CN114793971A

CN114793971A - Method and culture device for cultivating and ripening variegated chinaberry parents

Info

Publication number: CN114793971A
Application number: CN202210587286.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林国明; 林秋云; 李钧
Original assignee: Fujian Putian Haiyuan Industry Co ltd; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Current assignee: Fujian Putian Haiyuan Industry Co ltd; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority date: 2022-05-24
Filing date: 2022-05-24
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-24
Also published as: CN114793971B

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a culture device for cultivating and ripening a parent of tapes dorsatus, which solve the problems that the parent of tapes dorsatus is difficult to obtain a batch of gonadal ripeness parent in the artificial breeding process of tapes dorsatus, the cost is high, the controllability is poor and the like. The semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage is used for culturing the parent shellfish, the cost is low, materials are convenient to obtain, the parent shellfish is not easy to damage and can be used repeatedly, the culture device can be turned over at any time to enable the positions of the two unit net cages which are respectively positioned above and below the water surface to be exchanged, the parent shellfish cultured in the net cages can be switched over without being exposed in the air, the unit net cage units on the water surface are exposed to the sun to kill and remove fouling organisms, the net holes are prevented from being blocked, and the purpose of self-cleaning is achieved. The method can fully utilize natural baits and a proper environment of the culture pond, avoids the abortion problem of the parent shellfish caused by environmental mutation, is convenient to put in a suitable place, observe and harvest at any time, ensures that the gonads of the parent shellfish are quickly full and mature, and can obtain the parent shellfish with full and synchronously mature gonads in batches within 7 to 15 days.

Description

Method and culture device for cultivating and ripening variegated chinaberry parents

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and ripening promotion of a phyllotreta blunt-ended polyamide clam parent, in particular to a cultivation and ripening promotion method and a cultivation device of the phyllotreta blunt-ended polyamide clam parent.

Background

The mactra veneriformis (tapess dorsutus) is an embedded and inhabited marine bivalve shellfish, which is buried into silt to inhabit in natural life, mainly ingests floating and benthic algae in water, and can be cultured in large scale by artificially breeding offspring seeds. When artificial breeding is carried out, parent shellfishes need to be captured in batches, but the parent shellfishes captured in the field in the breeding period are often not mature enough or not mature synchronously, or are aborted due to environmental changes, so that the artificial breeding is difficult to carry out according to a plan, and even the production season is missed.

To cope with the above problems, 3 measures are mainly adopted at present. Firstly, the growth condition of the shellfish in the field or the culture site is tracked at any time, parent shellfish groups are collected for multiple times, the success rate of induced spawning is improved, but a large amount of parent shellfish resources and funds are consumed, time and labor are consumed, and the parent shellfish abortion caused by weather mutation often does not lead to the use of mature parent shellfish; secondly, parent scallops are transferred to indoor culture in advance until gonads mature, but management cost of water, electricity and the like is high; thirdly, parent scallops are sowed at the bottom of a proper pond, after the parent scallops grow mature, the parent scallops in silt are dug out from the pond in a draining mode, although the method utilizes the advantages of water and fertilizer and stable environment of the pond, the observation is difficult in the culture process, the survival rate is low, the parent scallops need to be captured once by draining all the parent scallops in the whole pond, otherwise, the parent scallops remaining in the pond are stimulated to be aborted, and waste is caused.

Therefore, a method for fattening and accelerating the parent shellfish to mature conveniently, efficiently and at low cost is urgently needed at present, the planning and reliability of artificial breeding of the embedded shellfish such as the varix copperleaf clams are improved, the production batch is increased, the production season of artificial breeding is prolonged, and the yield is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method and the culture device for cultivating and ripening the blunt-ended Venerupis philippinarum parents, which are convenient, efficient and low-cost parent shells are fattened and ripened, and the planning and the reliability of artificial breeding of buried-type shell such as the blunt-ended Venerupis philippinarum are improved.

