CN114669859A - Friction stir welding method in ice water environment - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method in ice water environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114669859A CN114669859A CN202210303220.6A CN202210303220A CN114669859A CN 114669859 A CN114669859 A CN 114669859A CN 202210303220 A CN202210303220 A CN 202210303220A CN 114669859 A CN114669859 A CN 114669859A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- water
- friction stir
- stir welding
- environment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a friction stir welding method in an ice water environment, which comprises the following technologies: preparing an ice water cooling environment for friction stir welding, and maintaining a 0-degree water cooling system; the stirring head of the friction stir welding welds the material plates to be welded at the rotating speed of 10-30000rpm and the welding speed of 10-500mm/min, and the materials are the same or different materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lead, zinc, copper, stainless steel, low-carbon steel and the like. The invention has more precise control on the welding cooling environment, the ice water system can maintain a stable 0-degree underwater environment, the temperature control is more precise compared with the temperature control of the common underwater environment, the ice water system can provide a welding cooling environment with lower temperature and faster heat dissipation, the crystal grains of the welded part are finer and more uniform, the mechanical property is better, the preparation process of the ice water is simple, and the ice water environment has the technical advantages of strong effect stability, reliable performance, resource saving, high efficiency, low consumption, low environmental requirement and the like, thereby having great practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and relates to a friction stir welding method in an ice water environment.
Background
Friction stir welding was a solid phase welding technique invented in 1991 by which a high speed rotating stir head is vigorously rubbed against a workpiece to generate a large amount of heat to rapidly heat and plasticize the material, the plasticized metal is moved from the front end to the rear side under the pressure and rotation of the stir head, and the weld is filled and cooled to join the materials to be welded into a whole. The weld structure of friction stir welding can be divided into four areas: a shoulder affected zone, a nugget zone, a heat engine affected zone, and a heat affected zone. In the friction stir welding process, although the welding peak temperature is lower than the melting point of the welding material, the temperatures of a welding nucleus area and a heat engine affected area are still relatively high, the grain structures of the area and the surrounding heat affected area are directly affected, the cooling speed of the friction stir welding material in the air is relatively low, and the second phase is easily dissolved, grown and coarsened when a welding joint is under the action of high welding temperature for a long time. Meanwhile, the over-high temperature can cause the growth of recrystallized grains in a welding nucleus area, coarsen the grain structure of a heat affected area and reduce the uniformity with a base material. These all deteriorate the properties of the aluminum alloy weld joint. The welding conditions are strictly controlled, and the method has important significance for improving the structure and the performance of the welding joint.
With friction stir weld materials, the weld heat affected zone is likely to become a softened region of the joint due to dissolution of fine precipitates, growth of coarse second phases, and coarsening of crystal grains, and failure occurs in this region. For example, CN 101439439 a has been reported in related patent documents, compared with conventional air friction stir welding, underwater friction stir welding can obtain better joint performance, water cooling can accelerate heat dissipation in a high temperature region of a welding material, a solution quenching effect is achieved in a nugget region, a second phase precipitate with small dispersion is precipitated, and the weld strength of a joint is ensured; meanwhile, the growth and coarsening of crystal grains and a second phase in a weld heat affected zone under the influence of high temperature are inhibited, the degree of a softening zone is greatly reduced, the integral strength of a joint is improved, the uniformity of a weld heat affected zone structure and a base metal is stronger after welding, and the plasticity is improved.
