CN114798824A - Laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and device for titanium alloy plate - Google Patents
Laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and device for titanium alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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Abstract
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and a device for a titanium alloy plate belong to the field of bending forming of titanium alloy plates. The bending forming method comprises the following steps: removing impurities from the titanium alloy plate, blackening the titanium alloy plate, fixing the titanium alloy plate by using a deformation part of a device, repeatedly scanning a bending deformation area of the titanium alloy plate by adopting laser, applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate to gradually bend the titanium alloy plate to a preset angle, and keeping the bending deformation area for 90-120 seconds; stopping laser scanning and ultrasound, loosening the deformation part of the device, and cleaning to obtain the titanium alloy plate bending part. According to the method, the local thermal effect of laser-assisted forming is used, the forming of the small-radius bending part is realized, and the bending performance of the titanium alloy is improved; and by means of the ultrasonic vibration effect of the material, uneven thermal stress generated in a forming area after repeated scanning of laser is eliminated, the problems of warping, distortion and the like of the titanium alloy bending piece are reduced, and the quality of the titanium alloy bending piece is improved. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low production cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy plate bending forming, and particularly relates to a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and device for a titanium alloy plate.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and becomes one of the first choice materials of aircrafts such as airplanes, rockets, missiles and the like. In the field of aircraft manufacturing, sheet metal parts are used as typical structural parts of an aircraft, have the characteristics of multiple varieties, complex structure, strong size coordination relationship and the like, and have higher forming quality and certain service life requirement. Bending is one of the main processing modes of sheet metal parts, and is a processing method for bending a sheet material into a product with a certain angle or a certain shape by using a die or other tools. The bending process is influenced by the plastic deformation capability of the plate and the bending method, and quality defects such as distortion, rebound, fracture and the like are easy to occur. Particularly for titanium alloy, the bending resilience is large and the dimensional accuracy is low due to small elastic modulus and high strength at room temperature, so that the application range of the titanium alloy sheet metal part is influenced.
In order to improve the quality of a titanium alloy bent part, a common method is, for example, thermal forming or laser-assisted forming, in which a high-energy laser beam having a constant power and a constant scanning speed is repeatedly scanned over a forming region to thereby bend the titanium alloy by the effect of thermal stress generated by the laser. However, when laser-assisted molding is employed, since laser light is repeatedly scanned, uneven thermal stress is generated in a scanning molding region, and quality problems such as warpage and distortion of a molded part occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and device for a titanium alloy plate, aiming at the problems of laser auxiliary forming. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the laser-assisted forming method and the ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming method are introduced into the bending forming process of the titanium alloy plate, so that on one hand, the forming of the small-radius bending part is realized by means of the local thermal effect of the laser-assisted forming, and the bending performance of the titanium alloy is improved; on the other hand, by means of the ultrasonic vibration effect of the material, uneven thermal stress generated in a forming area after repeated scanning of laser is eliminated, the problems of warping, distortion and the like of the titanium alloy bent piece are reduced, and the quality of the titanium alloy bent piece is improved. Meanwhile, the two methods and the combination thereof have the advantages of low energy consumption, low production cost and the like, and meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for a titanium alloy plate, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: removing impurities
Removing impurities from the titanium alloy plate to obtain the titanium alloy plate after impurity removal;
in the first step, polishing is adopted for impurity removal, and an oxide layer on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is removed.
Step two: blackening
Carrying out blackening treatment on the titanium alloy plate subjected to impurity removal by adopting a laser adsorption substance to obtain a blackened titanium alloy plate;
in the second step, the laser absorption substance is preferably carbon black or water-based graphite, and the laser absorption rate of the surface of the titanium alloy plate can be increased by blackening the surface;
in the second step, preferably, the side of the titanium alloy plate material, which is subjected to the laser-assisted forming after impurity removal, is subjected to blackening treatment.
Step three: fixing
Placing the blackened titanium alloy plate in a deformation part of a device for fixing;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: placing the blackened titanium alloy plate on a fixed platform, and pressing and fixing the titanium alloy plate by using a fixed pressing plate;
or the blackened titanium alloy plate is placed in the positioning groove of the single forming concave die;
or the blackened titanium alloy plate is placed between the forming female die and the forming male die and is pressed and fixed.
