CN114793988B - Morphology-based method for identifying fertilized eggs of raja porosa - Google Patents
Morphology-based method for identifying fertilized eggs of raja porosa Download PDFInfo
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- 241000039233 Okamejei kenojei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920002567 Chondroitin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N chondroitin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000229987 Okamejei Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000251737 Raja Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001415775 Rajidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251184 Rajiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
- A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of identification and monitoring of cartilaginous fish larvae and juveniles in marine organism breeding, and particularly relates to a method for identifying fertilized eggs of raja porosa based on morphology. Taking cartilaginous fish egg shells to be identified, primarily screening the ray egg shells through morphological observation, performing morphological measurement on characteristic parts of the samples primarily screened as ray egg shells, comparing the measurement result of the characteristic parts of each sample with a ray egg shell reference standard after measurement, enabling the measurement value of each characteristic part to be matched with the reference standard, and identifying the sample to be detected as the egg shell produced by the ray. The method for identifying the raja porosa species based on the morphology of the raja porosa egg shell can effectively distinguish the raja porosa species from the egg shell sample according to morphological indexes, and is suitable for simple experimental conditions such as sea investigation and the like; the method has certain reference value for the formulation of the targeted conservation measures of the cartilaginous fishes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of identification and monitoring of cartilaginous fish larvae and juvenile fish in marine organism breeding, and particularly relates to a method for identifying a skate zygote based on morphology.
Background
Torpedo (Okamejei kenojei Muller & Henle 1841), commonly known as Bombay fish, belongs to Chondrichthyes, rajiformes, rajidae, torpedo (Okamejei), commonly known as Okamejei, is mainly distributed in the western regions of the Pacific coast of the Torpedo, and is mainly distributed in the sea regions such as the Bohai sea in China. Belongs to the cold water bottom layer fish, and mainly takes organisms such as benthic crustacean as food. Ray porosa is a common economic fish in coastal areas in north China. Meanwhile, because the chondroitin is rich in components such as chondroitin and the like, the chondroitin has medicinal value; in addition, the unique physical state of the fish during swimming makes the fish become an important aquarium fish.
Compared with teleost, the teleost has the characteristics of large body type, long breeding period, slow growth of juvenile fishes and the like, so that the teleost often has huge population fluctuation when facing the change of habitat, the number of the teleost is reduced sharply in the past fifty years, and partial population is even endangered to be extinct. Wild population of raja porosa also faces the risk of germplasm degradation, and the development of the breeding and conservation work of raja porosa is increasingly urgent. How to effectively identify the larval and juvenile fish of the wild population of raja porosa, and meanwhile, avoiding the damage to the fish body caused by operations such as dissection sampling and the like becomes one of important research contents for the propagation and conservation of raja porosa.
Compared with the shark, the shell morphology of the ray is single and similar, so that the problems of confusion and the like are easy to occur in the identification of the shell morphology of the ray. Although the shape of the shell of the sea purse produced by the sea purse has a numerical difference with species specificity, and the morphological characteristics of the sea purse shell of the sea purse have been preliminarily researched, the related indications are less, and the difference between the sea purse species is difficult to distinguish. Meanwhile, due to the limited sample, the quantitative index of the morphological identification of the current ray egg shell is very limited, most researches mainly take qualitative analysis as a main part, and a lot of inconvenience is caused for morphological comparison and identification of the ray egg shell. In addition, a method for identifying the cartilage fish larvae and juvenile fish based on eggshell morphology has not been reported yet in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying a ray porosa fertilized egg simply and quickly based on morphology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for identifying a raja porosa fertilized egg based on morphology comprises the steps of primarily screening raja porosa egg shells by morphologically observing cartilaginous fish egg shells to be identified, performing morphological measurement on characteristic parts of samples primarily screened as the raja egg shells, comparing measurement results of the characteristic parts of the samples after the measurement with a raja porosa egg shell reference standard, enabling the measurement values of the characteristic parts to be matched with the reference standard, and identifying the samples to be identified as the egg shells produced by the raja porosa.
The morphology observation preliminary screening ray egg shell is a bag-shaped structure with a bilaterally symmetrical central bulge in the egg shell, two sides of the shell are thickened to form keel edges, the keel edges extend upwards and downwards along a long axis of the shell to form four corners respectively, the middle end sections of the four corners extend along the bulge direction of the egg shell, the tail end of each corner is provided with a breathing crack respectively, and meanwhile, the two corners at the same side are connected through a skirt edge, namely the preliminary screening is the ray egg shell.