The underwater friction stir welding can change the structure and the performance of a joint, but the process for controlling the underwater temperature of 0 ℃ has no report about manufacturing the ice water environment, and the ice water environment is easy to manufacture and has the technical advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, low environmental requirement and the like. Compared with the common water, the ice water environment has lower temperature, better heat dissipation and cooling effects on welding materials, more dispersed and fine second phase precipitates in a weld nucleus area after welding, better strength, stronger uniformity of a heat affected zone structure and a base metal and more contribution to maintaining plasticity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a friction stir welding method in an ice water environment, wherein a material plate to be welded is welded by friction stir welding in the ice water environment, a region with higher temperature of the material to be welded is rapidly cooled by ice water during welding so as to achieve the effect of solution quenching, and a second-phase precipitate with small dispersion is separated out so as to ensure the weld joint strength of a joint; meanwhile, the ice water environment inhibits the growth and coarsening of grains and a second phase in a weak area of a welding seam in a high-temperature deformation process in the welding process, so that the overall performance of the joint is improved; after welding, the difference between the structure of the heat affected zone of the welding seam and the structure of the parent metal is not large, the uniformity of crystal grains and precipitates in the heat affected zone and the parent metal is stronger, and the plasticity of the weak zone of the welding seam is improved. The invention has more precise control on the welding cooling environment, the ice water system can maintain a stable 0-degree underwater environment, the temperature control is more precise and the temperature is lower compared with the common underwater environment, the ice water system can provide a welding cooling environment with faster heat dissipation, the structure of the components at the welding seam after welding is more uniform, the mechanical property is better, the preparation process of the ice water is simple, and the ice water environment has the technical advantages of strong effect stability, reliable performance, resource saving, high efficiency, low consumption, low environmental requirement and the like, thereby having great practical value.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention aims to provide a friction stir welding method in a water environment, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an ice water system by adopting an underwater friction stir welding device, and maintaining an underwater environment at 0 ℃;
secondly, placing the welding material and the workbench in an ice water environment, and fixing the tool;
and thirdly, performing friction stir welding on the workpiece in an ice water environment.
Furthermore, in the first step, the ice in the ice water system can be ice, dry ice and the like, which is beneficial to rapidly cooling water, and new impurities cannot be introduced into the weld joint.
Further, in the first step, when the ice in the ice water system is ice, the volume ratio of the ice to the water is 1: 4-10: 1, the amount of ice should be increased as appropriate when matching workpieces of different sizes.
Further, in the first step, when the size of the workpiece is larger, ice and dry ice are simultaneously added into water for cooling, and the volume ratio of the ice, the dry ice and the water is 1: 0.5: 4-4: 5:1, the amount of dry ice is increased according to working environment.
Furthermore, when the size of the workpiece is larger, a corresponding heat preservation device needs to be arranged.
Further, in the first step, the water in the ice water system is in direct contact with the welding material and completely submerges the welding material, and the water may be circulated and may be stationary.
Optionally, the water in the ice water system is static, the 0 ° underwater environment is maintained around the workpiece, and the temperature of the water contacting the surface of the workpiece rises when the friction stir welding machine is in operation.
Optionally, the water in the ice water system is circulated, and when the machine is in operation, the 0 ° water keeps flowing in the whole working environment.
Further, the circulating water may be set to a stirring cycle, a pumping cycle, or the like, so that the ice water flows.
Further, in the second step, the welding material comprises aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lead, zinc, copper, stainless steel, low-carbon steel and other similar or dissimilar materials.
Furthermore, in the second step, the welding material can be a section bar or a plate, and the thickness of the plate is 0.5-60 mm.
Further, in the third step, the welding parameters of friction stir welding in an ice water environment are as follows: the rotating speed is 10-30000rpm, the welding speed is 10-500mm/min, and the included angle of the cutter shaft is kept fixed and ranges from-5 degrees to 5 degrees.
