CN102528268A - Friction stir welding process for enhancing mechanical property of joint - Google Patents
Friction stir welding process for enhancing mechanical property of joint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal material welding, and particularly provides a friction stir welding process for enhancing the mechanical property of a joint. The friction stir welding process is applicable to welding for metal materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, steel and the like, and solves the problems that heat generated in a weld nugget is difficult in rapid transmission, annealing and softening functions of an HAZ (heat affected zone) are obvious, and the like. A stirring head with a small-size shaft shoulder is used for welding with low heat input friction stir welding parameters, welding lines are rapidly cooled by high-pressure flow cooling media during welding, and the friction stir welding joint with an excellent performance is obtained. The friction stir welding process can be used for obviously enhancing the mechanical property of the welding joint, and is particularly applicable to welding for precipitation strengthened, machined and hardened on-ferrous metal materials and steel materials.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the Metal Material Welding field, a kind of stirring friction-welding technique that strengthens joint mechanical property is provided especially, be applicable to metal materials such as welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, iron and steel.
Background technology:
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a kind of Solid-phase welding technology of Britain's institute of welding in invention in 1991.Because advantages such as FSW has capacity usage ratio height, environmental friendliness, weld defect is few, weld residual stress is little; Its joint performance improves a lot than melting; After invention, receive extensive concern, obtained increasingly extensive application in fields such as Aero-Space, vehicle, boats and ships.Yet, although FSW greatly reduces the sweating heat input quantity, for the FSW joint; Especially to heat treatment reinforcement alloy or work hardening attitude alloy, behind the FSW, because heat affected area (HAZ) takes place significantly to soften; Fracture occurs in the heat affected area, makes the performance of joint obviously reduce than mother metal.Such as, for FSW fine copper plate (H1/2 attitude), even adopt the FSW parameter than the low-heat input quantity, because the annealing softening of HAZ, the yield strength of FSW joint only has about 100MPa, than mother metal (~250MPa) obviously reduction.For the 6061-T651 aluminium alloy of precipitation strength, the hardening constituent of HAZ dissolves/alligatoring, also makes strength of joint be starkly lower than mother metal.For high melting point metal materialses such as iron and steel, the temperature in the welding process is higher, and this not only needs the protection of inert gas but also makes the annealing softening effect of HAZ more remarkable.In addition, with this understanding, the wearing and tearing of stirring-head are very serious, big limitations its practical applications.
" friction stir welding method in the underwater environment " (Chinese patent publication number: CN 101439439A) show that friction Stir is not retrained by external environment by Harbin Institute of Technology's application; Can realize the water environment welding; Simultaneously water environment center tap performance increase (such as, can bring up to the 343MPa in the water environment by the 320MPa of conventional FSW for 2219 aluminum alloy joints).Yet in this static or accurate static water environment; The heat that weldering nuclear district produces also is difficult to quick transmission; The annealing softening effect of HAZ is still obvious, and for above-mentioned work hardening type, precipitation strength type high-strength copper alloy, aluminium alloy and iron and steel, welding coefficient is still very low.Realize the high-quality friction Stir of this type of material, not only need low heat input also to need fast cooling velocity to come significantly to reduce the annealing softening effect of heat affected area.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of stirring friction-welding technique that strengthens joint mechanical property, solve the heat that weldering nuclear district produces in the prior art and also be difficult to quick transmission, and problem such as the annealing softening effect of HAZ is obvious.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of stirring friction-welding technique that strengthens joint mechanical property; Process is following: with the stirring-head of the small size shaft shoulder; To weld than the friction Stir parameter of low-heat input; In welding process, cool off weld seam fast, obtain the friction stir welding joint of excellent performance with the high-pressure flow cooling medium;
8~14 millimeters of used soldering appliance shaft shoulder diameters, friction Stir parameter: 400~800 rev/mins of soldering appliance rotating speeds, gait of march 50~200 mm/min.
