CN114800768A - Artificial fish reef building method based on cement-based 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Artificial fish reef building method based on cement-based 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN114800768A CN114800768A CN202210273579.3A CN202210273579A CN114800768A CN 114800768 A CN114800768 A CN 114800768A CN 202210273579 A CN202210273579 A CN 202210273579A CN 114800768 A CN114800768 A CN 114800768A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/77—Artificial fishing banks or reefs of monolithic form, e.g. blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial fish reef building method based on a cement-based 3D printing technology, and relates to the technical field of artificial fish reef building methods. The invention comprises material selection, artificial fish reef shape and construction process, wherein the material selection is to select cement-based material as the monomer of the artificial fish reef, the artificial fish reef is in the shape of a box-type reef body, a frame-type reef body and a trapezoid reef body, and the construction process comprises the following steps: modeling: and establishing a model by using modeling software such as 3Dmax and the like through a computer, and combining the information of each layer with the basic parameters of the 3D printer to generate a code which can be recognized by the printer. Compared with the construction cost of the traditional cement-based material, the construction cost of the 3D printing prefabrication technology of the cement-based material is saved by 21.37%, meanwhile, as the cement-based material is developed rapidly, and the regenerated and environment-friendly low-cost cement-based material can be applied to the 3D printing technology, the popularization and the promotion of the printing equipment can further save the construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial fish reef building methods, and particularly relates to an artificial fish reef building method based on a cement-based 3D printing technology.
Background
The artificial fish reef is an artificial structure arranged on the sea bottom, is originally built for military purposes, such as blocking ports or trapping enemy ships, and is gradually found to have the function of providing habitat for marine organisms, so that the artificial fish reef built at present is mainly used for increasing value fishery resources and protecting biodiversity, and marine organism community monitoring research shows that the complexity of the artificial fish reef is favorable for the group abundance of benthic fish, and the design complexity of the artificial fish reef is very important. Among many building materials, cement-based materials have long been considered as the most economical and ecological artificial fish reef materials. However, the traditional concrete engineering construction method is limited by the template, and is difficult to realize reef-shaped construction with complex shapes, and the increasingly popular cement-based 3D printing technology provides a new idea for solving the problem, so that the improvement is carried out, and the artificial fish reef construction method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial fish reef building method based on a cement-based 3D printing technology, which solves the existing problems: the traditional concrete engineering construction method is limited by the template, and the reef-shaped construction with complex shape is difficult to realize.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an artificial fish reef building method based on a cement-based 3D printing technology, which comprises materials selection, artificial fish reef shape and a construction process, wherein the materials selection is to select a cement-based material as a monomer of the artificial fish reef.
Furthermore, the artificial fish reef is in the shape of a box-type reef, a frame-type reef and a trapezoidal reef.
Further, the construction process comprises the following steps:
modeling: establishing a model by using modeling software such as 3Dmax and the like through a computer, and combining information of each layer with basic parameters of a 3D printer to generate a code which can be recognized by the printer;
and driving a printer to print and form layer by layer from bottom to top according to the built model.
Further, the width of the printed line and the printing speed need to be determined before printing.
Further, the process parameters of the advancing speed and the discharging speed of the printing nozzle are set according to the structural parameters and the material characteristics measured through experiments.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the construction cost of the traditional cement-based material, the construction cost of the 3D printing prefabrication technology of the cement-based material is saved by 21.37%, meanwhile, as the cement-based material is developed rapidly, and the regenerated and environment-friendly low-cost cement-based material can be applied to the 3D printing technology, the popularization and the promotion of the printing equipment can further save the construction cost.
2. Compared with the traditional cement-based material construction engineering, the construction site personnel of the cement-based material 3D printing technology are reduced by 42.5%, and the labor cost is reduced by times. At present, the situation of population aging is increasingly intensified, so that the situation is undoubtedly a huge impact on the building industry, the 3D printing technology of the cement-based materials is like an industrial revolution, and the current situation that a large number of workers are intensive on a construction site is changed.
