CN114793988B - A method for identifying fertilized eggs of ray ray based on morphology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of identification and monitoring of cartilaginous fish larvae and juveniles in marine organism breeding, and particularly relates to a method for identifying fertilized eggs of raja porosa based on morphology. Taking cartilaginous fish egg shells to be identified, primarily screening the ray egg shells through morphological observation, performing morphological measurement on characteristic parts of the samples primarily screened as ray egg shells, comparing the measurement result of the characteristic parts of each sample with a ray egg shell reference standard after measurement, enabling the measurement value of each characteristic part to be matched with the reference standard, and identifying the sample to be detected as the egg shell produced by the ray. The method for identifying the raja porosa species based on the morphology of the raja porosa egg shell can effectively distinguish the raja porosa species from the egg shell sample according to morphological indexes, and is suitable for simple experimental conditions such as sea investigation and the like; the method has certain reference value for the formulation of the targeted conservation measures of the cartilaginous fishes.

Description

A method for identifying fertilized eggs of ray ray based on morphology

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of identification and monitoring of juvenile cartilaginous fish larvae in the breeding of marine organisms, and in particular relates to a method for identifying fertilized eggs of ray rays based on morphology.

Background technique

Okamejei kenojei Müller&Henle 1841, commonly known as boss fish, belongs to Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae, Okamejei, commonly known as boss fish, mainly distributed in the west coast of the Pacific Rim In my country, it is mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It is a cold-water bottom fish and mainly feeds on bottom-dwelling crustaceans and other organisms. Kong ray is a common economic fish in the coastal areas of northern my country. At the same time, because its body is rich in chondroitin and other ingredients, it has both medicinal value; coupled with its unique posture when swimming, it also becomes an important aquarium ornamental fish.

Compared with bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes have the characteristics of larger body size, longer reproductive cycle, and slow growth of juveniles, which make cartilaginous fishes often experience huge population fluctuations when faced with changes in their habitats. In the past ten years, the number of cartilaginous fishes in the world has decreased sharply, and some populations are even on the verge of extinction. The wild population of Kong Ray is also facing the risk of germplasm degradation, and it is increasingly urgent to carry out the breeding and conservation of Kong Ray. How to effectively identify the larvae and juveniles of the wild population of the ray, and at the same time avoid the damage to the fish body caused by operations such as dissection and sampling, has become one of the important research contents for the reproduction and conservation of the ray.

Compared with sharks, the eggshell morphology of rays is relatively single and similar, which makes the identification of the eggshell shape of rays prone to confusion and other problems. Although there are species-specific numerical differences in the eggshell morphology produced by rays, and there have been preliminary studies on the morphological characteristics of the eggshell of the ray, but there are few relevant indications, and it is difficult to distinguish the differences between the rays. At the same time, due to limited samples, quantitative indicators for the morphological identification of skate eggshells are still very limited, and most studies are mainly based on qualitative analysis, which also causes a lot of inconvenience for the comparison and identification of skate eggshell morphology. In addition, the method of identifying juvenile cartilaginous fish larvae based on eggshell morphology has not been reported in China.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and fast method for identifying fertilized eggs of ray ray based on morphology.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

A method for identifying the fertilized eggs of ray ray based on morphology. The egg shells of cartilaginous fishes to be identified are initially screened for ray shells through morphological observation, and the characteristic parts of the samples that are initially screened as ray shells are morphologically measured. After the determination, the measurement results of the characteristic parts of each sample were compared with the reference standard of the ray shell.

According to the morphological observation, the ray shell is initially screened as a bag-like structure with left-right symmetrical central uplift in the egg shell. The two sides of the shell are thickened to form a keel edge, and the keel edge extends upward and downward along the long axis of the shell to form four The end of the four corners extends along the bulging direction of the egg shell, and each corner has a respiratory slit at the end. At the same time, the two corners on the same side are connected by a skirt, that is, the first screening is a ray egg shell.

The morphological characteristic parts of the ray shell are total length, extreme width, body length, front horn length, rear horn length, front skirt length, rear skirt length, keel edge width and attachment wire distance.

