在真实海洋环境中用于溢油吸附。因此,生物炭材料块体化处理是其运用在海上漏油处理的必要方向,利用水葫芦得到大体积的多孔结构块体生物碳材料正好可以用来解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,实现对水葫芦茎球大量坦然孔洞的有效利用,大大促进水葫芦的资源化价值,避免现有水葫芦生物炭利用技术中只利用粉体生物炭,而对水葫芦茎球天然孔洞利用不足的问题;还提供一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的应用及应用方法,利用水葫芦本身的多孔结构以及对有机溶剂的亲和性,可以高容量地吸附回收有机溶剂,应用于河流与海洋中溢油的治理。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、采摘干燥:采摘新鲜成熟的水葫芦茎球,洗净后晒干水分,再置于60℃烘箱中烘干10~20h,使水葫芦茎球干燥至黄褐色;
S2、碳化:将经步骤S1烘干后的水葫芦,在N2氛围下热处理碳化,碳化前 N2置换操作重复三次,在无氧N2氛围下以3~10℃/min的升温速率至400~ 800℃,保持此温度1~5h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭。
进一步地,在S2中,碳化处理的设备为管式真空炉;得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭的密度为0.03~0.1kg/m3。
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用。
进一步地,在无水乙醇吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对无水乙醇的吸附量大于25倍。
进一步地,在植物油吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对植物油的吸附量大于84倍。
进一步地,在原油吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对原油的吸附量大于16倍。
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的应用方法,将有机溶剂盛装于试管中,并称得有机溶剂与试管的总质量M1;取水葫芦多孔块体生物炭,称取其质量M2;将水葫芦多孔块体生物炭放置于装有有机溶剂的试管内,生物炭直接放置于液面上,不做下压处置;水葫芦多孔块体生物炭的密度小于有机溶剂的密度,会浮于液面上,并随着有机溶剂吸附到生物炭孔洞中,接着生物炭会逐渐下沉;5~10min 后,水葫芦多孔块体生物炭逐渐稳定,不再下沉,或直接沉底;取出生物炭,再称量余下有机溶剂与试管的质量M3;计算吸附的有机溶剂质量M=M1–M3,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭吸附有机溶剂与自身重量比,即单位吸附量为S=M/M2。
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是:
1、本发明充分利用水葫芦茎球的自身大量孔洞的特性,制备出高孔体积的多孔块体化生物炭;
2、本发明制备的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭具有超低的密度,密度低于0.05 kg/m3,便于在机溶剂吸附中的应用;
3、本发明得到的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对有机溶剂的吸附容量高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
实施例1:一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、采摘干燥:采摘新鲜成熟的水葫芦茎球,洗净后晒干水分,再置于60℃烘箱中烘干12h,使水葫芦茎球干燥至黄褐色;
S2、碳化:将经步骤S1烘干后的水葫芦,在管式真空炉内N2氛围下热处理碳化,自然空气氛围下以10℃/min的升温速率至300℃,保持此温度2h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到水葫芦多孔块体生物炭,得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭的密度为0.03~0.1kg/m3。
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在无水乙醇高容量吸附中的应用:将300℃碳化2h的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭用于无水乙醇的吸附,0.22g水葫芦生物炭球吸附无水乙醇2.78g,吸附量为12.6g/g。
实施例2:一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、采摘干燥:采摘新鲜成熟的水葫芦茎球,洗净后晒干水分,再置于60℃烘箱中烘干12h,使水葫芦茎球干燥至黄褐色;
S2、碳化:将经步骤S1烘干后的水葫芦,在管式真空炉内N2氛围下热处理碳化,自然空气氛围下以10℃/min的升温速率至400℃,保持此温度2h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到水葫芦多孔块体生物炭,得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭的密度为0.03~0.1kg/m3。
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用:将400℃碳化2h的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭用于无水乙醇的吸附,0.10g水葫芦生物炭球吸附无水乙醇2.59g,吸附量为25.9g/g;对植物油的吸附量为84.8g /g;对原油的吸附量为16.18g/g。
实施例3:一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、采摘干燥:采摘新鲜成熟的水葫芦茎球,洗净后晒干水分,再置于60℃烘箱中烘干12h,使水葫芦茎球干燥至黄褐色;
S2、碳化:将经步骤S1烘干后的水葫芦,在管式真空炉内N2氛围下热处理碳化,自然空气氛围下以10℃/min的升温速率至800℃,保持此温度2h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到水葫芦多孔块体生物炭,得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭的密度为0.03~0.1kg/m3。
一种水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用:将800℃碳化2h的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭用于无水乙醇的吸附,800℃碳化的水葫芦生物炭强度太低,极容易破碎,乙醇溶液中易散开,不适合有机溶剂的吸附。
上述实施例为本发明主要实验案例,其中以400℃碳化2h的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的性能最佳,具有较低的密度,相对较高的强度,以及高的有机溶剂吸附量。对三种有机溶剂吸附量的不同原因如下:无水乙醇对水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭具有比较强的软化能力,故吸附量较低,说明不是特别适合用于乙醇的吸附;对植物油的吸附量最高,在植物油中稳定性也会更好;原油的粘度较大,因此吸附量相对较低。以上案例说明,水葫芦生多孔块体化生物适合于分子量适中的有机溶剂的吸附。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体技术方案或特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术方案的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (5)
1.水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用,所述水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、采摘干燥:采摘新鲜成熟的水葫芦茎球,洗净后晒干水分,再置于60℃烘箱中烘干10~20h,使水葫芦茎球干燥至黄褐色;
S2、碳化:将经步骤S1烘干后的水葫芦,在N2氛围下热处理碳化,碳化前N2置换操作重复三次,在无氧N2氛围下以3~10℃/min的升温速率至400~800℃,保持此温度1~5h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭,水葫芦多孔结构块体生物炭的密度为0.03~0.1kg/m3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用,其特征在于:在无水乙醇吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对无水乙醇的吸附量大于25倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用,其特征在于:在植物油吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对植物油的吸附量大于84倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用,其特征在于:在原油吸附中的应用,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭对原油的吸附量大于16倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭在有机溶剂高容量吸附中的应用方法,其特征在于:将有机溶剂盛装于试管中,并称得有机溶剂与试管的总质量M1;取水葫芦多孔块体生物炭,称取其质量M2;将水葫芦多孔块体生物炭放置于装有有机溶剂的试管内,生物炭直接放置于液面上,不做下压处置;水葫芦多孔块体生物炭的密度小于有机溶剂的密度,会浮于液面上,并随着有机溶剂吸附到生物炭孔洞中,接着生物炭会逐渐下沉;5~10min后,水葫芦多孔块体生物炭逐渐稳定,不再下沉,或直接沉底;取出生物炭,再称量余下有机溶剂与试管的质量M3;计算吸附的有机溶剂质量M=M1–M3,水葫芦多孔块体化生物炭吸附有机溶剂与自身重量比,即单位吸附量为S=M/M2。
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