3. In the traditional cement-based material construction technology, the design, prefabrication, erection, dismantling and cleaning processes of the template cannot be avoided, a large amount of personnel and time are needed particularly in the construction of special-shaped blocks, the turnover of the template also needs to be strictly designed, the 3D printing technology perfectly avoids the defect, the engineering progress is shortened by 26%, and the maintenance time is greatly reduced compared with the traditional cement-based material. In the engineering construction process, the earlier the engineering is put into use, the quicker the economic benefit is effective, and the 3D printing technology has a great effect in the temporary housing using process of epidemic situation prevention and control.
4. In the current traditional engineering construction, resource waste and various harmful gases are inevitably generated, the construction site is always full of dust, the dust is discharged for a long time, the environment is polluted, and the harm is also generated to the health of constructors. And 3D printing technique can come the strict control material quantity through calculating, and the maximize is avoided extravagantly, and printing apparatus circular telegram work, the job site is clean, and the noise of production also can reduce by a wide margin, is a green, sustainable construction method.
5. The 3D printing of the cement-based material provides a promising technology for actual engineering construction, saves a large amount of building materials, saves the cost, shortens the construction period, and reduces the labor intensity
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a 3D printing model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a print workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cost composition diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a model of a monomeric abalone reef of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an artificial fish reef prefabrication site according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of an abalone reef printing path according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comprehensive unit price comparison chart of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the cost structure of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a construction progress diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the invention relates to an artificial fish reef construction method based on a cement-based 3D printing technology, which comprises material selection, artificial fish reef shape and construction process, wherein the material selection is to select cement-based materials as the monomers of the artificial fish reef, the artificial fish reef has firm structure and high strength, is suitable for the natural environment of sea area, has lower cost than steel-made fish reefs, the pH value of common cement-based materials is greater than 7, is alkalescent, and is suitable for being made into the artificial fish reef to be placed in the sea, the 3D-printed cement-based materials are extruded through a printing nozzle and need to have better fluidity, so coarse aggregates such as stones are not adopted in the mix proportion, in order to ensure that the 3D-based materials are printed in the lamination process, the lower-layer cement-based materials cannot deform due to the gravity and extrusion of the upper-layer cement, and trace fibers, admixtures and additives are required to make the cement-based materials have sufficient strength and suitable setting time, the deformation and even collapse can be avoided in the printing process, the influence on the pH value of the cement-based material is small in the process, and the method is suitable for use.
The artificial fish reef is in the shape of a box-type reef, a frame-type reef and a trapezoid reef, and at present, the existing artificial fish reefs mainly comprise 5 types, namely the box-type reef, the frame-type reef, the triangle reef, the trapezoid reef and the special-shaped reef. To 3D printing technique, not all shapes of reefs can both not add the support and just can print, to cantilever structure and hollow out construction, all need add the support just can print. Present 3D printing technique can once print fashioned reef model and see the following figure, the important role of artificial fish reef as marine ranch, can provide good attachment point for various marine organisms, it is an important index of measurationing of artificial fish reef effect aassessment, 3D printing technique comprises a root line, it is rough to print fashioned artificial fish reef surface, be more favorable to the adhesion of marine microorganism, attract marine fish, form the marine ecosystem of a single chain system, the realization ocean appreciation of rapider.
The construction process comprises the following steps:
modeling: establishing a model by using modeling software such as 3Dmax and the like through a computer, and combining each layer of information with basic parameters of a 3D printer to generate a code which can be recognized by the printer;
the printer is driven to print and form layer by layer from bottom to top according to the established model, and in the printing process, the printing speed and the printing quality can be influenced by the selection and optimization of the printing path.
The width and the printing speed of printing the lines need to be determined before printing, the printing speed is too fast, the lines are too thick, line breakage or instability damage can occur, structural parameters and material characteristics are determined according to experiments, the advancing speed and the discharging speed technological parameters of a printing nozzle are set, and therefore printing is stable, smooth, efficient and fast.
