CN114794479A - 原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种原花青素‑壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将原花青素溶于超纯水中,然后用0.45um滤膜过滤,得原花青素溶液;将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸水溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液;按照原花青素:壳聚糖=1:1的质量比,将步骤1)所得的原花青素溶液和步骤2)所得的壳聚糖溶液于500±50r/min搅拌4±0.5h,得原花青素‑壳聚糖复合微凝胶。采用本发明的方法能制备出一种具有稳定、合适流变学特性以及粒径和微观结构的微凝胶。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及凝胶的制备方法,特别是一种原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
原花青素为许多植物中都含有的天然活性成分,有较多报道证明原花青素具有多种生理活性。原花青素(Proeyanidins)是由不同数量的表儿茶素或儿茶素通过C4~C6或C4~C8缩合而成的,最简单的原花青素是由儿茶素或表儿茶素自身缩合或儿茶素与表儿茶素共同形成的二聚体,此外还可以相互形成三聚体、四聚体等直至十聚体。原花青素具有很强大的抗氧化活性,低聚体的原花青素的抗氧化能力是维生素E的50倍,维生素C的20倍。已有较多报道证明原花青素具有多种生理活性,如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、保护心血管、降血糖、降血压、降血脂及美容护肤等与人类健康密切相关的活性。在自然界分布广泛且存在于日常食品和许多植物中,如红酒、葡萄籽、杨梅叶等。
甲壳质是自然界储量仅次于纤维素的一类天然聚合物,是由N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖以β-1,4糖苷键连接而成的氨基多糖。而壳聚糖是由甲壳质在碱性条件下部分N-乙酰氨基脱乙酰化而来的长链聚合物,壳聚糖也是目前自然界发现的唯一的一种含氨基类天然多糖,壳聚糖是自然界储量仅次于纤维素的一类天然聚合物,壳聚糖因为具有含量丰富、廉价易得、安全无毒以及生物相容和生物可降解等特性,已经在食品、医药、化妆品等领域得到广泛应用。然而,无论是壳聚糖还是原花青素,其原材料大多是一些动物、植物废弃物,如果直接丢于环境中,不仅污染环境,而且还造成资源的大量浪费。多年来,壳聚糖在食品和药品领域的应用报道较多,而关于在微凝胶领域研究鲜见报道。
微凝胶是一种通过共价键或其他作用力交联形成的具有一定凝胶状网络结构的聚合物胶体粒子,通过表征发现其具有多孔性、可变性和生物相容性。一些食品常见成分如酪蛋白胶束、糊化淀粉等表现出类似微凝胶特性。大多数微凝胶具有两亲性和表面活性,在食品乳化体系中,食品微凝胶可以显著提高乳化食品的稳定性,并可以保护和生理靶向递送生物功能成分。大量研究均表明,可食性天然高分子构成的共聚物(微凝胶)在食品营养领域表现出了强劲的应用前景。作为目前食品领域一类重要天然多酚类聚合物,原花青素在制备微凝胶方面的研究和探索,鲜见相关研究报道。
在功能食品研究领域,作为可食性的生物大分子主要有蛋白质、多糖、脂肪和原花青素(多酚聚合物)等,多年来由蛋白质和多糖类高分子制备食品凝胶、微凝胶一直是食品研究的一个重要领域。但采用单一蛋白质或者大分子多糖难以准确控制流变学特性,从而对于不同脂溶性天然功能因子乳化特性差异性较大,此外其微粒粒径、表面电荷以及空间微观结构也难以调控。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,采用该方法能制备出一种具有稳定、合适流变学特性以及粒径和微观结构的微凝胶。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、称取原花青素,按照8±1mg/1ml的料液比,将原花青素溶于超纯水中,然后用0.45um滤膜过滤,得原花青素溶液;
2)、称取壳聚糖,按照8±1mg/1ml的料液比,将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸水溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液;
所述冰醋酸水溶液中冰醋酸的体积浓度为0.8~1.2%;
3)、按照原花青素:壳聚糖=1:1的质量比,将步骤1)所得的原花青素溶液(滤膜过滤后的原花青素溶液)和步骤2)所得的壳聚糖溶液于500±50r/min搅拌4±0.5h,得原花青素-壳聚糖(1:1)复合微凝胶。
作为本发明的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法的改进:
原花青素为纯度≥98%(质量%)、且平均聚合度6.5±0.5的葡萄籽原花青素。
作为本发明的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法的进一步改进:
所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度>90%,且平均分子量20±2kD。
作为本发明的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法的进一步改进:
所述冰醋酸水溶液中冰醋酸的体积浓度为1%。
