CN114798713A - Chelating agent and method for strengthening rhodiola southeast to restore cadmium-polluted vegetable field by using same - Google Patents
Chelating agent and method for strengthening rhodiola southeast to restore cadmium-polluted vegetable field by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114798713A CN114798713A CN202210387502.9A CN202210387502A CN114798713A CN 114798713 A CN114798713 A CN 114798713A CN 202210387502 A CN202210387502 A CN 202210387502A CN 114798713 A CN114798713 A CN 114798713A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chelating agent and a method for strengthening the repair of a cadmium-polluted vegetable field by using the same. According to the invention, the potassium fulvate and the organic acid are combined for reinforcement, so that the potassium fulvate can improve the soil structure and the soil environment, induce the formation of various beneficial floras in the soil and promote the growth of the sedum alfredii hance; the citric acid can increase the solubility of Cd in soil, promote the absorption and accumulation of Cd by sedum alfredii hance, and meanwhile, the Cd is easy to degrade in soil and has low environmental risk; the two components show good synergistic effect, the removal rate of the sedum alfredii harms the soil Cd is obviously improved, the adverse effect of single application of organic acid on the soil environment is improved, and the method has great practical significance for reducing the using amount of farmland soil chemical fertilizer and relieving farmland soil heavy metal non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal polluted farmland soil environment treatment, in particular to a chelating agent and a method for strengthening the remediation of cadmium polluted vegetable fields by sedum alfredii hance by using the chelating agent.
Background
Human agriculture activities such as mining, smelting, fertilizer application, sludge farming, sewage irrigation, etc. cause cadmium pollution to various degrees in farmland soil in many regions of the world. Data published by the environmental protection department and the national resource department in 2014 jointly show that the point position exceeding rate of soil cadmium in China is 7.0 percent and is positioned at the head of eighty-large exceeding metal elements. Cadmium in farmland soil is polluted, so that cadmium in edible parts of crops is accumulated, and the cadmium polluted crops are ingested by human bodies through diet, so that the health of the human bodies can be possibly damaged. Vegetables are one of the essential foods in daily diet of people, and the problem of safe production cannot be ignored. The safety problem of agricultural products caused by cadmium pollution of farmland soil is concerned, and under the background of shortage of farmland resources in China at present, how to ensure safe utilization of the vegetable field soil polluted by medium-low concentration cadmium is a research hotspot and a difficulty.
Pure phytoremediation takes decades and agricultural production is interrupted, which is impractical for China with a large number of people and a small per capita cultivated land area. The rice is a main grain crop in China, occupies one fourth of the grain planting area in China, and the problem of safe production cannot be ignored. Cadmium in the farmland is easy to be absorbed by rice, transported and finally accumulated in the rice, so that the problems of grain safety such as excessive cadmium in the rice and the like are caused. Therefore, the development of a simple and efficient technology for repairing cadmium-polluted paddy fields while producing is of great significance, and has economic and social benefits.
Although scholars at home and abroad repair cadmium-polluted farmland soil through physical, chemical, biological and chemical-biological combination technologies and other technologies in recent decades and obtain a series of research results, the research results cannot be applied in real environments or a large range due to the complexity of the soil and the strong dependence of crops on growth environments and other main factors. In addition, a farmland ecosystem is very easily influenced by environmental and human factors, cadmium bioavailability regulation and control technologies based on physical, chemical and biological methods cannot be durable, and the fluctuation of environmental factors can possibly cause the change of the cadmium form of soil, so that the cadmium absorption and accumulation processes of crops are influenced. Therefore, how to achieve the remediation target of the Cd-polluted farmland soil and have a long-term stabilizing effect is a direction which needs to be focused.
Plant extraction, which is considered as an environment-friendly, attractive, aesthetic, non-invasive, energy-saving and cost-effective technique, means that super-accumulative plants are utilized to absorb heavy metals in polluted soil and accumulate the heavy metals on the overground part, and the overground part of the plant is harvested so as to achieve the purpose of removing pollutants. The precondition for carrying out the plant extraction is to select proper hyper-accumulator plants with strong absorption capacity to the polluted heavy metals. Sedum alfredii Hance has strong enrichment capacity on Cd, but ultra-accumulated plants generally limit efficient remediation of polluted farmlands due to the characteristics of low biomass, slow growth, weak activation capacity on metal pollutants in rhizosphere environment and the like. The chelating agent can improve the solubility of the heavy metal in the soil and promote the absorption and accumulation of the heavy metal by the plant, thereby further improving the extraction efficiency of the plant to the heavy metal. The organic acid can release solid heavy metals from the soil through chelation, and the mobility of the soil is improved. Citric acid, malic acid, polyaspartic acid and the like are reported as heavy metal chelating agents, and therefore, the influence of small molecular organic acid on the activity of the pollution elements in the soil cannot be ignored.