The measurement of each feature position:

Total length (TL): the vertical distance between the top of the anterior horn of the eggshell and the top of the rear horn;

Extreme width (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the eggshell;

Body length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt and the back skirt of the eggshell;

Front horn length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top of the front corner of the eggshell and the outer edge of the front skirt;

Back horn length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top of the back horn of the eggshell and the outer edge of the back skirt;

Front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the eggshell front skirt;

Posterior skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt of the eggshell;

Keel width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer and inner edges of the eggshell keel;

Attachment filament distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the eggshell attachment filament.

The advantages that the present invention has:

The present invention is based on the morphological index of the ray shell, establishes the identification standard of the fertilized egg shell of the ray, can quickly identify the fertilized eggs of the ray, is suitable for evaluating the population of the ray in a simple environment in field investigations, and is especially suitable for Field surveys conducted during the non-breeding season (conditions in which juveniles of ray ray have hatched and no live samples are available in the egg shells). The invention has certain reference value for the evaluation of the hole ray population and the conservation of pure germplasm.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a real photo of the egg shell of the ray.

Figure 2 is a standard reference map for the measurement of Kongyao eggshells.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the egg shell of the ray.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention establishes a method for identifying the species of the stingray based on the eggshell morphology of the stingray, and the method can effectively distinguish the stingray species from the eggshell sample according to the morphological index, and is suitable for simple experimental conditions such as going to sea for investigation; the method is effective for cartilage The formulation of targeted fish conservation measures has certain reference value.

Example 1

The morphological characteristics of the ray shell include total length, extreme width, body length, front horn length, rear horn length, front skirt length, rear skirt length, keel edge width, and attachment filament distance. According to the correlation of Treloar et al. The results of the study obtained the reference standard (Treloar et al., 2006) for each feature of the ray shell, and the average values measured by collecting 100 ray shells (see Figure 1-2) are completely consistent. The reference standard can be found in Table 1.

Total length (TL): the vertical distance between the top of the anterior horn of the eggshell and the top of the rear horn;

Extreme width (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the eggshell;

Body length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt and the back skirt of the eggshell;

Front horn length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top of the front corner of the eggshell and the outer edge of the front skirt;

Back horn length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top of the back horn of the eggshell and the outer edge of the back skirt;

Front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the eggshell front skirt;

Posterior skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt of the eggshell;

Keel width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer and inner edges of the eggshell keel;

Attachment filament distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the eggshell attachment filament.

Table 1

Note: TL=total length; MW=extreme width; BL=shell length; AHL=front horn length; PHL=back corner length; AAL=front skirt length; PAL=back skirt length; LKW=keel edge width; AFL = distance between attachment wires.

Example 2

Rapid identification of the egg shells of the ray ray during field resource investigation:

1. Select 13 samples of cartilaginous fish eggshells to be identified (numbered 1-13 in sequence), and all parts of the eggshell shells must be complete without contamination or loss. The attachment point at the base of the attachment filament is clearly identifiable (Figure 3).

2. Select the egg shells to be identified for morphological observation and primary screening to obtain the ray fish shells:

Most of the eggshells to be identified are pouch-shaped structures with left-right symmetrical central uplifts. The two sides of the shell are thickened to form a keel edge, which extends upward and downward along the long axis of the shell to form four corners. Extending along the uplift direction of the egg shell, each corner ends with a respiratory slit. At the same time, the two horns on the same side are connected by a skirt (Fig. 2), which is the egg shell of rays, that is, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5 in the sample.

At the same time, among the samples No. 7, 9, 11, and 12, the corners of the eggshells were mostly degenerated, while the corners of the eggshells of No. 6 showed a left-right asymmetric structure, and the eggshells of No. 4 formed a spiral shape. These samples were preliminarily determined to be Shark shells.

In addition, the No. 8 egg shell in the sample is spindle-shaped, and the keels on both sides of the shell are developed, and extend to both sides along the long axis of the shell to form side plates, which is the chimaera egg shell.

3. Further place the ray fish egg shells that were initially screened by the above-mentioned morphological observation on a horizontal table, so that the respiratory cracks located at the top of the four corners of the egg shells are upward (Figure 3), to avoid excessive loss of water in the egg shells. Embryos suffocate to death.