The stirring friction-welding technique of described enhancing joint mechanical property; Cool off weld seam fast with the high-pressure flow cooling medium in the welding process; The cooling medium of selecting for use is low-temperature cooling medias such as water, mixture of ice and water, dry ice carbinol mixture or liquid nitrogen and alcohol mixture; Make coolant temperature in ℃ scope of room temperature~-50, the pressure of high-pressure flow cooling medium is 0.4-0.6MPa.
The stirring friction-welding technique of described enhancing joint mechanical property; With the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure; The high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
The stirring friction-welding technique of described enhancing joint mechanical property, stirring friction-welding technique is used for metal material: the welding of aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy or iron and steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the invention provides a kind of stirring friction-welding technique that strengthens joint mechanical property; Stirring-head with the small size shaft shoulder; To weld than friction Stir (FSW) parameter of low-heat input; In welding process, cool off weld seam fast, reduce weldering nuclear and heat affected area (HAZ) temperature greatly, obtain the friction stir welding joint of excellent performance with the high-pressure flow cooling medium.
2, the present invention strengthens in the stirring friction-welding technique of joint mechanical property; The cooling medium of selecting for use in the welding process can have low-temperature cooling medias such as water, mixture of ice and water, dry ice carbinol mixture and liquid nitrogen and alcohol mixture; The high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed and moves with stirring-head, and shower nozzle is aimed at the rear side (being that weld seam forms the district) of stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel.8~14 millimeters of used soldering appliance shaft shoulder diameters, 400~800 rev/mins of soldering appliance rotating speeds, gait of march 50~200 mm/min.Compare with conventional friction stir welding method, technology of the present invention obviously improves the mechanical property of welding point, and is simple and practical.During with materials with high melting point such as this kind technology welding iron and steel, not only can improve mechanical property, and cooling medium can replace inert gas protection, avoid oxidation.Stirring-head wearing and tearing simultaneously alleviate, and greatly reduce cost.Therefore, have reason to believe that this new stirring friction-welding technique will have wide prospect in industrial application at high strength non-ferrous metal and ferrous materials welding field.
3, the present invention can obviously improve the mechanical property of welding point, is particularly useful for the welding of precipitation strength type, work hardening attitude nonferrous materials and ferrous materials.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Use the cold rolling attitude of T1 (H) the fine copper sheet material of 3 millimeters thick, yield strength 330MPa.Stirring-head with 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters welds; In welding process with high pressure (in the present embodiment; Pressure is about 0.5MPa) cooling water that flows cools off weld seam fast; Under the soldering appliance rotating speed is respectively 400 and 800 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 50 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Tensile test at room temperature shows that under 400 rev/mins parameter, the yield strength of joint is 320MPa, and is approaching with strength of parent; Under 800 rev/mins parameter, the yield strength of joint is reduced to 280MPa.
In the present embodiment, with the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure, the high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
Comparative example 1
Use the cold rolling attitude of T1 (H) the fine copper sheet material of 3 millimeters thick, yield strength 330MPa.Stirring-head with 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters in air carries out conventional friction Stir, under the instrument rotating speed is respectively 400 and 800 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 50 mm/min, obtains flawless welding point.Tensile test at room temperature shows that under 400 rev/mins parameter, the yield strength of joint is 200MPa; Under 800 rev/mins parameter, the yield strength of joint is reduced to 100MPa, compares obvious reduction with mother metal.
Embodiment 2
Use the cold rolling attitude of T1 (H) the fine copper sheet material of 3 millimeters thick, yield strength 330MPa.Stirring-head with 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters welds; In the welding process with high pressure (in the present embodiment; Pressure is about 0.5MPa) mixture of flow liquid nitrogen and alcohol is (in the present embodiment; Coolant temperature is about-50 ℃) cool off weld seam fast, under the soldering appliance rotating speed is 600 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 50 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Joint does not have obvious heat affected area, and tensile property equates with mother metal, the district's obvious refinement of crystal grain (about 500 nanometers of crystallite dimension) of weldering nuclear.