The morphological characteristic parts of the raja porosa egg shell comprise the total length, the extreme width, the body length, the front corner length, the rear corner length, the front skirt side length, the rear skirt side length, the keel edge width and the attachment thread distance.
And measuring each characteristic part:
total Length (TL): the vertical distance between the anterior horn top end and the posterior horn top end of the egg shell;
very wide (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the egg shell;
body Length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt edge and the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
anterior angle length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the front angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the front skirt;
rear angle length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the rear angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the rear skirt;
front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the front skirt edge of the egg shell;
rear skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
keel edge width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the egg shell keel edge;
attachment filament distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the egg shell attachment wire.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method establishes the identification standard of the sea purse oosperm egg shell based on the morphological index of the sea purse oosperm shell, can quickly identify the sea purse oosperm, is suitable for evaluating the sea purse population in a field survey under a simple environment, and is particularly suitable for the field survey in a non-breeding season (the sea purse larval juvenile fish is hatched, and no living body sample is available in the oosperm shell). The invention has certain reference value for the evaluation of the raja porosa population and the conservation of pure germplasm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a real shell of Raja porosa.
Figure 2 is a reference diagram of the measurement standard of the shell of the konyao egg.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of ray shell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples.
The method for identifying the raja porosa species based on raja porosa eggshell morphology can effectively distinguish raja porosa species from an eggshell sample according to morphological indexes, and is suitable for simple experimental conditions such as sea-going investigation and the like; the method has certain reference value for the formulation of the targeted conservation measures of the cartilaginous fishes.
Example 1
The morphological characteristics of the raja porosa egg shell are divided into total length, extremely wide, body length, front angle length, rear angle length, front skirt side length, rear skirt side length, keel edge width and attachment filament distance, reference standards (Treloar et al, 2006) of all characteristics of the raja porosa egg shell are obtained according to the relevant research results of Treloar et al, and the reference standards are completely matched by comparing the average values measured by collecting 100 raja porosa egg shells (see figures 1-2), and the reference standards are shown in Table 1.
Total Length (TL): the vertical distance between the anterior horn top end and the posterior horn top end of the egg shell;
very broad (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the egg shell;
body Length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt edge and the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
anterior angle length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the front angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the front skirt;
posterior angle length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the rear angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the rear skirt;
front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the front skirt edge of the egg shell;
rear skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
keel edge width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the bone margin of the egg shell dragon;
attachment filament distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the egg shell attachment wire.
TABLE 1
Note: TL = total length; MW = extremely wide; BL = shell length; AHL = anterior angle length; PHL = posterior angle length; AAL = front skirt length; PAL = rear skirt length; LKW = keel edge width; AFL = attached filament spacing.
Example 2
Fast identification of sea purse egg shell in field resource investigation process:
1. and selecting 13 cartilage fish egg shell samples to be identified (numbered 1-13 in sequence), wherein all parts of the egg shell are required to be complete, and no fouling or loss exists. The attachment points at the base of the attachment filaments are clearly discernible (fig. 3).
2. Selecting the egg shell to be identified, and carrying out morphological observation and primary screening to obtain the skate egg shell:
the eggshell to be identified is mostly of a bilaterally symmetrical bag-shaped structure with a bulged central part, the two sides of the shell are thickened to form keel edges, the keel edges extend upwards and downwards along the long axis of the shell to form four corners, the middle and tail sections of the four corners extend along the bulged direction of the eggshell shell, and the tail end of each corner is provided with a respiratory fissure. Meanwhile, two corners at the same side are connected through a skirt edge (figure 2) to form ray egg shells, namely No. 1, no. 2, no. 3 and No. 5 in the sample.
Meanwhile, the angles of the shells 7, 9, 11 and 12 in the samples are mostly degenerated, the angle of the shell 6 is in a left-right asymmetric structure, and the shell 4 is in a spiral shape, so that the samples are primarily judged as shark shells.
In addition, no. 8 egg shells in the sample are spindle-shaped, keel edges on two sides of the shell are developed, and side plates are formed by extending towards two sides along the long axis direction of the shell, namely the mackerel egg shells.
3. Further, the raja egg shell primarily screened by the morphological observation is placed on a horizontal table surface, so that the breathing cracks at the top ends of four corners of the egg shell are upward (figure 3), and the embryo is prevented from being suffocated and dead due to excessive loss of water in the egg shell.