In view of the above, the invention provides a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device, which is formed by relatively and tightly combining two unit net cages with consistent opening sizes through openings, wherein the unit net cages are of a rigid frame three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface, a net-shaped structure at the periphery and an opening at one side, a circle of floating strips or floats are fixed at the periphery of the edge of the opening, and the openings of the two unit net cages are oppositely bound or hinged.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the inner side of the bottom of the unit net cage is provided with an inflation tube, the inflation tube is provided with an air hole, one end of the inflation tube is provided with a connector for accessing compressed air, and the other end of the inflation tube is plugged.

Preferably, the unit net cage is a cuboid, a cube or a cylinder.

Preferably, the height of the unit net cage is 30-70 cm.

Preferably, the mesh pore diameter of the mesh structure is 0.5-4.0 cm.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of the mactra veneriformis parent, which comprises the following steps: selecting wild or cultured adult mactra veneriformis, selecting an adult with a complete and compact shell as a parent shell for ripening culture, selecting a pond with water quality and fertile water, the depth of which is more than 1 meter and the area of which is more than 2 mu, periodically fertilizing, feeding and discharging water, and culturing suitable algae bait organisms for the shellfish; the method comprises the steps of putting selected parent clams of the matsutake into a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device, binding the culture device on a floating boom in a culture pond from one side of a floating strip at the equator position, and enabling the culture device to be semi-submerged in the pond, wherein the semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device is formed by relatively and tightly combining two unit net cages with consistent opening sizes through openings, the unit net cages are of a three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface and a net structure at the periphery and a rigid frame with an opening at one side, a circle of floating strip or floater is fixed at the periphery of the edge of the opening, and the openings of the two unit net cages are relatively bound or hinged.

Preferably, the culture device is turned over every 3 to 7 days during the culture period, the unit net baskets on the water surface and under the water surface are respectively exchanged and inverted, the unit net baskets above the water surface are exposed and dried, fouling organisms can be killed and removed, and the net holes of the net cage are prevented from being blocked.

Preferably, the semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device further comprises: the inner side of the bottom of the unit net cage is provided with an inflation tube, the inflation tube is provided with an air hole, one end of the inflation tube is provided with a connector for accessing compressed air, and the other end of the inflation tube is plugged.

Preferably, the unit net cage is a cuboid, a cube or a cylinder.

Preferably, the mesh pore diameter of the mesh structure is 0.5-4.0 cm.

In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a culture device for cultivating and ripening a parent of the tapes dorsatus, which solve the problems that the parent of the sex gland of the tapes dorsatus is difficult to obtain in batches in the artificial breeding process of the tapes dorsatus, the cost is high, the controllability is poor and the like. The semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage is utilized to culture the parent shellfish, has low cost, convenient material taking, difficult damage and repeated use, can be overturned at any time to ensure that the positions of the two unit net cages which are respectively positioned above and below the water surface are exchanged, the parent shellfish cultured in the net cages can be inverted without being exposed in the air, and the unit net basket units on the water surface are exposed to the sun to kill fouling organisms, thereby preventing the net holes from being blocked and achieving the purpose of self cleaning. The method and the culture device can fully utilize natural baits of the culture pond and the proper environment, avoid the abortion problem of the parent scallops caused by the sudden change of the environment, are convenient to put in culture, observe and harvest at any time, ensure that the gonads of the parent scallops are quickly full and mature, and generally obtain the parent scallops with full and synchronously mature gonads in batches within 7 to 15 days.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a unit cage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the air-filled pipe at the bottom of the net cage as a unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device which is formed by relatively and tightly combining two unit net cages 2 with consistent opening sizes through openings, wherein each unit net cage 2 is a rigid frame three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface, a net-shaped structure 8 at the periphery and an opening 4 at one side, a circle of floating strips or floats 3 are fixed on the periphery of the edge of each opening 4, and the openings 4 of the two unit net cages are oppositely bound or hinged.

The semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device provided by the invention is suitable for open-air ponds, and by utilizing the abundant suitable single-cell algae bait and relatively stable environment of the pond, the parent shell of the mactra veneriformis can live in the water body without being drilled into silt, so that the gonad development and maturity of the parent shell of the embedded bivalve shell similar to the mactra veneriformis promoted.

The semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device further comprises: an inflation pipe 3 is arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the unit net cage 2, the inflation pipe 3 is provided with an air hole 7, one end of the inflation pipe 3 is provided with a connector 6 for accessing compressed air, and the other end is plugged. Preferably, the diameter of the inflation tube 3 is 20-25 mm, and the inflation tube 3 is provided with a row of air holes with the spacing of 20-50 mm and the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm; one end of the gas-filled pipe 3 is plugged, the other end is provided with a joint with the diameter of 8-12 mm, when compressed air is introduced into the gas-filled pipe of the underwater unit net cage, released bubbles can oxygenate the inside of the net cage, and mainly the water flow inside and outside the net cage is driven to keep continuous exchange.

The culture device is a semi-submersible self-cleaning totally-enclosed net cage, can be semi-submerged in the water surface of the pond in a floating manner, one half of the cage body is exposed above the water, and the other half of the cage body is used for culturing the parent shellfish under the water, so that the parent shellfish can obtain abundant baits. The upper bottom and the lower bottom of the culture device are respectively provided with an inflation tube 3 which is inflated with compressed air and drives the water flow inside and outside the net cage to exchange. The self-cleaning of the culture device is achieved by: the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage culture device is turned over up and down periodically, the upper part and the lower part of the water surface are reversed, and the half of the box body which is originally immersed under the water is floated out of the water surface and exposed to the sun to kill attached fouling organisms, prevent meshes from being blocked and realize self-cleaning. And the half box body on the water surface also plays a role in shading sun. Therefore, the abundant algae nutrition and water stability of the pond can be fully utilized to promote the parent shellfish to mature quickly and synchronously, and the mature parent shellfish can be harvested at any time according to a plan to carry out artificial breeding, so that the production cost is reduced, and the seedling raising efficiency is improved.

The heights (depths) of the two unit net cages forming the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage 1 are consistent or may not be consistent. The aperture of the mesh of the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage culture device is 0.5-4.0 cm.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of the mactra veneriformis parent, which comprises the following steps: selecting wild or cultured adult mactra matsutake, selecting adult with complete and compact shell as parent bivalves for ripening culture, selecting pond with water depth of more than 1 meter and area of more than 2 mu and rich water, periodically fertilizing, feeding and discharging water, and culturing algae bait organisms suitable for the bivalves; the selected parent clams of the matsutake are filled into a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device, the culture device is bound on a floating rope in the culture pond from one side of the floating strip (floater) at the equator position, so that the culture device is semi-submersible in the pond, the semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device is formed by relatively and tightly combining two unit net cages 2 with consistent opening sizes through openings, the unit net cages 2 are rigid frame three-dimensional structures with bottom surfaces and peripheries being net-shaped structures 8 and one surfaces being openings 4, a circle of the floating strip or the floater 3 is fixed on the peripheries of the edges of the openings 4, and the openings 4 of the two unit net cages are relatively bound or hinged.

Preferably, the culture device is turned over every 3 to 7 days during the culture period, the unit net baskets 2 respectively positioned on the water surface and under the water surface are exchanged and inverted, and the unit net baskets 2 above the water surface are exposed and dried, so that fouling organisms can be killed and removed, and the net holes of the net cage are prevented from being blocked.

Preferably, a plurality of semi-submersible self-cleaning net cages are sequentially tied on a straight floating boom floating on the water surface at intervals of 30-100 cm, and two ends of the floating boom are fixed on opposite dams of the pond or fixed on a pond fixture.

Managing parent shellfish in the ripening cultivation period: the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage is turned over every 3 to 7 days in the cultivation period, so that the unit net baskets 2 respectively positioned on the water surface and under the water surface are exchanged and inverted, the unit net baskets 2 above the water surface are exposed and dried, fouling organisms can be killed and removed, and the net holes of the net cage are prevented from being blocked. Under the condition of proper temperature, more than 90 percent of parent scallops can reach gonad maturity for artificial breeding through ripening cultivation for 7 to 15 days.