In the present embodiment, with the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure, the high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
Comparative example 2
Use the cold rolling attitude of T1 (H) the fine copper sheet material of 3 millimeters thick, yield strength 330MPa.Stirring-head with 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters in air carries out conventional friction Stir, under the instrument rotating speed is 600 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 50 mm/min, obtains flawless welding point.The yield strength of joint is reduced to 130MPa, compares obvious reduction with mother metal, about 10 microns of weldering nuclear district crystallite dimension.
Embodiment 3
Use the 6061-T651 and the 7075-T651 rolled plate of 3 millimeters thick; Intensity is respectively 310MPa and 575MPa, weld with the stirring-head of 10 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters, in the welding process with high pressure (in the present embodiment; Pressure is about 0.5MPa) mixture of flow liquid nitrogen and alcohol is (in the present embodiment; Coolant temperature is about-50 ℃) cool off weld seam fast, under the soldering appliance rotating speed is 600 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 200 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Strength of joint is respectively 300MPa and 550MPa, and is approaching with strength of parent.
In the present embodiment, with the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure, the high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
Comparative example 3
Use the 6061-T651 and the 7075-T651 rolled plate of 3 millimeters thick; Intensity is respectively 310MPa and 575MPa; Stirring-head with 16 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters in air carries out conventional friction Stir; Under the instrument rotating speed is 600 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 200 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.The intensity of joint is respectively 180MPa and 410MPa, compares obvious reduction with mother metal.
Embodiment 4
Use the 400MPa level SS400 ultra-fine grain steel board of 2 millimeters thick; Yield strength is 450MPa; About 10 microns of ferrite average grain size welds with the stirring-head of 10 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters, in the welding process with high pressure (in the present embodiment; Pressure is about 0.5MPa) the glacial ice aqueous mixtures is (in the present embodiment; Coolant temperature is 0 ℃) cool off weld seam fast, under the soldering appliance rotating speed is 400 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 50 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Joint intensity in the wrong is suitable with mother metal, does not have obvious heat affected area, about 5 microns of weldering nuclear district ferrite grain size.
In the present embodiment, with the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure, the high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
Comparative example 4
Use 2 millimeters thick 400MPa level SS400 ultra-fine grain low-carbon steel plates; Yield strength is 450MPa, and about 10 microns of ferrite average grain size welds with conventional MAG weldering and plasma arc welding (PAW); The serious alligatoring of heat affected area crystallite dimension; About 200 microns, the about 200MPa of joint yield strength compares obvious reduction with mother metal.
Embodiment 5
Use the high-carbon steel sheet material (phosphorus content 0.8wt%) of 3 millimeters thick; Tissue is mainly ferrite to be formed with a small amount of spheroidite, weld with the stirring-head of 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters, in the welding process with high pressure (in the present embodiment; Pressure is about 0.5MPa) the glacial ice aqueous mixtures is (in the present embodiment; Coolant temperature is 0 ℃) cool off weld seam fast, under the soldering appliance rotating speed is 400 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 100 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Joint microstructure and mother metal are similar, and toughness and mother metal are suitable, and flawless produces.
In the present embodiment, with the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure, the high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
Comparative example 5
Use the high-carbon steel sheet material (phosphorus content 0.8wt%) of 3 millimeters thick; Tissue is mainly ferrite and forms with a small amount of spheroidite; Stirring-head with 14 millimeters of shaft shoulder diameters in air carries out conventional friction Stir; Under the instrument rotating speed is 400 rev/mins, the welding parameter of gait of march 100 mm/min, obtain flawless welding point.Weldering nuclear and HAZ are mainly martensitic structure, and crackle appears in face of weld, compares toughness with mother metal and sharply descends.