However, the application of a chelating agent alone often inhibits plant growth, biomass reduction, and even death. The potassium fulvate is a macromolecular organic compound which has relatively small molecular weight and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops, has high load capacity and physiological activity, is rich in microbial flora and organic matter, has the functions of water retention, drought resistance and growth regulation on the plants, can improve the soil structure and the soil environment, induces the formation of various beneficial floras in the soil, achieves the effects of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, promotes the physiological metabolism of the crops, and promotes the development of roots and luxuriant stems and leaves. At present, relatively few reports are reported on research on chelation induction of plant restoration by potassium fulvate and low-molecular organic acid, and the influence of the two in combination on absorption and extraction of heavy metals by sedum alfredii hance is unknown. How to select a proper chelating agent to enhance plant extraction is one of the problems which are urgently needed to be solved in the current restoration of Cd-polluted vegetable field soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a chelating agent and a method for strengthening the remediation of cadmium-polluted vegetable fields by using the same, the absorption of soil Cd by rhodiola rosea is promoted by the formula of the chelating agent obtained through screening, the content of the soil Cd is effectively reduced, the absorption accumulation of heavy metals by agricultural products is further reduced, and the efficient, safe and sustainable development of agriculture is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent comprises potassium fulvate and an organic acid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium fulvate to the organic acid is 2: 1.
Preferably, the organic acid comprises one or a mixture of two of citric acid, malic acid and polyaspartic acid.
The invention also aims to provide a method for repairing cadmium-polluted vegetable fields by using the chelating agent-enhanced sedum alfredii hance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) turning over vegetable fields: before planting the sedum alfredii hance, ploughing, ridging and mulching the land to be repaired;
(2) seedling culture: culturing Sedum alfredii Hance in greenhouse to plant height of 10-15 cm;
(3) transplanting: planting the sedum alfredii on the vegetable land to be restored in autumn and winter with the spacing of 20-25 cm; watering in time after transplanting;
(4) spraying a chelating agent: uniformly spraying the chelating agent in the claim 3 to the soil in the root area of the sedum alfredii hance in the seedling stage of the sedum alfredii hance;
(5) field management: and regularly watering and irrigating the seeds regularly according to the moisture condition in the field.
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting the sedum alfredii hance before planting vegetables in the vegetable field of the second year, and removing the whole sedum alfredii hance plant.
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until the soil safety of the vegetable field reaches the standard.
Preferably, the Cd content of the soil in the land to be restored in the step (1) exceeds the standard by 2.9-3.0 times.
Preferably, in the step (1), the width of each ridge of the ridge is 0.8-1.2m, and the ridge spacing is 0.23-0.27 m.
Preferably, the sedum alfredii planted in the step (3) is selected and cultivated stem cutting with the length of 8-10 cm.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, potassium fulvate and organic acid are combined to strengthen (when the ratio of potassium fulvate to citric acid is 2:1, the strengthened rhodiola sachalinensis repair effect is optimal), the potassium fulvate can improve the soil structure and the soil environment, induce the formation of various beneficial floras in the soil and promote the growth of the rhodiola sachalinensis; the citric acid can increase the solubility of Cd in soil, promote the absorption and accumulation of Cd by sedum alfredii hance, and meanwhile, the Cd is easy to degrade in soil and has low environmental risk; the two components show good synergistic effect, the removal rate of the sedum alfredii harms the soil Cd is obviously improved, the adverse effect of single application of organic acid on the soil environment is improved, and the method has great practical significance for reducing the using amount of farmland soil chemical fertilizer and relieving farmland soil heavy metal non-point source pollution.
2. According to the invention, potassium fulvate and organic acid (citric acid, malic acid and polyaspartic acid) are used as chelating agents, and the remediation of the soil Cd by the rhodiola southeast is enhanced in a combined manner through different chelating agent formulas. And then comparing the heavy metal forms of the soil before and after treatment, the heavy metal content of plants and the like to analyze the activation effect of the soil so as to determine a better chelating agent formula, thereby better preventing other unexpected adverse feedback conditions from occurring.
3. The potassium fulvate adopted by the invention is a green organic fertilizer, is mainly prepared by taking plant residues as raw materials through biological fermentation, is applied to induced plant restoration of heavy metal polluted vegetable fields, and has good economic and environmental benefits.