The first embodiment is as follows: analysis of economics
(1) Productivity of production
The artificial fish reef is generally complex in modeling, and when the artificial fish reef is prefabricated by using a traditional cement-based material technology, the design, the manufacture, the installation and the disassembly of the template are indispensable parts, so that more time is consumed, and the shutdown can be caused when the template is not cleaned in time or has not been circulated in time. The cement-based material 3D printing technology is a mould-free forming technology, the prefabrication process is simple, template engineering is avoided, the problem of reserved holes is not needed to be considered, vibration is not needed, and the method is more rapid in the process of prefabricating the artificial fish reef. After the traditional cement-based material is poured, the formwork is maintained for 1-2 days, and the concrete can be used after being maintained for 28 days after the formwork is removed, so that the economic benefit is slow to take effect. And during the cement-based material 3D printing prefabrication process, the cement-based material can be lifted after printing is finished, and is directly put into the sea for maintenance, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Compared with the traditional cement-based material technology, the cement-based material 3D printing technology has the advantages that the construction process is simpler and quicker, and the specific printing work flow is shown in the following diagram.
Productivity can be calculated from the formula P ═ I/Q, according to which productivity is measured at the activity level according to cost and time. Wherein P is productivity and I isTotal cost (i.e., labor, materials, and equipment), time is total man hours, and Q is engineering volume (e.g., cubic meters of concrete). Thus, a reduction in cost or time per unit number of projects indicates an increase in productivity. The cost of constructing a wall using C40 concrete for the camile Holt is compared to the conventional 3D printing technique, as shown in table 1. From the data in the table, it can be calculated that the total cost of traditionally constructing a wall is $ 186000, and the total amount of work is 150m 3 The production rate is $ 1240/m 3 The total cost of 3D printing and building a wall is $ 40500, and the total engineering quantity is 150m 3 Production rate of $ 270/m 3 It can be found that every 1m 3 The cost of (a) is reduced by $ 970, indicating a significant increase in productivity.
TABLE 13D Cement-based materials mix proportions (C40)
(2) Cost structure
The cost of the engineering occupies the main position of manpower, materials and mechanical equipment. In the traditional cement-based material prefabricating process, a large amount of labor is needed in template engineering and cement-based material engineering, the personnel management difficulty is increased, and the construction site is easily disordered. And cement-based material 3D prints the process and need hardly artifically, only need several printer operating personnel just can accomplish to print, the job site can not have a large amount of workman, so the cost of labor will significantly reduce, but 3D prints the in-process and has higher requirement to the quality of operator, and average salary level will be higher than the prefabricated artifical average salary of traditional cement-based material. According to the existing cases, compared with the traditional cement-based material technology, the 3D printing technology of the cement-based material has the advantage that the number of constructors is reduced by about 50%.
The popularity of the cement-based material 3D printing technology is still in a continuous development stage at present, one of the main reasons is that the price of the printing equipment is expensive, the performance needs to be further improved, and in the construction process, a plurality of printing equipment may be required to work simultaneously to meet the requirement of high productivity. As the popularity of printing devices increases, the mechanical price of printing devices will further decrease.
In the 3D printing technology, the requirement on the performance of the cement-based material is high, and a trace amount of additive needs to be added to ensure that the cement-based material has enough plastic yield strength and proper setting time, so that the cement-based material cannot deform or even collapse in the printing process, and the material cost is increased in proportion to the cost of the common cement-based material. According to the current market price, taking the C30 cement-based material prefabricated frame-shaped fish reef as an example, the cost of the cement-based material 3D printing technology prefabricated artificial fish reef and the cost of the traditional cement-based material prefabricated artificial fish reef form the following chart.