Claims (4)
1. stirring friction-welding technique that strengthens joint mechanical property; It is characterized in that process is following: with the stirring-head of the small size shaft shoulder; To weld than the friction Stir parameter of low-heat input; In welding process, cool off weld seam fast, obtain the friction stir welding joint of excellent performance with the high-pressure flow cooling medium;
8~14 millimeters of used soldering appliance shaft shoulder diameters, friction Stir parameter: 400~800 rev/mins of soldering appliance rotating speeds, gait of march 50~200 mm/min.
2. according to the stirring friction-welding technique of the described enhancing joint mechanical property of claim 1; It is characterized in that; Cool off weld seam fast with the high-pressure flow cooling medium in the welding process; The cooling medium of selecting for use is low-temperature cooling medias such as water, mixture of ice and water, dry ice carbinol mixture or liquid nitrogen and alcohol mixture, makes coolant temperature in ℃ scope of room temperature~-50, and the pressure of high-pressure flow cooling medium is 0.4-0.6MPa.
3. according to the stirring friction-welding technique of the described enhancing joint mechanical property of claim 1; It is characterized in that; With the mobile cooling medium of high-pressure nozzle device inject high pressure; The high-pressure nozzle device is fixed on the support that stirring-head is installed, and moves with stirring-head, and the weld seam that shower nozzle is aimed at stirring-head shaft shoulder direct of travel rear side forms the district.
4. according to the stirring friction-welding technique of the described enhancing joint mechanical property of claim 1, it is characterized in that stirring friction-welding technique is used for metal material: the welding of aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy or iron and steel.
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CN102794562A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-28 | 北京科技大学 | Reacting friction stir welding method applicable for connecting aluminum alloy to copper alloy |
CN104762573A (en) * | 2015-03-28 | 2015-07-08 | 中南大学 | Method for improving quality and mechanical property of 7XXX aluminum alloy stirring friction welded joint |
CN106141474A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Accelerate welding method and the device of cooling with weldering |
CN107096993A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-29 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of friction stir welding method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles box body |
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CN111496369A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 南京理工大学 | Stirring friction welding device and method for aluminum alloy T-shaped joint filler wire static shaft shoulder |
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CN102794562A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-28 | 北京科技大学 | Reacting friction stir welding method applicable for connecting aluminum alloy to copper alloy |
CN102794562B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-12-10 | 北京科技大学 | Reacting friction stir welding method applicable for connecting aluminum alloy to copper alloy |
CN104762573A (en) * | 2015-03-28 | 2015-07-08 | 中南大学 | Method for improving quality and mechanical property of 7XXX aluminum alloy stirring friction welded joint |
CN106141474A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Accelerate welding method and the device of cooling with weldering |
CN107096993A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-29 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of friction stir welding method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles box body |
CN107378228A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of quick cooling and stirring friction welding method of fine copper |
CN108247196A (en) * | 2017-08-13 | 2018-07-06 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of agitating friction weldering processing method of 7XXX line aluminium alloys squeeze wood |
CN108637437A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | A method of reducing the softening of working hardening aluminium alloy arc-welded joint |
CN108817651A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-16 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy plate welding method |
CN109530905A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-29 | 合肥工业大学 | A method of eliminating aluminium alloy extruded plate friction stir welding joint bottom defect |
CN111496369A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 南京理工大学 | Stirring friction welding device and method for aluminum alloy T-shaped joint filler wire static shaft shoulder |
CN112605520A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-06 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Welding system and welding method for friction stir welding |
CN114147340A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-08 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method assisted by friction stir processing |
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CN114643405A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-21 | 山东大学 | Local cryogenic auxiliary friction stir welding method |
CN114643405B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-14 | 山东大学 | Local cryogenic auxiliary friction stir welding method |
CN114669859A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-28 | 华南理工大学 | Friction stir welding method in ice water environment |
CN114799483A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-29 | 昆山六丰机械工业有限公司 | Cooling method after friction stir welding |
CN115213543A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-10-21 | 华南理工大学 | Water spraying type friction stir welding and postweld heat treatment process combination method |
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