本发明采用特定平均聚合度的葡萄籽原花青素以及采用特定脱乙酰度和平均分子量的壳聚糖作为原料,采用上述特定的工艺,从而制备获得原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶,本发明能合理调控微凝胶特性。
在发明过程中使用了如下的检测方法:
方法一、表面电荷检测
取10μL样品加蒸馏水至5mL,稀释500倍,充分振荡摇匀,进行Zeta电位检测。首先倒置样品杯,一端连接注射器,缓慢注入试剂至液面达“U”型底部,翻转样品杯继续加样至样品杯刻度线,盖好样品塞。指示灯闪烁时,开始检测,严禁打开样品池。
以马尔文Zeta-sizer Nano ZS90粒度电位仪,测定壳聚糖-原花青素复合微凝胶制备的乳剂的Zeta电位。检测结果显示,壳聚糖-原花青素复合微凝胶为负电位(-22.7mV),壳聚糖:原花青素=1:1比例的电位绝对值最大,相对最稳定。
方法二、微凝胶粒径检测
透射电镜观察壳聚糖溶液、原花青素溶液以及壳聚糖-原花青素复合微凝胶的微观结构,结合微凝胶粒径和微观结构变化,综合评价所制备的微凝胶整体特征。
观察结果显示:
单纯的原花青素溶液在电镜下呈粒径<50nm的圆形或松散棒状,单纯的壳聚糖溶液在电镜下呈全部呈现均匀圆球形,粒径<50nm。
而,壳聚糖:原花青素=1:1的复合微凝胶在电镜下呈柱状,有明显的明暗区,平均粒径226nm,电镜下结构形态的变化说明本发明中,原花青素-壳聚糖可能发生了相互作用并且结合成具有一定空穴结构的凝胶。
方法三、微凝胶乳化能力考察
取微凝胶10ml于50ml离心管中,作为水相;同时加入5ml橄榄油混合,固定油相体积分数1/3,混合均匀后,均质机以11000r/min均质4min。
取100μL乳液用0.1%(w/v)十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)稀释100倍,以SDS溶液为空白,在波长500nm条件下,测定乳液初始状态0min的吸光度A0,静置10min后测定吸光值A10,根据公式计算乳液稳定性(ESI)和计算乳化活性指数(EAI)。
将新配置的乳液放置在一个透明的10mL离心管中,在常温下放置,乳液分为两层,上层为乳析层,下层为清液层,于第30天记录乳析界面的高度变化,下层清液的高度(H1)与整体乳液的高度(H2)比,即H1/H2×100%=CI,即为乳析指数。
检测结果显示,壳聚糖:原花青素=1:1比例所制备的复合微凝胶,其乳液稳定性为15.42,乳化活性指数为3.34,其乳析指数为0.59。因此证明本发明所得确实具备了微凝胶乳化特性。
式中:DF表示乳状液稀释倍数,DF=100;C表示橄榄油浓度,g/mL;Φ表示光程,Φ=0.01m;θ=0.25;均质后0和10min时的吸光度值分别用A0和A10表示。
方法四、微凝胶包封能力考察
例如以儿茶素EGCG为检测指标(本发明选择了易于氧化的茶多酚成分来考察),开展不同微凝胶对EGCG包封率差异性检测。儿茶素EGCG标准品(纯度98%以上,上海源叶生物科技有限公司),高效液相色谱系统(日本岛津shimadzu 20AT),色谱柱为Kromasil色谱柱ODS C18 column(5μm,250mm×4.6mm),保护柱为Agilent ODS C18 column(5μm,12.5mm×4.6mm)。流动相为乙腈-0.1%柠檬酸溶液=10-90(v/v),流速1.0mL/min,柱温35℃,紫外检测波长280nm,进样量20μL。
准确称取EGCG标准品10.0mg溶解于色谱甲醇中,作为储备液,利用空白色谱甲醇将储备液分别稀释成500.0,200.0,100.0,50.0和10.0μg/mL系列标准液,分别进样分析,以EGCG的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标,以质量浓度(X)为横坐标作标准曲线,求出标准曲线方程和相关系数(r),Y=22361X–240572,r=0.9992。
将购买的透析管分别裁剪成一定长度的透析袋,在使用前要对透析袋进行一定的预处理,将透析袋置于一定量2%的碳酸氢钠水溶液中煮沸15min,取出透析袋后再置于蒸馏水中彻底漂洗干净。然后再将透析袋置于1M浓度EDTA溶液中煮沸5min,然后再用蒸馏水漂洗干净后用于微凝胶溶液透析。
将上述处理后的透析袋两端扎紧,并向其中加入本发明制备而得的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶,并采用HPLC方法准确测定其中儿茶素EGCG含量(W1)。然后精密量取包封EGCG的微凝胶溶液放入透析袋中,将整个透析袋置于100mL的PBS溶液中,连续透析48h,吸取透析液进行HPLC检测,并计算透析液中游离儿茶素EGCG含量(W2),根据公式=(W1-W2)/W1*100%计算出微凝胶中儿茶素EGCG包封率。
综上,本发明涉及一种能够包埋天然活性成分、具有乳化功能的原花青素与壳聚糖复合的新型微凝胶的制备方法。
本发明所得的微凝胶是大分子互相交联行成的,主要特性是乳化特性,也兼具包封功能,保健饮料领域可以使用,增强脂溶性功能成分的分散度和稳定性,不会轻易沉淀和析出。
本发明的产物具有如下技术优势:、
1、性能稳定;
2、具有合适流变学特性;
在0.1S-1剪切速率下,实施例1所得的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的最大表观粘度为1.0PA·S。
说明:表观粘度大于5.0PA·S会影响系统分散性,小于0.5PA·S会影响乳化特性。
3、具有优化的分散特性和乳化特性;
4、本发明使得脂溶性功能因子在水溶液中稳定分散,不易于分层或沉淀。
5、包封率较高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