Furthermore, in the third step, the combined welding parameters of friction stir welding in an ice water environment enable the welding material to generate plastic flow and form a welding line with a complete surface under the influence of heat input and mechanical stirring in the welding process.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the ice water system prepared by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the underwater environment of 0 degree with lower temperature can be accurately controlled, the effect stability is strong, and the performance is reliable. In the prior invention, liquid nitrogen and dry ice are mentioned to cool welding joints, but more relates to spray cooling of the media, so that the welding conditions cannot be maintained at a stable and accurate temperature, the invention provides a specific 0-degree underwater implementation environment, and the temperature control range is more accurate;
the temperature of the 2.0-degree underwater environment is lower than that of common water, and the strengthening effect on the joint is stronger. The friction stir welding in the underwater environment is proved to have feasibility by a plurality of documents, and the ice water as one of the underwater environments has the characteristics of lower temperature and better heat dissipation effect, and has more obvious effect of improving the overall strength of the joint. The recrystallized grain growth tendency of a weld seam structure weld nucleus area in an ice water environment is smaller, the structure is finer, the texture growth and coarsening degree of a weld seam heat affected zone are smaller, the uniformity with a base material is stronger, second-phase precipitates separated out in the heat affected zone are more dispersed and fine, the strength of a weak area is improved, the softening degree of a joint can be better inhibited, and a theoretical basis and a method are provided for preparing a higher-performance friction stir welding joint;
3. the welding material is in direct contact with the ice water liquid environment, and no additional medium is needed. During the whole working period, the whole workpiece is soaked in an underwater environment, ice water can better transfer heat of a welding tool and a plate to the periphery, and the heat absorption capacity of water can be fully and efficiently utilized;
4. the ice water environment is simple and easy to prepare, and has practical value. In the process of preparing the ice water environment, special tools and instruments are not needed, ice blocks and water are easy to obtain, and the ice water environment preparation method has the technical advantages of resource conservation, high efficiency, low consumption, low environmental requirement and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ice water system for friction stir welding according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of a parent material structure in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of the weld heat affected zone structure in an ice water environment in example 3.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a water tank; 2-an isolation net; 3-an ice chamber; 4-a stirring device; 5-water inlet/outlet; 6-a workbench; 7-heat preservation device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
The ice water system for friction stir welding in the embodiment comprises a water tank 1, an isolation net 2, an ice chamber 3, a stirring device 4, a water inlet/outlet 5, a workbench 6 and a heat preservation device 7; an isolation net 2 is arranged in the water tank 1 to isolate the interior of the water tank into an ice chamber 3 and a water tank main body, a heat preservation device 7 is arranged at the upper part of the ice chamber, and the isolation net 2 is arranged at the joint of the heat preservation device 7 and the water tank main body; a workbench 6 is arranged in the water tank main body; the stirring device 4 is positioned outside the water tank 1, and a stirring paddle connected to the stirring device 4 extends into the water tank main body; the side of the water tank 1 is provided with a water inlet/outlet 5.
The ice water systems in the following examples were derived from this system, except that the settings for circulating water in examples 3 and 5 were set to circulate ice water using a suction pump, which is not shown in this system.
Example 1
Selecting a 7075-T4 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm, wherein the plate size is 180 multiplied by 90mm, and welding by adopting the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system.
Further, the aluminum plate is clamped.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set to be ice and dry ice, and the ratio of the ice to the dry ice to the water is 1: 1: 4.
further, ice cubes and dry ice are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 5mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, the water in the ice water system was set to be stationary and the water temperature was measured to be 0 °.
Further, a threaded cylindrical stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 10mm and the stirring needle length of 1.8mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment at a rotation speed of 1800rpm and a welding speed of 50 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 1.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process.
Furthermore, the finally obtained weld nugget area has fine grains, the heat affected area has no growth and coarsening of the grains, the strength of the weld area is improved, and the overall mechanical property of the joint is improved.
Example 2
Selecting a 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1mm, wherein the plate size is 150 multiplied by 80mm, and welding by adopting the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system.
Further, the aluminum plate is clamped.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set as ice, and the ratio of the ice to the water is 1: 2.
further, the ice blocks are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 3mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to flow circularly.
Further, the circulating water is set to be a stirring device 4, the rotating speed of the stirrer is set to be 500rpm, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the stirrer.
Further, a threaded cylindrical stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 12mm and the stirring needle length of 1mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotation speed of 1800rpm and a welding speed of 30 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 1.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process. Compared with the common underwater weld nucleus area, the finally obtained joint weld nucleus area crystal grain has smaller grain size, narrow heat affected area range, no large-size second phase coarsening and improved overall strength.
Example 3
Selecting a 7075-T4 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 3mm, wherein the plate size is 200 multiplied by 90mm, and welding by adopting the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system.