(3) Economic benefits
With the development of 3D printing prefabrication technology, the productivity can be greatly improved, in the actual engineering construction, the earlier the building is put into use, the quicker the economic benefit is obtained, and meanwhile, various technologies related to the building can be further improved. Firstly, the number of low-tech workers is reduced, which is beneficial to increasing the number of high-tech professional workers; secondly, in order to further reduce the cost, the corresponding more environment-friendly recycled cement-based material can also be applied to the 3D printing technology; finally, in order to make the printing equipment work more smoothly, higher requirements are correspondingly put forward on BIM and other related modeling software. And (3) ecological effect analysis:
with the continuous development of social productivity, people pursue economic benefits and pay more and more attention to environmental requirements of life, and the influence of the building industry on the environment accounts for a high proportion, for example: the method has the advantages that the energy consumption, the generation of solid wastes, the emission of polluted gas and the like are reduced, so that a novel environment-friendly construction method is urgently needed, the construction procedure is simplified by the cement-based material 3D printing technology, the manpower and mechanical investment is greatly reduced compared with the traditional cement-based material technology, the construction site is clean and tidy, the construction environment is civilized and safe, the wet operation is less, the dust and noise pollution is correspondingly reduced, the emission of pollutants and the generation of construction wastes are reduced in the construction process, the construction technology is a clean, environment-friendly, green and efficient construction technology with great potential, and the green and sustainable development concept advocated by the current society is met.
Example two: engineering case analysis
1. Project overview and budgeting basis
In order to improve fishery resources near the small flat island, 10000 abalone reefs with the size of 2.2 x 1 x 1.8m need to be prefabricated, triangular attachment points are arranged every 200mm, 4 circular holes with the radius of 180mm are reserved in the middle, and a specific model is shown in the figure. And (3) dividing and compiling the project according to the 'water transport engineering quantity bill pricing specification' (2020), applying the 'harbor hydraulic construction engineering quota' (2020) to the quota index, not adjusting the price, and calculating other fees and rates according to the fee taking standard of Liaoning province. The printing equipment is the 3D printer that has the arm, and market price is 80 ten thousand yuan, and according to the national standard, the minimum depreciation life of machine is ten years. According to statistics, the monthly working time of the equipment is about 25 days, and the amortization cost of the equipment per working day is 253.33 yuan.
2. Construction scheme
The strength of the cement-based 3D printing material is C40, the setting time is controlled by adopting an early-strength material, the tensile property of the material is enhanced by polypropylene fibers, the shrinkage rate in the printing process is reduced by adding fly ash, and the specific mixing ratio is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 23D Cement-based materials mix proportions (C40)
The cement-based material 3D prints artifical fish reef prefabricated field and is the rectangle, and outmost be the construction road for artifical fish reef lifts by crane, and equipment access and feedstock channel are reserved to the centre, and prefabricated district adopts horizontal down, and the height of crouching down is 0.75m, and 1 printer is placed every 24m in equipment district, clockwise printing in proper order, after 8 are accomplished in printing, anticlockwise printing in proper order, see the following figure in prefabricated field.
According to a design drawing and a reserved hole design printing flow, a printing path is selected and optimized through translation, rotation and lifting, a printing nozzle with the diameter of 40mm is adopted for printing, the printing speed is 10m/min, and the printing path of the design model is shown in the following drawing.
3. Cost calculation
The volume of a single artificial reef can be calculated from a design drawing and is 3.013m 3 The total work load is 30130m 3 (ii) a The 10 printers calculate according to the printing rate, and each printer can print 0.754m per hour 3 . Since the printing apparatus can work efficiently and continuously, the day is divided into two construction groups, the first construction group is 6: 00-16: 00, the second construction group is 17: 00-3: 00, removing inevitable time loss caused by movement of printing equipment and the like, namely that each printer can print 5 artificial fish reefs every day, 50 artificial fish reefs can be printed totally, and 10000 prefabrication needs to be finished in 200 days.
According to the engineering construction drawing and the budget planning description, various expense detailed tables are respectively compiled, and all the prices are shown in tables 3-5 according to the current price and the expense rate standard of Liaoning province.