Step four: bending into shape
Performing bending deformation, repeatedly scanning a bending deformation area of the titanium alloy plate by adopting laser, applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate through the fixed platform to gradually bend the plate to a preset angle, and keeping for 90-120 seconds;
or applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate through the single forming female die to enable the plate to be gradually attached to the single forming female die, and then keeping for 90-120 seconds;
or applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate through the forming male die or the forming female die to gradually close the forming male die and the forming female die until the titanium alloy plate is completely attached to the die, and keeping for 90-120 seconds.
In the fourth step, the ultrasonic vibration power is more than or equal to 1.0kW, and the ultrasonic frequency is more than or equal to 18 kHz.
In the fourth step, the laser power is more than or equal to 600W, and the scanning speed is more than or equal to 30 mm/s.
In the fourth step, the diameter of the laser beam spot is determined according to the components of the titanium alloy plate and the specific size of the forming area, and the linear energy density of the laser beam is ensured to be less than or equal to 13J/mm 2 。
Step five: post-treatment
Stopping laser scanning and ultrasound, loosening the deformation part of the device, and cleaning to obtain the titanium alloy plate bending part.
In order to realize the laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method of the titanium alloy plate, the invention also provides three laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming devices of the titanium alloy plate, wherein the first laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device of the titanium alloy plate comprises a forming male die, a forming female die, a laser, an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic vibrator;
the forming male die and the forming female die are arranged oppositely, and the contact surface of the forming male die and the forming female die is in the bent shape of the titanium alloy plate;
a laser beam passage is arranged in a die formed by the forming male die and the forming female die, a laser is arranged on an extension line of the laser beam passage, an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged on the opposite side of the laser, and the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
More preferably, the laser beam path is arranged in a forming male die, the forming male die is arranged above a forming female die, and the ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the forming female die and connected with the forming female die;
further, the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with the forming female die through threads;
further, the ultrasonic vibrator and the laser are coaxial.
The second titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is characterized in that a forming male die and a forming female die in the first titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device are replaced by a fixed pressing plate and a fixed platform;
the device comprises a fixed platform, a fixed pressing plate, an ultrasonic vibrator, an ultrasonic generator and a control circuit, wherein the fixed pressing plate tightly presses and fixes one end of a plate on the fixed platform, the ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the fixed platform and is connected with the ultrasonic generator;
more preferably, the ultrasonic transducer and the fixed platform are connected by a screw.
The third titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is characterized in that a forming male die and a forming female die in the first titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device are replaced by a single forming female die;
the single forming female die is internally provided with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator, and a laser is arranged above the single forming female die;
more preferably, the size of the sheet positioning groove of the single forming female die is the same as that of the titanium alloy forming sheet;
further, the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with the single forming concave die through threads;
further, the ultrasonic vibrator is coaxial with the laser.
The invention relates to a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method and a device for a titanium alloy plate, which have the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional bending forming of the titanium alloy plate, the forming of the small-radius bent part can be realized through laser-assisted forming, and the bending forming performance of the titanium alloy plate is further improved. Compared with laser-assisted forming, the bending and distortion of the bending piece can be reduced through the ultrasonic vibration effect of the material, and the quality of the titanium alloy bending piece is further improved. The laser-assisted forming and the ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming are simultaneously introduced into the bending forming process of the titanium alloy plate, so that the small-radius bending forming and the precise forming of the titanium alloy sheet metal part at normal temperature are realized, and the bending forming performance and the application range of the titanium alloy plate are effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device (in an initial state) for a titanium alloy plate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending device (in a forming state) for titanium alloy plates in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending and forming device (initial state) for a titanium alloy plate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending device (in a forming state) for titanium alloy plates in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending and forming device (initial state) for a titanium alloy plate according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending device (in a forming state) for titanium alloy plates according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending and forming device (initial state) for a titanium alloy plate according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending device (in a forming state) for titanium alloy plates according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a laser, 2-a high-energy laser beam, 3-a forming male die, 4-a titanium alloy plate for forming, 5-a forming female die, 6-an ultrasonic vibrator, 7-an ultrasonic generator, 8-a fixed platform, 9-a fixed pressing plate and 10-a single forming female die.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is shown in figure 1 in an initial state and comprises: the device comprises a forming male die 3, a forming female die 5, a laser 1, an ultrasonic generator 7 and an ultrasonic vibrator 6.