Further, the aluminum plate is clamped.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set as ice, and the ratio of ice to water is 1: 3.
further, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 5mm of the plate, the water injection is stopped, and ice blocks are placed in the ice chamber 3.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to flow circularly.
Furthermore, the circulating water is set to be a water suction pump, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the water suction pump.
Further, a threaded cylindrical stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 10mm and the stirring needle length of 2.8mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotational speed of 3400rpm and a welding speed of 90 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 1.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process.
Fig. 2 shows a TEM image of a base material structure, fig. 3 shows a TEM image of a weld heat affected zone structure in an ice water environment, it can be seen that compared with a base material precipitated phase, the number of fine precipitated phases in the weld heat affected zone in the ice water environment is significantly increased, no large-sized second phase coarsening occurs, the strength of the weld heat affected zone as a weak zone of a welded joint is improved, the overall mechanical performance of the joint is improved, and finally, the joint strength coefficient of the friction stir welded joint in the ice water reaches 93.8%.
Example 4
Selecting an AZ31 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 3mm, wherein the plate size is 300 multiplied by 90mm, and welding by adopting the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system.
Further, clamping the magnesium alloy plate.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set to be ice and dry ice, and the ratio of the ice to the dry ice to the water is 2: 1: 4.
further, ice cubes and dry ice are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 5mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, a heat preservation device 7 is arranged in the ice water system.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to flow circularly.
Further, the circulating water is set to be a stirring device 4, the rotating speed of the stirrer is set to be 200rpm, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the stirrer.
Further, a threaded cylindrical stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 12mm and the stirring needle length of 2.8mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotational speed of 9000rpm and a welding speed of 130 mm/min.
The included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 2.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process. The hardness of the finally obtained heat affected zone of the welded joint is improved, and under the influence of ice water environment cooling, due to the reduction of heat input, intermetallic compounds formed in the stirring zone are smaller in size and finer in microstructure, so that the elongation of the joint is effectively improved.
Example 5
A356 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 5mm is selected, the plate size is 200 multiplied by 100mm, and the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system is adopted for welding.
And further, clamping the A356 aluminum alloy plate.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set to be ice and dry ice, and the ratio of the ice to the dry ice to the water is 2: 0.5: 4.
further, ice cubes and dry ice are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 12mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, a heat preservation device 7 is arranged in the ice water system.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to be circulated.
Furthermore, the circulating water is set to be a water suction pump, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the water suction pump.
Further, a threaded cylindrical stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 18mm and the stirring needle length of 4.6mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotational speed of 3000rpm and a welding speed of 60 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 2.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process.
The final joint result shows that the heat input generated by the finally obtained structure is small due to the influence of ice water cooling in the friction stir welding process, so that the crystal grains in a weld nugget area are fine, and the second phase in the heat affected area has no coarsening and growth tendency due to the low dissolution degree of second-phase precipitates, so that the friction stir welding joint in the ice water environment finally obtains the highest hardness value higher than that of the welding joint in common water and air.
Example 6
AZ31(Mg alloy) and AA 5083H 34 plates with the thickness of 8mm are selected, the plate size is 200 x 80mm, and the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system is used for welding different materials.
Further, AZ31(Mg alloy) and AA 5083H 34 plates were clamped.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set to be ice and dry ice, and the ratio of the ice to the dry ice to the water is 2: 3: 4.
further, dry ice and ice cubes are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 10mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to flow circularly.
Further, the circulating water is set to be a stirring device 4, the rotating speed parameter of the stirrer is set to be 100rpm, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the stirrer.
Further, a stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 18mm and the stirring needle length of 8mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotational speed of 3000rpm and a welding speed of 110 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 2.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process.
The final joint result shows that the highest strength of the welded joint obtained in the ice water environment can reach 73% of the tensile strength of the AZ31Mg alloy base metal, meanwhile, the strength of a weld heat affected zone is improved, the structure is more uniform, and the welded joint obtained in the ice water environment obtains the maximum elongation of about 4%.