TABLE 33D PRINTING MANPOWER FEEDING SCHEME (/ team)
TABLE 43D printing machine expense List
TABLE 53D printing Material expense List
Calculated from the above table, 1m per preform 3 The artificial fish reef has the labor cost of 69.70 yuan and the machinery cost of 163.45 yuanYuan, the material fee is 498.73 Yuan, the other direct fee is 17.32 Yuan, the indirect fee is direct fee multiplied by indirect fee rate 54.08 Yuan, the profit is (direct fee + indirect fee) multiplied by profit rate 41.33 Yuan, the comprehensive unit price is 825.28 Yuan, the comprehensive price is 825.28 multiplied by 30130 is 24865686.4 Yuan, and the specific calculation result is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 comprehensive Unit price calculation Table (/ m) 3 )
4. Comparative analysis
For the 3D printing technology of the cement-based material, the total labor cost is obviously lower than that of the traditional cement-based material prefabrication technology. Through the comparison of the two construction methods, the comparison of the personnel in the construction site is shown in the table 7, and the number of the template workers accounts for about 32 percent of the number of the construction workers in the traditional prefabrication process. Every 1m 3 The labor cost in the cement-based material prefabricating process is saved by 224.28 yuan, the labor cost in the whole construction stage is saved by 67566351.2 yuan, and the prefabricating cost is greatly controlled.
TABLE 7 job site personnel comparison
From the analysis of the total cost, the prefabrication cost of the traditional cement-based material manufacturing technology is 21.37% higher than that of the cement-based material 3D printing technology, and in the 3D printing technology, the cost of machinery and materials is further reduced along with the development of the technology. According to the production rate calculation formula, the ratio of the total cost to the total engineering quantity is the production rate, the production rate of the cement-based material 3D printing artificial fish reef is 825.28 yuan, the production rate of the traditional cement-based material prefabricated artificial fish reef is 1049.52 yuan, the cost of each unit of engineering quantity is reduced by 224.28 yuan, the production rate is remarkably improved, the comprehensive unit price is compared with the unit price shown in the figure, and the comprehensive price comparison is shown in the table 8.
TABLE 8 comparison of composite tariffs
| Tradition of | 3D | Difference amount | |
| Amount of work | 30130 | 30130 | |
| Combined unit price | 1049.52 | 825.28 | 224.28 |
| Comprehensive sum | 31622037.6 | 24865686.4 | 67566351.2 |
The 3D printing technology has significantly changed in overall cost composition compared to traditional cement-based material prefabrication technologies. In the traditional cement-based material prefabrication technology, labor cost accounts for 16.72% of the total cost, while in the 3D printing technology, the labor cost is reduced to 8.45%, but the mechanical cost is increased to 24.72% from the traditional 15.57%. The specific cost components are shown in the following figure.
Among two kinds of construction techniques, 3D printing technique one shot forming, it is fast, efficient. According to the formulated construction organization plan, the construction period of the traditional cement-based material is about 300 days from the leveling of the field to the acceptance completion, and the 3D printing technology of the cement-based material greatly shortens the construction period by about 26 percent in advance of the traditional cement-based material manufacturing technology because a template project is omitted. Specific schedule comparison is shown in the following figure.
One specific application of this embodiment is: selecting a cement-based material as a single body of the artificial fish reef, wherein the artificial fish reef is in the shape of a box-type reef body, a frame-type reef body and a trapezoid reef body, establishing a model by using modeling software such as 3Dmax and the like through a computer, combining information of each layer with basic parameters of a 3D printer to generate a code which can be identified by the printer, and driving the printer to print and form layer by layer from bottom to top according to the established model.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The artificial fish reef building method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology comprises material selection, artificial fish reef shape and construction technology, and is characterized in that: the material selection is to select a cement-based material as a monomer of the artificial fish reef.
2. The artificial fish reef construction method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the artificial fish reef is in the shape of a box-type reef, a frame-type reef and a trapezoidal reef.
3. The artificial fish reef construction method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the construction process comprises the following steps:
modeling: establishing a model by using modeling software such as 3Dmax and the like through a computer, and combining each layer of information with basic parameters of a 3D printer to generate a code which can be recognized by the printer;
and driving a printer to print and form layer by layer from bottom to top according to the built model.
4. The artificial fish reef construction method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the printed line and the printing speed need to be determined before printing.
5. The artificial fish reef construction method based on the cement-based 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and determining structural parameters and material characteristics according to experiments, and setting process parameters of the advancing speed and the discharging speed of the printing nozzle.
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