以下实施例中的磁力搅拌转速为500±50r/min。
实施例1、一种原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶制备方法,依次进行以下步骤:
1)、准确称取400mg葡萄籽原花青素(简称原花青素),纯度≥98%,其平均聚合度6.5;
将上述原花青素加入至50ml超纯水中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至原花青素全部溶解,使用5ml注射器将溶液用0.45um无机滤膜过滤,得到浓度为8mg/ml的原花青素溶液;
2)、准确称取400mg壳聚糖,其平均分子量20kD,脱乙酰度为90-95%;
将上述壳聚糖加入至50mL的1%冰醋酸水溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至壳聚糖全部溶解,得到浓度为8mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液;
3)、取步骤1)所得的原花青素溶液10ml迅速加入至步骤2)所得的10ml壳聚糖溶液中,磁力搅拌4h,得原花青素-壳聚糖(1:1)复合微凝胶。
实施例2、一种原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶制备方法,依次进行以下步骤:
1)、准确称取400mg葡萄籽原花青素,纯度≥98%,其平均聚合度10.6;
将上述原花青素加入至50ml超纯水中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至原花青素全部溶解,使用5ml注射器将溶液用0.45um无机滤膜过滤,得到浓度为8mg/ml的原花青素溶液;
2)、准确称取400mg壳聚糖,其平均分子量40kD,脱乙酰度为80-85%;
将上述壳聚糖加入至50mL的1%冰醋酸水溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至壳聚糖全部溶解,得到浓度为8mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液;
3)、取步骤1)所得的原花青素15ml迅速加入步骤2)所得的5ml壳聚糖溶液,磁力搅拌4h,得原花青素-壳聚糖(3:1)复合微凝胶。
实施例3、一种原花青素-壳聚糖微凝胶制备方法,依次进行以下步骤:
1)、准确称取400mg葡萄籽原花青素,纯度98%以上,其平均聚合度3.2;
将上述原花青素加入至50ml超纯水中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至原花青素全部溶解,使用5ml注射器将溶液用0.45um无机滤膜过滤,得到浓度为8mg/ml的原花青素溶液;
2)、准确称取400mg壳聚糖,其平均分子量10kD,脱乙酰度为90-95%;
将上述壳聚糖加入至50mL的1%冰醋酸水溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器搅拌至壳聚糖全部溶解,得到浓度为8mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液;
3)、取步骤1)所得的原花青素5ml迅速加入步骤2)所得的15ml壳聚糖溶液,磁力搅拌4h,得原花青素-壳聚糖(1:3)复合微凝胶。
实验1、表面电荷检测:
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得的微凝胶按照上述方法一所述进行检测,结果如下:
实施例1所得的微凝胶表面电荷=-22.7mV;
实施例2所得的微凝胶表面电荷=-19.3mV;
实施例3所得的微凝胶表面电荷=-20.4mV。
实验2、平均粒径检测:
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得的微凝胶按照上述方法二所述进行检测,结果如下:
实施例1所得的微凝胶平均粒径=226nm;
实施例2所得的微凝胶平均粒径=765nm;
实施例3所得的微凝胶平均粒径=553nm。
实验3、乳化能力检测:
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得的微凝胶按照上述方法三所述进行检测,结果如下:
实施例1所得的微凝胶EAI、ESI和CI分别为:15.42、3.34和0.59;
实施例2所得的微凝胶EAI、ESI和CI分别为:11.26、2.21和0.71;
实施例3所得的微凝胶EAI、ESI和CI分别为:13.43、3.15和0.63;
因此,实施例1的乳化效果最佳。
实验4、微凝胶包封能力考察
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得的微凝胶按照上述方法四所述进行检测,结果如下:
实施例1所得的微凝胶包封率=65.51%;
实施例2所得的微凝胶包封率=61.18%;
实施例3所得的微凝胶包封率=55.47%。
对比例1、将实施例1中的葡萄籽原花青素的平均聚合度由6.5改成15.2,其余等同于实施例1。
所得产物按照上述实验方法进行检测,所得结果为:
微凝胶表面电荷=-18.6mV;
微凝胶EAI、ESI和CI分别为:14.12、2.88和0.72;
对比例1所得的微凝胶包封率=53.18%。
对比例2、将实施例1中的壳聚糖平均分子量由20KD改成50KD,其余等同于实施例1。
所得产物按照上述实验方法进行检测,所得结果为:
微凝胶表面电荷=-16.2mV;