Example 7
Commercial pure copper and Cu-30 Zn plates with the thickness of 3mm are selected, the size is 180mm multiplied by 80mm, and the friction stir welding equipment with the ice water system is used for welding dissimilar materials.
Further, commercially pure copper and Cu-30 Zn plates were clamped.
Further, the ice in the ice water system is set to be ice and dry ice, and the ratio of the ice to the dry ice to the water is 1.5: 1: 4.
further, dry ice and ice cubes are placed in the ice chamber 3, water is injected into the water tank 1 through the water inlet 5 until the water surface is immersed by more than 8mm of the plate, and the water injection is stopped.
Further, the water in the ice water system is set to flow circularly.
Further, the circulating water is set to be a stirring device 4, the rotating speed parameter of the stirrer is set to be 100rpm, the measured water temperature is 0 degrees, and ice water starts to flow under the driving of the stirrer.
Further, a stirring head with the shaft shoulder diameter of 18mm and the stirring needle length of 3mm is selected.
Further, friction stir welding was performed in an ice water environment under the conditions of a rotation speed of 1300rpm and a welding speed of 50 mm/min.
Further, the included angle of the tool axis was maintained at 2.5 ° throughout the friction stir welding process.
The joint results show that under flowing ice water, a defect-free welded joint was formed, a recrystallized grain structure with an ultra-fine grain size was obtained in the stirred zone, the softening heat affected zone disappeared, and strength and ductility were very well improved in the stirred zones of pure Cu and Cu-30 Zn.
Claims (10)
1. The friction stir welding method in the ice water environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing an ice water system by adopting underwater friction stir welding equipment, and maintaining an underwater environment at 0 ℃;
secondly, placing the welding material and the workbench in an ice water environment, and fixing the tool;
thirdly, performing friction stir welding on the workpiece in an ice water environment;
in the third step, the welding parameters of the friction stir welding in the ice water environment are as follows: the rotating speed is 10-30000rpm, and the welding speed is 10-500 mm/min.
2. The friction stir welding method in an ice-water environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ice in the ice-water system may be ice, dry ice, or other solid that facilitates rapid cooling of the water and does not introduce new impurities into the weld.
3. The friction stir welding method in an ice water environment according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, when the ice in the ice water system is ice, the volume ratio of the ice to the water is 1: 4-10: 1;
in the first step, when the size of a workpiece is larger, ice and dry ice are added into water at the same time for cooling, and the volume ratio of the ice, the dry ice and the water is 1: 0.5: 4-4: 5:1.
4. The friction stir welding method in an ice water environment according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, when the size of the workpiece is large, a corresponding heat preservation device is required.
5. The friction stir welding method in an iced water environment according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, water in the iced water system is in direct contact with the welding material and completely submerges the welding material, and the water is circulated or is static.
6. The friction stir welding method in an iced water environment according to claim 5, wherein in the first step, the water in the iced water system is static, the 0 ° underwater environment is maintained around the workpiece, and the temperature of the water contacting the surface of the workpiece is increased when the friction stir welding machine is operated.
7. The friction stir welding method in an iced water environment according to claim 5, wherein in the first step, the water in the iced water system is circulated, and the 0 ° water is maintained to flow throughout the entire working environment when the machine is in operation. The circulating water may be set to a stirring cycle, a pumping cycle, and the like.
8. The friction stir welding method in an ice water environment according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the welding material includes an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, lead, zinc, copper, stainless steel, low carbon steel, and the like or a dissimilar material.
9. The friction stir welding method in an ice water environment as defined in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the welding material is a profile or a plate, the thickness of the plate is 0.5-60mm, and the included angle of the tool axis is kept constant within a range of-5 ° to 5 °.