The forming male die 3 and the forming female die 5 are arranged from top to bottom, the forming female die 5 faces upwards, and the forming male die 3 faces downwards; the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is fixed between the forming female die 5 and the forming male die 3; the forming male die 3 is provided with a laser beam passage in the direction vertical to the plate forming area, a laser 1 is arranged on the extension line of the laser beam passage, the laser 1 emits a high-energy laser beam 2, the high-energy laser beam 2 can scan on a titanium alloy plate 4 for forming through the laser beam passage of the forming male die 3, an ultrasonic vibrator 6 is arranged below a forming female die 5, and the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is connected with an ultrasonic generator 7.
In the embodiment, the target material is a titanium alloy plate, and the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and has the thickness of 1mm, the length of 60mm and the width of 20 mm; the laser power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, and the scanning speed is 40 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and the ultrasonic vibration power is 2.2 kW.
The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for the titanium alloy plate adopts the laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for the titanium alloy plate, and comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a titanium alloy plate with proper size parameters according to the part, polishing the surface of the plate, and removing a surface oxide layer to obtain the titanium alloy plate after impurity removal;
step two: carrying out blackening treatment on the surface of the titanium alloy plate after impurity removal by using carbon black so as to increase the laser absorption rate of the surface;
step three: placing the prepared titanium alloy plate 4 for forming between the forming female die 5 and the forming male die 3, and pressing and fixing;
step four: controlling the forming male die 3 to move downwards slowly, starting the ultrasonic generator 7 and the laser 1 at the same time, applying ultrasonic vibration to the forming female die 5 by outputting a stable circulating ultrasonic vibration load through the ultrasonic vibrator 6, and repeatedly scanning a titanium alloy plate forming area by using a high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 until a titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is completely attached to the die and keeping for 90 seconds;
step five: and simultaneously closing the laser 1 and the ultrasonic generator 7, stopping high-energy laser beam scanning and ultrasonic vibration, controlling the forming state and the structure schematic diagram as shown in figure 2, then controlling the forming male die and the forming female die to be slowly separated, taking down the titanium alloy bent piece formed by the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming, and cleaning. The obtained titanium alloy bending piece has the advantages that the warping defect of the edge of the part is obviously improved, the forming precision is obviously improved, the distortion defect of a laser scanning area is obviously eliminated, and the forming quality of the part is improved.
Example 2
A titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is shown in figure 3 in an initial state and comprises: the device comprises a laser 1, a forming male die 3, a forming female die 5, an ultrasonic generator 7 and an ultrasonic vibrator 6.
The forming male die 3 and the forming female die 5 are arranged oppositely; the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is fixedly clamped between the forming male die 3 and the forming female die 5; the forming male die 3 is connected with the ultrasonic vibrator 6 through threads; the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 7, the forming die 5 is provided with a laser beam path, the laser beam path corresponds to the forming part of the titanium alloy plate material 4 for forming, and the high-energy laser beam 2 is scanned on the titanium alloy plate material 4 for forming through the laser beam path.
In the embodiment, the target material is a titanium alloy plate, and the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and has the thickness of 1mm, the length of 60mm and the width of 20 mm; the laser power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, and the scanning speed is 30 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and the ultrasonic vibration power is 2.2 kW.
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary forming method for a titanium alloy plate adopts the laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for the titanium alloy plate, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of the part to remove a surface oxide layer;
step two: carrying out blackening treatment on the upper surface of a titanium alloy plate forming area by using water-based graphite;
step three: placing the prepared titanium alloy plate 4 for forming between the forming female die 5 and the forming male die 3, and pressing and fixing;
step four: controlling the forming male die 3 to move downwards slowly, starting the ultrasonic generator 7 and the laser 1 at the same time, applying vibration to the forming male die 3 through stable circulating ultrasonic vibration load output by the ultrasonic vibrator 6, and repeatedly scanning a forming area of the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming by using the high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 until the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is completely attached to the forming female die 5, and keeping for 120 seconds;
step five: and (3) closing the laser 1, stopping laser irradiation, closing the ultrasonic generator 7, stopping ultrasonic vibration, controlling the forming state structure schematic diagram as shown in figure 4, controlling the forming male die 3 to move upwards, taking down the titanium alloy bent piece obtained after the forming titanium alloy plate 4 is formed, cleaning, detecting the titanium alloy bent piece, obviously improving the quality defects of warping, distortion and the like, and obviously improving the forming quality of the part.
Example 3
A titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is shown in figure 5 in an initial state and comprises: the device comprises a laser 1, an ultrasonic generator 7, an ultrasonic vibrator 6, a fixed platform 8 and a fixed pressing plate 9.
