CN114799483A - Cooling method after friction stir welding - Google Patents
Cooling method after friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799483A CN114799483A CN202210563195.5A CN202210563195A CN114799483A CN 114799483 A CN114799483 A CN 114799483A CN 202210563195 A CN202210563195 A CN 202210563195A CN 114799483 A CN114799483 A CN 114799483A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling method after friction stir welding, which comprises the following steps: s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together; s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing; s3, carrying out friction stir welding; s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling; s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to be below 200 ℃; and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding. The method of the invention weakens the heat softening effect of the joint, refines the crystal grains of the welded joint and forms compact ultra-fine crystal grain structure; the growth and even the redissolution of a precipitated phase are inhibited, so that the dispersion strengthening effect of a welding line is improved, and the mechanical property is improved; the temperature difference at each part of the welding line is balanced, the generation of thermal stress is reduced, the residual stress after welding is improved, and the strength distribution is uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a cooling method after friction stir welding.
Background
Friction stir welding is characterized in that a welded material is locally softened by heat generated by friction between a stirring head rotating at a high speed and a workpiece, and when the stirring head moves forwards along a welding interface, a plasticized material flows from the front part to the rear part of the stirring head under the action of the rotating friction force of the stirring head and forms a compact solid-phase welding seam under the extrusion of the stirring head.
Although the heat input quantity in the welding process of the friction stir welding does not cause the melting of the material, the welding joint has obvious heat softening effect because a large quantity of friction heat and plastic deformation heat are generated in the welding process, wherein the structure of a heat affected zone has coarsening and even dissolution of a strengthening phase, and the pinning effect on dislocation is greatly reduced. The crystal grains in the welding nucleus area are dynamically recrystallized through severe plastic deformation, and the size of a large number of equiaxed crystals directly determines the strength of the area. The recrystallized grain size is mainly determined by the strain rate and the recrystallization temperature, and the highest strength of the obtained high-strength aluminum alloy welded joint is only about 80% of the strength of the parent metal by controlling welding parameters. Because no measures are taken to effectively control the temperature in the stirring friction welding process, the crystal grains at the welding seam are relatively coarse, and the stress concentration phenomenon is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cooling method after friction stir welding, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cooling method after friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to be below 200 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
Preferably, in the step S4, when cooling is performed, air-blowing cooling, water-mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, or cooling using a cooling liquid is performed.
Preferably, when the welding tool is fixed, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the rim device is tested in the S2, so that the rim device is ensured not to shake.
Preferably, when the welding tool is fixed, the welding tool is additionally provided with a dust and gas negative pressure suction device in the S2 process, and the dust and gas is removed by negative pressure during welding.
Preferably, in the step S3, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding speed of friction stir welding is controlled to be 300-.
Preferably, in S6, after the welding is completed, the welding seam is first ground by a grinding wheel, and then ground by a sand paper.
Preferably, the step S6 is to detect whether the weld seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects, and incomplete penetration defects after the welding is completed.
Preferably, in S4, when cooling is performed with the coolant, the coolant is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, a rust inhibitor, a mildew inhibitor, and a pH adjuster, and after cooling with the coolant, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cooling method after friction stir welding, which effectively controls the temperature in the friction stir welding process, reduces the softening range and the softening degree of a thermal influence area of a friction stir welding joint, controls the size of recrystallized grains in a welding nucleus area, and improves the performance of the joint. The influence of post-welding cooling on the mechanical property and the microstructure of the aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint is caused by the influence of a welding temperature field. After welding, cooling to quickly reduce the temperature of a nugget area to be below the recrystallization temperature to obtain a large amount of superfine crystals, and simultaneously effectively inhibiting coarsening and even redissolution of a strengthening phase of a heat affected zone to obtain a uniform microstructure, so that the tensile strength, the hardness and the fatigue strength of the joint are improved;
the method weakens the heat softening effect of the joint, refines the crystal grains of the welded joint and forms a compact ultrafine crystal grain structure; the growth and even the redissolution of a precipitated phase are inhibited, so that the dispersion strengthening effect of a welding line is improved, and the mechanical property is improved; the temperature difference at each part of the welding line is balanced, the generation of thermal stress is reduced, the residual stress after welding is improved, and the strength distribution is uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the welding of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a cooling method after friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to 180 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
Wherein, in the step S4, cooling is performed by air blowing, water mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling or cooling using a cooling liquid.
When the welding tool is fixed in the S2 middle wheel ring device, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the wheel ring device is tested, and the wheel ring device is guaranteed not to shake.
When the S2 middle wheel ring device is fixed by a welding tool, a dust air negative pressure suction device is additionally arranged on the welding tool, and negative pressure removal is carried out on dust air during welding.
Wherein, in the step S3, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding speed of friction welding is controlled to be 300mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1800rpm, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm.
And S6, after welding, firstly, grinding the welding line by using a grinding wheel, and then, grinding by using sand paper.
And S6, detecting whether the welding seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects and incomplete penetration defects after welding.
When cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid in S4, the selected cooling liquid is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, a rust inhibitor, a mildew preventive, and a pH regulator, and after cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
The invention provides a cooling method after friction stir welding, which effectively controls the temperature in the friction stir welding process, reduces the softening range and the softening degree of a thermal influence area of a friction stir welding joint, controls the size of recrystallized grains in a welding nucleus area, and improves the performance of the joint. The influence of post-welding cooling on the mechanical property and the microstructure of the aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint is caused by the influence of a welding temperature field. After welding, cooling to quickly reduce the temperature of a nugget area to be below the recrystallization temperature to obtain a large amount of superfine crystals, and simultaneously effectively inhibiting coarsening and even redissolution of a strengthening phase of a heat affected zone to obtain a uniform microstructure, so that the tensile strength, the hardness and the fatigue strength of the joint are improved;
the method of the invention weakens the heat softening effect of the joint, refines the crystal grains of the welded joint and forms a compact ultrafine crystal grain structure; the growth and even the redissolution of a precipitated phase are inhibited, so that the dispersion strengthening effect of a welding line is improved, and the mechanical property is improved; the temperature difference at each part of the welding line is balanced, the generation of thermal stress is reduced, the residual stress after welding is improved, and the strength distribution is uniform.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a cooling method after friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to 165 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
Wherein, in the step S4, cooling is performed by air blowing, water mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling or cooling using a cooling liquid.
When the welding tool is fixed in the S2 middle wheel ring device, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the wheel ring device is tested, and the fact that the wheel ring device does not shake is guaranteed.
When the S2 middle wheel ring device is fixed by a welding tool, a dust air negative pressure suction device is additionally arranged on the welding tool, and negative pressure removal is carried out on dust air during welding.
Wherein, in the step S3, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding speed of friction welding is controlled to be 400mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 2500rpm, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is controlled to be 0.4 mm.
And S6, after welding, firstly, grinding the welding line by using a grinding wheel, and then, grinding by using sand paper.
And S6, after welding, detecting whether the welding seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects and incomplete penetration defects.
When cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid in S4, the selected cooling liquid is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, a rust inhibitor, a mildew preventive, and a pH regulator, and after cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a cooling method after friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to 172 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
Wherein, in the step S4, cooling is performed by air blowing, water mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling or cooling using a cooling liquid.
When the welding tool is fixed in the S2 middle wheel ring device, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the wheel ring device is tested, and the fact that the wheel ring device does not shake is guaranteed.
When the S2 middle wheel ring device is fixed by a welding tool, a dust air negative pressure suction device is additionally arranged on the welding tool, and negative pressure removal is carried out on dust air during welding.
In the step S3, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding speed of friction welding is controlled to be 350mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head is controlled to be 2000rpm, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is controlled to be 0.3 mm.
And S6, after welding, firstly, flattening the welding seam by using a grinding wheel, and then, grinding by using sand paper.
And S6, detecting whether the welding seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects and incomplete penetration defects after welding.
When cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid in S4, the selected cooling liquid is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, a rust inhibitor, a mildew preventive, and a pH regulator, and after cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a cooling method after friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welded weld bead, and continuously welding the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to 155 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
Wherein, in the step S4, cooling is performed by air blowing, water mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling or cooling using a cooling liquid.
When the welding tool is fixed in the S2 middle wheel ring device, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the wheel ring device is tested, and the fact that the wheel ring device does not shake is guaranteed.
When the S2 middle wheel ring device is fixed by a welding tool, a dust air negative pressure suction device is additionally arranged on the welding tool, and negative pressure removal is carried out on dust air during welding.
In the step S3, when friction stir welding is performed, the welding speed of friction welding is controlled to be 370mm/min, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 2300rpm, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder is 0.4 mm.
And S6, after welding, firstly, flattening the welding seam by using a grinding wheel, and then, grinding by using sand paper.
And S6, after welding, detecting whether the welding seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects and incomplete penetration defects.
When cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid in S4, the selected cooling liquid is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, an antirust agent, a mildew preventive, and a pH regulator, and after cooling by using the cooling liquid, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A cooling method after friction stir welding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assembling a pre-welded disk surface and a tire ring together;
s2, moving the assembled rim device to a welding tool for fixing;
s3, carrying out friction stir welding;
s4, immediately cooling the welding bead position after welding, and continuing to weld the stirring head forwards while cooling;
s5, reducing the surface temperature of the welding position to be below 200 ℃;
and S6, completing welding and cooling after welding.
2. The friction stir welding post cooling method of claim 1 wherein: in the step S4, cooling is performed by air blowing, water mist cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, or cooling using a cooling liquid.
3. The friction stir welding post cooling method of claim 1 wherein: and when the welding tool is fixed, the clamping degree of the welding tool to the rim device is tested, so that the rim device is ensured not to shake in the S2 process.
4. The friction stir welding post cooling method of claim 1 wherein: when the S2 middle wheel ring device is fixed on a welding tool, a dust air negative pressure suction device is additionally arranged on the welding tool, and negative pressure removal is carried out on dust air during welding.
5. The friction stir welding post cooling method of claim 1 wherein: in the step S3, when friction stir welding is carried out, the welding speed of the friction welding is controlled to be 300-.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the post-stir welding comprises: and S6, after welding, firstly, grinding the weld joint by using a grinding wheel, and then, grinding by using sand paper.
7. The friction stir welding post cooling method of claim 1 wherein: and S6, after welding, detecting whether the welding seam has flash defects, surface groove defects, tunnel defects and incomplete penetration defects.
8. A friction stir welding post cooling method as defined in claim 2 wherein: when cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid in the step S4, the selected cooling liquid is a mixture of ethylene glycol, glycerin, a rust inhibitor, a mildew preventive and a pH regulator, and after cooling is performed by using the cooling liquid, the weld joint is cleaned and dried.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210563195.5A CN114799483A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Cooling method after friction stir welding |
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| CN202210563195.5A CN114799483A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Cooling method after friction stir welding |
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- 2022-05-19 CN CN202210563195.5A patent/CN114799483A/en active Pending
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