CN114793883A - Breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793883A CN114793883A CN202210553595.8A CN202210553595A CN114793883A CN 114793883 A CN114793883 A CN 114793883A CN 202210553595 A CN202210553595 A CN 202210553595A CN 114793883 A CN114793883 A CN 114793883A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice, which takes three crisp fragrant japonica rice as female parent and Zheda black rice as male parent to obtain F through hybridization 1 Generation; with F 1 The generation is a male parent, the three crisp fragrant japonica rice is a female parent, and selfing is carried out after backcross; firstly, selecting and reserving single plants with color and brittleness; selecting and reserving homozygous excellent single plants of which the straws have low vitamin content and the leaves and the straws are colored and fragile; then, selecting and reserving a new strain with high yield of both biomass and paddy rice, high anthocyanin content in the straws, high yield, high quality and disease resistance, and colored and brittle leaves and straws; finally obtaining the nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice. The nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice bred by the invention is suitable for industrial fusion and agricultural travel fusion of dual-purpose rice and straw power-assisted green rice breeding and clean breeding, meanwhile, the straw is rich in anthocyanin and high in nutritional digestibility, is suitable for being used as a natural and healthy feed additive, is beneficial to healthy meat brand construction, and is greatly beneficial to health and industry thriving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice.
Background
The straw burning can pollute the environment, and the straw is naturally degraded into fertilizer in the field, so that the method is an environment-friendly recycling mode. However, the straw of the common rice has strong toughness, is difficult to break and crush, has high cellulose content and slow degradation speed, and can influence the planting of the next crop.
The new variety of crisp rice, namely the stalks, the leaves and the rice ears, has the characteristics of reducing the cellulose content and increasing the hemicellulose. Because the rice has no brittleness in the seedling stage, the rice gradually becomes crisp after flowering and maturing, and the influence on the yield and the quality is small. The straws of the crisp rice can be easily crushed and have short length after being cut by a common harvester, are more convenient to naturally degrade, are easy to chew and digest, have relatively improved nutritive value, can be used as novel feed or feed additive for ruminants such as cattle, sheep and the like, and are beneficial to developing livestock breeding with high-end requirements.
The crisp rice has the dual-purpose functions of rice and straw besides the special purpose of the straw, the rice can be eaten, and if the crisp rice is combined with high-quality special rice, the planting benefit can be improved and the breeding function can be expanded.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for breeding nutritional crisp rice with fragrance, high quality and delicious taste, and crisp and nutrient-rich straw, so as to realize the organic integration of high-quality rice planting and clean cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice, and the fragrant rice with high quality rice and black and brittle straw cultivated by the method is particularly suitable for being used as dual-purpose rice with rice and straw.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice comprises the following steps:
(1) hybridizing the three crisp fragrant japonica rice seeds serving as female parent and the Zheda black pearl rice serving as male parent to obtain F 1 Generation; and then F 1 Backcrossing with the generation as male parent and the three crisp fragrant japonica rice as female parent to obtain BCnF 1 Generation; BCnF 1 Selfing for generation and harvesting BCnF 2 Seed generation;
(2) BCnF is planted 2 Directly seeding and raising seedlings, and selecting and transplanting single plants with color leaves to a field; during maturation, identifying the color and brittleness of the straw, selecting and reserving the straw as a good single plant with color and brittleness, and obtaining BCnF 3 Seed generation;
(3) BCnF is planted 3 Directly seeding and raising seedlings, and selecting and reserving homozygous plant lines with colorful leaves in the plant lines for planting; at maturity, identifying the strawThe stability of brittleness is determined, the cellulose content in the straws is measured, homozygous excellent single plants with low cellulose content, colorful and brittle leaves and straws are selected and reserved to obtain BCnF 4 Seed generation;
(4) BCnF implant 4 And identifying the biomass and the rice yield of the rice, selecting and reserving a new strain with high biomass and rice yield, colored leaves and straws and brittleness to obtain BCnF 5 Seed generation;
(5) BCnF is planted 5 And identifying the anthocyanin content in the straws, selecting and reserving a new strain with high anthocyanin content in the straws, colored leaves and the straws and brittleness to obtain BCnF 6 Seed generation;
(6) BCnF is planted 6 Performing multi-point test for identifying the disease resistance and quality of rice, selecting and reserving new lines with high yield, high quality, disease resistance, color leaves and straws and brittleness, and obtaining BCnF 7 Seed generation;
(7) BCnF is planted 7 And constructing a seed breeding system, and finally selecting the high-yield and high-quality disease-resistant nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice with colored leaves and straws and brittleness.
The three-crispy fragrant japonica rice is a new stalk-brittle rice variety bred by mutagenizing first-class high-quality fragrant type fragrant japonica rice (application plant variety right protection application number: 20201006945)) at Zhejiang university, and applies for new plant variety right protection to agricultural rural areas (application number: 20221001606).
Zhejiang Heizian is a special variety of colored rice suitable for creative agricultural development and bred by Zhejiang university, and applies for new plant variety protection to the agricultural rural department (application number: 20191005638).
Further, in the step (1), backcrossing is performed for n times, wherein n is more than or equal to 3.