The fixed pressing plate 9 is used for fixing one end of the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming on the upper surface of the fixed platform 8; the lower end of the fixed platform 8 is connected with the ultrasonic vibrator 6 through threads; the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 7, the high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 is scanned on the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming, and the high-energy laser beam 2 and the ultrasonic vibrator 6 are coaxial.
In the embodiment, the target material is a titanium alloy plate, and the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and has the thickness of 1mm, the length of 60mm and the width of 20 mm; the laser power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, and the scanning speed is 30 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, and the ultrasonic vibration power is 2.4 kW.
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for a titanium alloy plate adopts the laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for the titanium alloy plate, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of the part to remove a surface oxide layer;
step two: carrying out blackening treatment on the upper surface of a titanium alloy plate forming area by using carbon black;
step three: fixing the left side of the prepared titanium alloy plate 4 for forming on a fixed platform 8 by a fixed pressing plate 9;
step four: simultaneously starting the ultrasonic generator 7 and the laser 1, applying vibration to the fixed platform 8 through the stable circulating ultrasonic vibration load output by the ultrasonic vibrator 6, and repeatedly scanning the forming area of the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming by using the high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 until the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is bent to a required angle and is kept for 120 seconds;
step five: and (3) closing the laser 1, stopping laser irradiation, closing the ultrasonic generator 7, stopping ultrasonic vibration, taking the forming state shown in figure 6, taking down the titanium alloy bent piece formed by the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming, cleaning, detecting the titanium alloy bent piece, and obviously improving the distortion defect of the forming area of the part.
Example 4
A titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is shown in figure 7 in an initial state and comprises: the device comprises a laser 1, a single forming concave die 10, an ultrasonic generator 7 and an ultrasonic vibrator 6.
The titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is arranged on the positioning groove of the single forming female die 10; the lower part of the single forming female die 10 is connected with the ultrasonic vibrator 6 through threads; the ultrasonic vibrator 6 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 7, the high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 is scanned on the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming, and the high-energy laser beam 2 and the ultrasonic vibrator 6 are coaxial.
In the embodiment, the target material is a titanium alloy plate, and the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and has the thickness of 1mm, the length of 60mm and the width of 20 mm; the laser power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, and the scanning speed is 30 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and the ultrasonic vibration power is 2.2 kW.
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for a titanium alloy plate adopts the laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for the titanium alloy plate, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of the part to remove a surface oxide layer;
step two: carrying out blackening treatment on the upper surface of a titanium alloy plate forming area by using water-based graphite;
step three: placing the prepared titanium alloy plate 4 for forming above the positioning groove of the single forming female die 10;
step four: simultaneously starting the ultrasonic generator 7 and the laser 1, applying vibration to the single forming female die 10 through stable circulating ultrasonic vibration load output by the ultrasonic vibrator 6, and repeatedly scanning the forming area of the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming by using the high-energy laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1 until the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming is completely attached to the single forming female die 10 and keeping for 120 seconds;
step five: and (3) closing the laser 1, stopping laser irradiation, closing the ultrasonic generator 7, stopping ultrasonic vibration, taking the forming state as shown in figure 8, taking down the titanium alloy bent piece formed by the titanium alloy plate 4 for forming, cleaning and detecting the titanium alloy bent piece.
Example 5
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary forming method for a titanium alloy plate, which is the same as the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
the laser power is 900W, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, and the scanning speed is 40 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency was 26kHz and the ultrasonic power was 2.0 kW.
Example 6
A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary forming method for a titanium alloy plate, which is the same as the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
the laser power is 1000W, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, and the scanning speed is 50 mm/s; the ultrasonic frequency was 18kHz and the ultrasonic power was 2.6 kW.
Comparative example 1
A method for bending and forming a titanium alloy sheet metal part, which is the same as embodiment 1 and is different from the following steps: during the forming process, no ultrasonic vibration was applied. The method can generate uneven forming thermal stress after the laser scans a plate forming area, and quality defects such as warping, distortion and the like can be generated on a formed part.
Comparative example 2
A method for bending and forming a titanium alloy sheet metal part, which is the same as embodiment 1 and is different from the following steps: during the forming process, no laser scanning was performed on the formed area. Because the titanium alloy sheet material has high strength and poor plastic deformation capability at normal temperature, the method is easy to crack when forming the small-radius titanium alloy sheet metal bent part, and the target shape cannot be formed.