4. Distinguishing characteristic parts of the sea purse shells: the anterior and posterior ends of the shell were identified, with the location of the anterior skirt of the shell defined as the anterior end of the shell (fig. 3) and the location of the posterior skirt as the terminal end of the shell. (the back skirt of the shell of the sea purse is the outlet drilled by the mature larval and juvenile fish, the fertilized egg in the later development stage or the empty egg shell of the hatched juvenile fish, a crack is usually found between two sheets of the back skirt, and the front skirt is connected tightly without cracks.
5. Measuring the characteristic parts of the primarily screened ray shells, comparing the characteristic parts with a reference standard, and judging as ray shell shells if the sizes of the characteristic parts are consistent with the reference standard (see table 2), wherein the measurement standards of the characteristic parts are as follows:
total Length (TL): the vertical distance between the anterior horn top end and the posterior horn top end of the egg shell;
very wide (MW): the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the egg shell;
body Length (BL): the vertical distance between the front skirt edge and the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
anterior angle length (AHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the front angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the front skirt;
posterior angle length (PHL): the vertical distance between the top end of the rear angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the rear skirt;
front skirt length (AAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the front skirt edge of the egg shell;
rear skirt length (PAL): the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
keel edge width (LKW): the horizontal distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the egg shell keel edge;
filament attachment distance (AFL): the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the egg shell attachment wire.
TABLE 2 measurement indices of samples to be identified
| Numbering | TL(cm) | MW(cm) | BL(cm) | AHL(cm) | PHL(cm) | AAL(cm) | PAL(cm) | LKW(cm) | AFL(cm) |
| 1 | 8.70 | 3.10 | 4.90 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 6.00 |
| 2 | 8.30 | 3.20 | 5.20 | 1.80 | 2.00 | 0.50 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 6.20 |
| 3 | 9.50 | 2.90 | 5.30 | 1.70 | 1.80 | 0.40 | 0.95 | 0.25 | 6.45 |
| 5 | 8.10 | 2.95 | 4.80 | 1.80 | 1.95 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 6.20 |
By comparison with table 1, the TL, BL, PAL, AFL indices of sample No. 3 did not match the reference standards; 1. 2, 5, the indexes of the samples are matched with the reference standard and are identified as the shell of the Raja porosa egg.
Claims (1)
1. A morphology-based method for identifying a skate zygote is characterized by comprising the following steps: primarily screening ray egg shells by morphologically observing cartilaginous fish egg shells to be identified, performing morphological measurement on characteristic parts of the primarily screened samples of ray egg shells, comparing the measurement result of the characteristic parts of each sample with a ray egg shell reference standard after measurement, enabling the measurement value of each characteristic part to be matched with the reference standard, and identifying the sample to be detected as the egg shell produced by the ray;
the primarily screened ray eggshells through morphological observation are in a bag-shaped structure with a bilaterally symmetrical central bulge in the eggshells, two sides of the shell are thickened to form keel edges, the keel edges respectively extend upwards and downwards along a long axis of the shell to form four corners, middle end sections of the four corners extend along the bulge direction of the eggshell shell, the tail end of each corner is provided with a breathing crack, and meanwhile, the two corners at the same side are connected through a skirt edge, namely the primarily screened ray eggshells are raja-like eggshells;
the morphological characteristic parts of the raja porosa egg shell comprise the total length, the extreme width, the body length, the front corner length, the rear corner length, the front skirt side length, the rear skirt side length, the keel edge width and the attachment thread distance;
and measuring each characteristic part:
total length: the vertical distance between the anterior horn top end and the posterior horn top end of the egg shell;
extremely wide: the maximum horizontal distance between the left and right edges of the egg shell;
body length: the vertical distance between the front skirt edge and the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
the front angle is long: the vertical distance between the top end of the front angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the front skirt;
the rear angle is long: the vertical distance between the top end of the rear angle of the egg shell and the outer edge of the rear skirt;
length of front skirt side: the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the front skirt edge of the egg shell;
the rear skirt is long: the vertical distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the rear skirt edge of the egg shell;
keel edge width: the horizontal distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the egg shell keel edge;
adhesion distance: the vertical distance between the first attachment point and the third attachment point of the egg shell attachment wire;
the reference standard is the total length: 8.50 ± 0.49cm, very wide: 3.00 ± 0.22cm, body length: 4.99 ± 0.26cm, anterior angle length: 1.81 ± 0.24cm, rear angle length: 1.85 +/-0.31 cm, length of the front skirt side: 0.35 ± 0.16cm, rear skirt length: 0.64 +/-0.17 cm, keel edge width: 0.22 ± 0.15cm, attachment wire distance: 6.13 +/-0.15 cm.
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