4. Distinguish the characteristic parts of the ray fish egg shell: distinguish the front and rear ends of the egg shell, define the front end of the egg shell where the front skirt of the egg shell is located (Figure 3), and define the egg shell where the rear skirt is located the end. (The rear skirt of the ray shell is the exit drilled by the mature juvenile fish. For the fertilized eggs in the later stage of development or the empty egg shells that have hatched, there is often a crack between the two thin sheets of the rear skirt, while the front The skirt is tightly joined without splits. In addition, the outer edge of the rear skirt is straight and wider than the front skirt).

5. Measure the characteristic parts of the ray shells of each primary screen, and compare them with the reference standard. If the size of each characteristic part is consistent with the reference standard (see Table 2), it is judged to be the egg shell of the ray, and each characteristic part is measured The standards are as follows:

Total length (TL): the vertical distance between the top of the anterior horn of the eggshell and the top of the rear horn;

Extreme width (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the eggshell;

Body length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt and the back skirt of the eggshell;

Front horn length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top of the front corner of the eggshell and the outer edge of the front skirt;

Back horn length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top of the back horn of the eggshell and the outer edge of the back skirt;

Front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the eggshell front skirt;

Posterior skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt of the eggshell;

Keel width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer and inner edges of the eggshell keel;

Attachment filament distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the eggshell attachment filament.

Table 2 Measurement indicators of samples to be identified

Numbering TL(cm) MW(cm) BL(cm) AHL (cm) PHL(cm) AAL(cm) PAL(cm) LKW(cm) AFL (cm) 1 8.70 3.10 4.90 2.00 2.00 0.20 0.70 0.30 6.00 2 8.30 3.20 5.20 1.80 2.00 0.50 0.70 0.20 6.20 3 9.50 2.90 5.30 1.70 1.80 0.40 0.95 0.25 6.45 5 8.10 2.95 4.80 1.80 1.95 0.20 0.50 0.25 6.20

By comparison with Table 1, the TL, BL, PAL, and AFL indicators of sample No. 3 did not match the reference standard; the indicators of samples 1, 2, and 5 were consistent with the reference standard, and they were identified as ray shells.

Claims (1)

1. A method based on morphological identification of the fertilized eggs of the ray ray, characterized in that: get the cartilaginous fish ovum to be identified and initially screen the ray roe through morphological observation; Morphological measurements were carried out on the parts. After the measurement, the measurement results of the characteristic parts of each sample were compared with the reference standard of the ray shell, and the measured values of each characteristic part were consistent with the reference standard. The identification and identification of the sample to be tested was the egg shell produced by the ray; According to the morphological observation, the ray shell is initially screened as a bag-like structure with left-right symmetrical central uplift in the egg shell. The two sides of the shell are thickened to form a keel edge, and the keel edge extends upward and downward along the long axis of the shell to form four The end of the four corners extends along the bulging direction of the egg shell, and each corner has a respiratory slit at the end. At the same time, the two corners on the same side are connected by a skirt, that is, the first screening is a ray egg shell; The morphological characteristic parts of the ray shell are total length, extreme width, body length, front horn length, rear horn length, front skirt length, rear skirt length, keel edge width and attachment wire distance; The measurement of each feature position: Total length: the vertical distance between the top of the anterior horn of the eggshell and the top of the posterior horn; Extreme width: the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the eggshell; Body length: the vertical distance between the front and rear skirts of the eggshell; Front horn length: the vertical distance between the top of the front horn of the eggshell and the outer edge of the front skirt; Rear horn length: the vertical distance between the top of the rear horn of the egg shell and the outer edge of the rear skirt; Front skirt length: the vertical distance between the outer and inner edges of the front skirt of the eggshell; Rear skirt length: the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the eggshell rear skirt; Keel width: the horizontal distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the eggshell keel; Attachment wire distance: the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of eggshell attachment wire; The reference standard is total length: 8.50±0.49cm, extreme width: 3.00±0.22cm, body length: 4.99±0.26cm, front angle length: 1.81±0.24cm, back angle length: 1.85±0.31cm, front skirt length: 0.35±0.16cm, rear skirt length: 0.64±0.17cm, keel edge width: 0.22±0.15cm, attachment wire distance: 6.13±0.15cm.

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