The open-air culture pond adopted by the invention can be a fish and shrimp culture pond or any pond cultured with proper unicellular algae bait, and the density and the water quality of the algae can be adjusted to meet the requirements of parent shellfish culture by adding water, artificially fertilizing and adding beneficial bacteria.

The unit net cage 2 can be formed by modifying a plastic basket with a proper size or a plastic net (sheet) which is made of other rigid materials and is covered with proper holes; preferably, the structure is a three-dimensional structure such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, or a terrace.

The typical dimensions of the bottom and open faces of the cellular cage 2 are preferably (30-80) cm x (30-80) cm rectangular or oval, or 40-80cm diameter circular. The height (depth) of the unit net cage 2 is 30-70 cm; the openings of the two unit net cages are jointed and then sewed by a thin rope or a hinge to form the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage 1.

According to the scheme, the method and the culture device for rapidly culturing mature gonads of the parent tapes dorsalis veneriformis provided by the invention, and the problems that batch mature parent tapes dorsalis veneriformis are difficult to obtain in the artificial breeding process of tapes dorsalis veneriformis, the cost is high, the controllability is poor and the like are solved. The semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage is utilized to culture the parent shellfish, has low cost, convenient material taking, difficult damage and repeated use, can be overturned at any time to ensure that the positions of the two unit net cages which are respectively positioned above and below the water surface are exchanged, the parent shellfish cultured in the net cages can be inverted without being exposed in the air, and the unit net basket units on the water surface are exposed to the sun to kill fouling organisms, thereby preventing the net holes from being blocked and achieving the purpose of self cleaning. The method and the culture device can fully utilize natural baits of the culture pond and the proper environment, avoid the abortion problem of the parent scallops caused by the sudden change of the environment, are convenient to put in culture, observe and harvest at any time, ensure that the gonads of the parent scallops are quickly full and mature, and generally obtain the parent scallops with full and synchronously mature gonads in batches within 7 to 15 days.

For further understanding of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

The raw materials adopted in the embodiment of the invention are all commercially available.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the cultivation device adopted in this embodiment is a two-in-one semi-submersible self-cleaning closed net cage, and the cultivation device is formed by butt-joining two unit net cages 2 with identical structures through respective net openings 4; the bottom surface and the periphery of the unit net cage 2 are of a net structure and mesh openings 8, one surface of the unit net cage is of a three-dimensional structure of a net opening 4, a circle of foam floating strip or floater 5 is fixed on the periphery of the edge position of the net opening 4, and the inner side of the bottom of the unit net cage 2 is provided with an inflation pipe 3 with the diameter of 20-25 mm; the gas-filled tube 3 is provided with a row of air holes with the spacing of 20-50 mm and the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm; one end of the gas-filled pipe 3 is plugged, and the other end is provided with a joint with the diameter of 8-12 mm, when compressed air is introduced into the gas-filled pipe of the underwater unit net cage, the released bubbles can oxygenate the inside of the net cage, and mainly the water flow inside and outside the net cage is driven to keep continuous exchange. The openings of the two unit net cages 2 are butted and closely combined to form a closed integral net cage through binding or hinging, and floating strips (floaters) of the culture device of the integral net cage are concentrated at the position of an equator after assembly, so that the integral net cage is semi-submerged and semi-floating above and below the water surface to form the integral semi-submerged self-cleaning net cage.

The invention can directly put the blunt-decorated parent clams and the similar buried clam parent clams into the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage, and the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage is put into a pond with rich baits and stable environment to culture and promote the synchronous development of the gonads of the parent clams without scattering the parent clams into the sediment at the bottom of the pond.

Example 2

Culturing and proliferating natural high-quality unicellular algae as shellfish bait in open-air culture pond (capable of polyculturing fishes, shrimps and the like).

When in use, 3-5 kg of parent shellfish is placed in one unit net cage, then the other unit net cage is turned over to align with the opening of the unit net cage with the parent shellfish, a thin rope or a binding belt is used for binding and fastening along the periphery of the butted opening to form an integral closed net cage, and one side of a middle floating strip (floater) of the culture device is bound and tied on a floating boom tightly attached to the water surface by the binding belt; the boom rope can be fixed in the pond at two ends according to the size of the pond.