对比例2所得的微凝胶EAI、ESI和CI分别为:15.22、3.13和0.65。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明中原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶制备的具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,特征在于:原花青素溶液和壳聚糖溶液进行搅拌,得原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)、称取原花青素,按照8±1mg/1ml的料液比,将原花青素溶于超纯水中,然后用0.45um滤膜过滤,得原花青素溶液;
2)、称取壳聚糖,按照8±1mg/1ml的料液比,将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸水溶液中,得到壳聚糖溶液;
所述冰醋酸水溶液中冰醋酸的体积浓度为0.8~1.2%;
3)、按照原花青素:壳聚糖=1:1的质量比,将步骤1)所得的原花青素溶液和步骤2)所得的壳聚糖溶液于500±50r/min搅拌4±0.5h,得原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,特征在于:
原花青素为纯度≥98%、且平均聚合度6.5±0.5的葡萄籽原花青素。
4.根据权利要求3所述的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,特征在于:
所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度>90%,且平均分子量20±2kD。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一所述的原花青素-壳聚糖复合微凝胶的制备方法,特征在于:
所述冰醋酸水溶液中冰醋酸的体积浓度为1%。
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CN1486700A (zh) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-07 | 王洪栋 | 原花青素复合物及其制备方法 |
CN102964468A (zh) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-13 | 石家庄亿生堂医用品有限公司 | 一种原花青素改性的羧甲基壳聚糖 |
CN106852726A (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-16 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种原花青素微胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN107602725A (zh) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-19 | 河北工业大学 | 一种壳聚糖‑原花青素接枝共聚物及应用 |
CN110423789A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-08 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种壳聚糖与原花青素的接枝共聚物、制备方法及应用 |
CN112999155A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-22 | 南京科技职业学院 | 一种原花青素多重乳液水凝胶的制备 |
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CN1486700A (zh) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-07 | 王洪栋 | 原花青素复合物及其制备方法 |
CN102964468A (zh) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-13 | 石家庄亿生堂医用品有限公司 | 一种原花青素改性的羧甲基壳聚糖 |
CN106852726A (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-16 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种原花青素微胶囊及其制备方法 |
CN107602725A (zh) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-19 | 河北工业大学 | 一种壳聚糖‑原花青素接枝共聚物及应用 |
CN110423789A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-08 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种壳聚糖与原花青素的接枝共聚物、制备方法及应用 |
CN112999155A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-22 | 南京科技职业学院 | 一种原花青素多重乳液水凝胶的制备 |
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