Comparative example 3
A method for bending and forming a titanium alloy sheet metal part, which is the same as embodiment 1 and is different from the following steps: the laser power is 1200W, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the scanning speed is 30 mm/s. With the increase of the linear energy density of the laser beam, the metal ablation and melting phenomena begin to occur in the laser irradiation area on the surface of the plate, and the performance and the surface quality of the part are influenced.
The laser beam linear energy density can be reduced by increasing the spot diameter and increasing the scanning speed, so that the ablation prevention effect is achieved.
Comparative example 4
A method for bending and forming a titanium alloy sheet metal part, which is the same as embodiment 1 and is different from the following steps: the laser power is 200W. According to the method, due to the fact that the linear energy density of the laser beam is low, no obvious temperature gradient is formed on the section of the plate forming area, the plastic deformation capacity of the titanium alloy plate is poor at the temperature, the formed part is prone to cracking in the forming area, and the part meeting the size requirement cannot be formed.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for a titanium alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing impurities
Removing impurities from the titanium alloy plate to obtain the titanium alloy plate after impurity removal;
step two: blackening
Carrying out blackening treatment on the titanium alloy plate subjected to impurity removal by adopting a laser adsorption substance to obtain a blackened titanium alloy plate;
step three: fixing
Placing the blackened titanium alloy plate in a deformation part of a device for fixing;
step four: bending into shape
Bending deformation is carried out, laser is adopted to repeatedly scan a bending deformation area of the titanium alloy plate, meanwhile, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the titanium alloy plate, the titanium alloy plate is gradually bent to a preset angle, and then the bending deformation area is kept for 90-120 seconds;
step five: post-treatment
Stopping laser scanning and ultrasound, loosening the deformation part of the device, and cleaning to obtain the titanium alloy plate bending part.
2. The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for the titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the oxide layer on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is removed by polishing for impurity removal.
3. The laser/ultrasonic composite assisted bending forming method for the titanium alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the laser absorbing substance is carbon black or water-based graphite.
4. The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for the titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the deformation part of the device comprises a fixed platform, a fixed pressing plate, a single forming female die, a forming female die and a forming male die; more specifically:
placing the blackened titanium alloy plate on a fixed platform, and pressing and fixing the titanium alloy plate by using a fixed pressing plate;
or the blackened titanium alloy plate is placed in the positioning groove of the single forming concave die;
or the blackened titanium alloy plate is placed between the forming female die and the forming male die and is pressed and fixed.
5. The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for the titanium alloy plate according to claim 4, wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to the titanium alloy plate through the fixed platform, so that the titanium alloy plate is gradually bent to a preset angle and then kept for 90-120 seconds;
or applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate through the single forming female die to enable the titanium alloy plate to be gradually attached to the single forming female die, and keeping for 90-120 seconds;
or applying ultrasonic vibration to the titanium alloy plate through the forming male die or the forming female die to gradually close the forming male die and the forming female die until the titanium alloy plate is completely attached to the die, and keeping for 90-120 seconds.
6. The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming method for the titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the ultrasonic vibration power is more than or equal to 1.0kW, and the ultrasonic frequency is more than or equal to 18 kHz;
and/or the laser power is more than or equal to 600W, and the scanning speed is more than or equal to 30 mm/s; the diameter of the laser beam spot is determined according to the components of the titanium alloy plate and the specific size of a forming area, and the linear energy density of the laser beam is ensured to be less than or equal to 13J/mm 2 。
7. A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for a titanium alloy plate is characterized by comprising a forming male die, a forming female die, a laser, an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic vibrator;
the forming male die and the forming female die are arranged oppositely, and the contact surface of the forming male die and the forming female die is in the bent shape of the titanium alloy plate;
a laser beam passage is arranged in a die formed by the forming male die and the forming female die, a laser is arranged on an extension line of the laser beam passage, an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged on the opposite side of the laser, and the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
8. The laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for the titanium alloy plate according to claim 7, wherein a laser beam path is arranged in a forming male die, the forming male die is arranged above a forming female die, and an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the forming female die and connected with the forming female die.
9. A laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device for a titanium alloy plate is characterized by comprising a fixed pressing plate, a fixed platform, a laser, an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic vibrator;
wherein, the fixed pressing plate compresses tightly one end of the plate and fixes the plate on the fixed platform, an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in the fixed platform, and the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
10. A titanium alloy plate laser/ultrasonic composite auxiliary bending forming device is characterized by comprising a single forming female die, a laser, an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic vibrator;
the single forming die is internally provided with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator, and the laser is arranged above the single forming die.
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