Firstly, selecting parent shellfish of shellfish needing gonad maturation promotion culture, selecting 2-3 kilograms of non-damaged and disease-free parent shellfish to be placed in the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage culture device, wherein the mesh of the culture device is 1-2cm, which is favorable for water permeability, placing the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage containing the parent shellfish into a selected culture pond, sequentially binding one side of the net cage on a polyethylene floating rope tightly attached to the water surface by plastic ties at intervals of 50 cm, and fixing the floating rope at two ends of the net cage culture device to prevent the net cage culture device from floating freely; compressed air is accessed to the gas filling pipe of the underwater unit net cage of each culture device; observing the water color change at any time during the parent shellfish cultivation period, and timely fertilizing water and changing water to keep the pond water 'fat, tender, cool and alive'; checking the living state of parent shellfish every day, and timely removing injured individuals; turning the semi-submersible self-cleaning net cage 1 up and down by taking a floating boom as an axis every 5 days, so that the unit net cage 2 which originally floats above the water surface is immersed into the water and is connected with compressed air, meanwhile, turning the unit net cage 2 which originally floats below the water surface above the water surface and is connected with the compressed air, and the parent shellfish in the culture device automatically slides into the unit below the water to avoid the irritation of the dry dew; the unit net cage 2 on the water surface is exposed to the sun, attached fouling organisms are killed and fall off, self-cleaning is realized, and the meshes are prevented from being blocked; after about 10 days of culture, the gonads of the parent shells can mature synchronously, and the purpose of mass spawning induction is achieved.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device is characterized in that two unit net cages with consistent opening sizes are combined relatively and tightly through openings, each unit net cage is a rigid frame three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface, a net-shaped structure at the periphery and an opening at one side, a circle of floating strips or floats are fixed on the periphery of the edge of each opening, and the openings of the two unit net cages are bound relatively or hinged.

2. The semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device of claim 1, further comprising:

the inner side of the bottom of the unit net cage is provided with an inflation tube, the inflation tube is provided with an air hole, one end of the inflation tube is provided with a connector for accessing compressed air, and the other end of the inflation tube is plugged.

3. The semi-submersible self-cleaning cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the unit net cage is a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube or a cylinder.

4. The semi-submersible self-cleaning cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the height of the unit net cage is 30-70 cm.

5. The semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device of claim 1 wherein the mesh pore size of the mesh structure is 0.5-4.0 cm.

6. A method for cultivating and ripening a mactra veneriformis parent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting wild or cultured adult mactra veneriformis, selecting an adult with a complete and compact shell as a parent shell for ripening culture, selecting a pond with water quality and fertile water, the depth of which is more than 1 meter and the area of which is more than 2 mu, periodically fertilizing, feeding and discharging water, and culturing suitable algae bait organisms for the shellfish;

the selected parent clams of the mactra veneriformis are put into a semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device, the culture device is bound on a floating boom in the culture pond from one side of the floating boom at the equator position, so that the culture device is semi-floated and semi-submerged in the pond,

the semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device is formed by relatively and tightly combining two unit net cages with consistent opening sizes through openings, wherein the unit net cages are of a three-dimensional structure with a bottom surface, a net-shaped structure at the periphery and an open rigid frame at one side, a circle of floating strip or floater is fixed at the periphery of the edge of each opening, and the openings of the two unit net cages are oppositely bound or hinged.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cultivation apparatus is turned upside down every 3 to 7 days during the cultivation period, the unit net baskets on the water surface and under the water surface are alternately turned upside down, and the unit net baskets above the water surface are exposed to the sun and the dew, so that the fouling organisms can be killed and removed, and the net holes of the net cage can be prevented from being blocked.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the semi-submersible self-cleaning culture device further comprises:

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the unit cage is a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the mesh structure has a mesh pore size of 0.5-4.0 cm.