4. As a green in-situ remediation technology, compared with the traditional soil treatment method, the method has the advantages of small engineering quantity and simple technical management, and meanwhile, the harvested Sedum alfredii Hance is moved out of the vegetable field, so that secondary pollution is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of test cells in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of activation treatment combined with rhodiola sachalinensis restoration on Cd content in soil;
FIG. 3 shows the morphological distribution of Cd in soil under activation treatment;
FIG. 4 shows Cd contents of Sedum alfredii Hance under different treatments, wherein a is the above-ground part and b is the below-ground part;
FIG. 5 shows Cd enrichment factors of underground part and overground part of Sedum alfredii under different treatments, wherein a is the overground part and b is the underground part;
FIG. 6 is a graph of soil cadmium removal rate after application of different activators.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for repairing a cadmium-polluted vegetable field by combining potassium fulvate and organic acid-reinforced sedum alfredii comprises the following steps:
(1) turning over vegetable fields: before planting the sedum alfredii hance, ploughing, ridging and mulching the land to be repaired;
(2) seedling culture: culturing Sedum alfredii Hance in greenhouse to plant height of 10-15 cm;
(3) transplanting: planting the sedum alfredii on the vegetable land to be restored in autumn and winter with the spacing of 20-25 cm; watering in time after transplanting to promote plant survival;
(4) spraying a chelating agent: uniformly spraying a chelating agent (potassium fulvate and organic acid) into soil in the root region of the sedum alfredii in the seedling stage of the sedum alfredii;
(5) field management: and regularly watering and irrigating the seeds regularly according to the moisture condition in the field.
(6) Harvesting: the sedum alfredii is harvested before vegetables are planted in the vegetable field of the second year, the whole sedum alfredii plant is removed, cadmium in soil is effectively removed, and cadmium is less absorbed by crops such as later-used vegetables and fruits.
The field demonstration base is 3 mu of vegetable land of Seisaku released by Bainizhen town of Sanshui district in Fushan City, 6 activating agents with good effects are screened according to the test result after the early-stage chelating agent is applied for 16 days, and the efficient remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil by the Sedum alfredii Hance is realized. The formulation is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 chelant formulation
The schematic diagram of the distribution of the field test cells is shown in figure 1, and in figure 1:
(1) the blue areas are the ridge intervals and are used for laying channels for irrigation pipelines.
(2) The treatment levels of the test are 7 in total, and the treatment levels are 3 in total, 18 in total and arranged by a completely random method except that 3 treatments of CK, T8 and T9 are only 2 in number.
And (3) data analysis:
1) effect of different treatments on the Total arsenic and cadmium content of soils
The soil of each test cell is collected and analyzed 80 days after the test land is repaired by the chelating agent and the sedum alfredii, and the content of Cd is determined, and the result is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from the figure, except for the treatment of T8 and T9, the Cd content of the soil treated by the treatment of the other treatments is in a descending trend compared with the soil treated by CK, and the Cd content of the soil treated by T3 is maximally reduced by 0.658mg/kg compared with the soil treated by CK, and the reduction rate is 14.77%.
2) Effect of different treatments on arsenic and cadmium morphology of soil
By analyzing the form of Cd in the soil in the test cell 80 days after the activation treatment and the rhodiola sachalinensis restoration, the distribution result of the form of Cd in the soil is shown in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 3, Cd in untreated soil mainly occurs in a potentially available state (exchangeable state + carbonate bound state) and a residue state. After different activation treatments, the form change of the soil Cd is different, wherein the form change of the soil Cd is the largest under the treatment of T3, the potential effective state of the soil Cd is increased by 13% compared with a control group, and the amplitude of the residue state is reduced by 17%; secondly, the treatment is carried out by T6 and T5, the potential effective state of the Cd in the soil treated by T6 is increased by 13 percent compared with that in the control group, and the reduction amplitude of the Cd in the residue state is 10 percent; the potential effective state of the soil Cd under the T5 treatment is increased by 9 percent compared with that of the control group, and the reduction amplitude of the residue state is 11 percent.