10. The friction stir welding method in an icy water environment according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the heat input and mechanical stirring of the friction stir welding tool in an icy water environment finally plasticizes and flows a sufficient volume of the weld material to form a weld bead with a complete surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210303220.6A CN114669859A (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | Friction stir welding method in ice water environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210303220.6A CN114669859A (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | Friction stir welding method in ice water environment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114669859A true CN114669859A (en) | 2022-06-28 |
Family
ID=82077096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210303220.6A Pending CN114669859A (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | Friction stir welding method in ice water environment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114669859A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003001439A (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-08 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Method for joining dissimilar metal, suppressing crack |
| CN101439439A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding method in underwater environment |
| CN102528268A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Friction stir welding process for enhancing mechanical property of joint |
| CN111037088A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 惠州市亿鹏能源科技有限公司 | Welding process of friction stir welding |
| CN113102874A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-circulation temperature-control friction stir welding device and welding method |
-
2022
- 2022-03-25 CN CN202210303220.6A patent/CN114669859A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003001439A (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-08 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Method for joining dissimilar metal, suppressing crack |
| CN101439439A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding method in underwater environment |
| CN102528268A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Friction stir welding process for enhancing mechanical property of joint |
| CN111037088A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 惠州市亿鹏能源科技有限公司 | Welding process of friction stir welding |
| CN113102874A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-circulation temperature-control friction stir welding device and welding method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mao et al. | Inhomogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties in the nugget of friction stir welded thick 7075 aluminum alloy joints | |
| Tao et al. | Friction stir welding of 2060–T8 AlLi alloy. Part I: Microstructure evolution mechanism and mechanical properties | |
| Zou et al. | Detailed characterizations of microstructure evolution, corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of refill friction stir spot welded 2219 aluminum alloy | |
| Mahto et al. | Mechanism of microstructure evolution and grain growth in friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 and AISI304 in air and water media | |
| Rathinasuriyan et al. | Experimental investigation of cooling medium on submerged friction stir processed AZ31 magnesium alloy | |
| CN114669859A (en) | Friction stir welding method in ice water environment | |
| Tian et al. | Effect of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al− Mg− Mn− Zr− Tialloy sheet during friction stir welding | |
| CN107150165B (en) | Method for preventing aluminum alloy lap welding crystal boundary liquification cracks through friction stir processing | |
| Sundar et al. | Enhancement of microstructure, micro-texture, and mechanical properties of Al6061 friction stir welds using the developed static shoulder welding tool | |
| Tejonadha Babu et al. | Analysis and characterization of forming behavior on dissimilar joints of AA5052-O to AA6061-T6 using underwater friction stir welding | |
| Kumar et al. | Review of friction stir processing of magnesium alloys | |
| Liu et al. | Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of friction stir welded Mg-Al-Zn alloy thick plate joints | |
| Wang et al. | Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Mg alloy with Cu interlayer fabricated by pulse current assisted friction stir welding | |
| Guo et al. | Study on the effects of ultrasonic assistance and external heat dissipation on friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy joints | |
| Huang et al. | Effect of processing environment during friction stir processing of AZ31/(ZrO2+ CuO) p surface composite on the mechanical and tribological performance | |
| Sun et al. | Correlation between microstructure, tribology and corrosion behaviors of Mg-Al-Zn alloy via creating fine and uniform twins through submerged friction stir processing | |
| Sucharitha et al. | A review on submerged friction stir welding of light weight alloys | |
| CN114289855B (en) | Welding method for improving friction stir welding seam tissue asymmetry | |
| CN108890117B (en) | Method and device for improving mechanical property of friction stir welding joint by double external fields | |
| Liu et al. | Characterization of microstructure and local mechanical properties of friction rolling additive manufactured AlLi alloy under repeated thermal–mechanical cycles | |
| Niu et al. | Forced cooling friction stir welding of 2060-T8 Al-Li alloy | |
| Vigneshkumar et al. | Influence of tool rotational speed on the formation of friction stir processing zone in cast Zk60/SiCp magnesium alloy surface composites | |
| Xiang et al. | Effect of ultrasonic vibration on microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 2195 Al− Li alloy | |
| Ethiraj et al. | Comparative study on conventional and underwater friction stir welding of copper plates | |
| Devanathan et al. | Joining of dissimilar aluminium alloys using friction stir welding |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220628 |