3) Influence of different treatments on absorption of accumulated arsenic and cadmium by Sedum alfredii Hance
The above-ground parts (stems and feathers) and the underground parts (roots) of the southeast sedum after 80 days of activation treatment were analyzed, and the cadmium concentration was measured, and the results are shown in fig. 4. According to the Cd contents of the overground part and the underground part of the sedum alfredii dunn, the Cd content of the underground part of the sedum alfredii dunn under each treatment is obviously higher than that of the overground part, which shows that the Cd absorption capacity of a root system is higher than that of stem leaves. Except for the T6 treatment, the Cd contents of the overground part and the underground part of the sedum alfredii under the other treatments are higher than those of a control group, wherein the Cd contents of the overground part and the underground part of the sedum alfredii under the T1 treatment are respectively 9.57mg/kg and 15.13mg/kg, and the trend is opposite to the growth condition of the sedum alfredii; the second is T3 treatment, the Cd content in the overground part is 9.12mg/kg, and the Cd content in the underground part is 13.52mg/kg, and the absorption condition can be related to the growth vigor of the Sedum alfredii Hance under the treatment.
In order to reflect the enrichment degree of the sedum alfredii on Cd under different treatments, the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the overground part and underground part of the sedum alfredii are calculated, and the result is shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from the figure, the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the overground part and underground part of the Sedum alfredii Hance under the activation treatment are higher than those of the control group. The enrichment coefficients of Cd in the overground part and underground part of the sedum alfredii processed by T1 are 12.87 and 22.32 respectively, and are consistent with the Cd content results of the overground part and underground part of the sedum alfredii processed by T1; and secondly, carrying out T3 treatment and T5 treatment, wherein the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the overground part and underground part of the sedum alfredii treated by T3 are respectively 12.21 and 18.23, and the enrichment coefficients of Cd in the overground part and underground part of the sedum alfredii treated by T5 are respectively 9.94 and 19.14.
4) Calculating the removal rate by the total cadmium content of the soil
In order to quantify the removal rate of the test soil cadmium by the combination of the activation treatments and the sedum alfredii hance, the preliminary calculation is carried out according to the following calculation formula from the perspective of soil cadmium total amount reduction:
wherein, EXEF HM Represents the removal efficiency,%, of cadmium in soil;
M CK the mass of cadmium in the soil of the original test field is mg/kg;
M Cd the mass of cadmium in the test soil after the activator is applied for 80 days is mg/kg;
calculated, the removal rate of Cd in soil under different treatments after the activator is applied for 80 days in the test is shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from the figure, the average removal rate of Cd in the soil under different treatments is in the range of 17.60-32.78%.
The removal effect of the activator treatment with different proportions on Cd is analyzed, the formula of the activator with the best removal effect on Cd is T3, and the average removal rate is 32.78%. Compared with the method for simply planting the sedum alfredii hance in the first season, the average removal rate of cadmium after the application of the activating agent is improved from 9.18% to 32.78%, and the activating agent is used for assisting the sedum alfredii hance to extract cadmium, so that the cadmium-polluted farmland efficient remediation mode is quick in effect taking, short in period and capable of being widely popularized.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A chelating agent, wherein the chelating agent comprises potassium fulvate and an organic acid.
2. The chelating agent as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium fulvate to the organic acid is 2: 1.
3. A chelating agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein said organic acid comprises one or a mixture of citric acid, malic acid and polyaspartic acid.
4. A method for using the chelating agent of claim 3 to strengthen sedum alfredii dunn for repairing a cadmium-polluted vegetable field, comprising the following steps:
(1) turning over vegetable fields: before planting the sedum alfredii hance, ploughing, ridging and mulching the land to be repaired;
(2) seedling culture: culturing Sedum alfredii Hance in greenhouse to plant height of 10-15 cm;
(3) transplanting: planting the sedum alfredii on the vegetable land to be restored in autumn and winter with the spacing of 20-25 cm; watering in time after transplanting;
(4) spraying a chelating agent: uniformly spraying the chelating agent in the claim 3 to the soil in the root area of the sedum alfredii hance in the seedling stage of the sedum alfredii hance;
(5) field management: and regularly watering and irrigating the seeds regularly according to the moisture condition in the field.
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting the sedum alfredii hance before planting vegetables in the vegetable field of the second year, and removing the whole sedum alfredii hance plant.
(7) And (5) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until the soil safety of the vegetable field reaches the standard.
5. The method for strengthening the recovery of the cadmium-polluted vegetable field by the sedum alfredii as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Cd content in the soil to be recovered in the step (1) exceeds 2.9-3.0 times.
6. The method for strengthening rhodiola southeast restoration of cadmium-polluted vegetable land according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the ridge width of each ridge is 0.8-1.2m, and the ridge spacing is 0.23-0.27 m.
7. The method for strengthening rhodiola southeast to restore cadmium-polluted vegetable land according to claim 4, wherein the rhodiola southeast planted in the step (3) is planted by cutting with a stem section of 8-10 cm long.
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