Further, in the steps (2) to (7), the judgment standard of the brittleness is that the cellulose content is less than or equal to 30%; the colors are various other colors that are significantly different from the conventional green color.
Further, in the step (4), the judgment criteria for high yield of both biomass and rice yield are as follows: the yield of fresh straws is more than or equal to 3000 kg/mu, and the yield of paddy is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (5), the judgment standard for high anthocyanin content is that the anthocyanin content in the straw is more than or equal to 0.5 mg/g.dw.
Further, in the step (6), the judgment standard of high yield, high quality and disease resistance is that the rice yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the rice eating quality reaches the ministry promulgated level, and the rice blast and the leaf blight are in the middle or below.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice bred by the invention has rice fragrance, high quality, black leaves and crisp straws, is suitable for industrial integration of dual-purpose power-assisted green rice planting of rice and straw and clean cultivation, has stronger ornamental value, and is suitable for agricultural and tourism integration.
(2) The nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice obtained by the invention takes three crispy fragrant japonica rice as female parent, requires backcross for more than 3 times, obviously improves the success rate of the core breeding target of the crisp rice, and can keep the outstanding advantages of primary high quality and fragrance of the parent as far as possible, thereby realizing the expectation of dual purposes of rice and straw.
(3) BCnF of the invention 2 Generation and BCnF 3 Instead, the simple direct seeding seedling raising is adopted, the characteristics of full consideration and easy and visual color of the leaves are achieved, and the method has the outstanding advantages of remarkably improving the selection efficiency and saving labor and cost.
(4) The nutritional dual-purpose crispy rice bred by the invention has the advantages that the straws are rich in health-care anthocyanin, and the straw is used as a natural and healthy feed additive, so that the construction of healthy meat brands is facilitated, and the quality improvement and the efficiency increase are greatly assisted, so that the health and the industry are prosperous.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 genetic analysis of straw brittleness in Sanyicui fragrant round-grained nonglutinous rice, leaf color in Zheda black pearl and straw purplish black color
Preparing a positive and negative cross hybridization combination of three crisp fragrant japonica rice, wild Zheda round fragrant japonica rice and Zheda black pearl, and observing and identifying the combination: the straws of the positive and negative cross combination prepared by the three crisp fragrant japonica rice are not brittle, which shows that the brittleness is recessive inheritance, so that the success rate of breeding selection is increased in a breeding group with less cost saving, and the straws are more appropriate and reasonable as backcross parents;
the leaf color and the straw of the positive and negative cross combination prepared from Zheda black powder are both light purple black, which shows that the positive and negative cross combination is semi-dominant inheritance, and the positive and negative cross combination is used as a male parent for hybridization backcross, so that the true and false can be easily distinguished, and meanwhile, the leaf color, the straw color, the rice glume and the brown rice color in the material with the specific genetic background have close relevance, so that an indirect means is provided for selecting the straw color, the rice glume and the brown rice color, and the method is very favorable for breeding and obtaining the nutritional rice with purple black brown rice.
TABLE 1 genetic expression analysis of straw brittleness in three brittle and fragrant japonica and leaf color and straw purplish black color in Zheda black pearl
Example 2 three-crisp fragrant japonica and Zheda black pearl two-feature rice hybrid backcross breeding nutritious dual-purpose crisp rice
Three-easy-crisp fragrant rice is a new variety of stem-brittle rice bred from first-class high-quality fragrant japonica rice Zhe Dayuan fragrant rice (application number: 20201006945 for plant variety right protection) by cooperation of three-easy-ecological agricultural science and technology Limited company in Quzhou city and Zhejiang university, and has applied for plant new variety right protection (application number: 20221001606) to the agricultural rural department. The variety has normal and green leaf color, green straw color, 0.11mg/g anthocyanin, straw brittleness, 24.6 percent dietary fiber content, first-class promulgated quality, elegant fragrance and 15.6 percent amylose content, and can be purchased from Sanyi ecological agriculture science and technology Limited company in Quzhou city or the nuclear agriculture science research institute in Zhejiang university.
Zhejiang Heizian is a new special variety of colored rice suitable for creative agricultural development and bred by Zhejiang university, and applies for new plant variety protection to the agricultural rural department (application number: 20191005638). The variety has purple black leaf color, purple black straw color, 0.52mg/g anthocyanin, normal straw hardness, 38.5 percent dietary fiber content, first-class promulgated quality department and 0.5 percent amylose, and can be purchased from nuclear agriculture scientific institute of Zhejiang university.
A method for breeding nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) hybridizing the three crisp fragrant japonica rice seeds serving as female parent and the Zheda black pearl rice serving as male parent to obtain F 1 Generation; and then F 1 Backcrossing 3 times to obtain BC 3 F 1 Generation, BC 3 F 1 Selfing for generation and harvesting BC 3 F 2 1200 seeds are used;
(2)BC 3 F 2 directly seeding and raising seedlings, selecting 87 single color leaves and transplanting to a field; when the straws are mature, whether the straws are brittle or not and the color of the straws are firstly identified, and good individual plants with colored and brittle straws are selected and retained to obtain BC 2 F 3 31 generation seeds;
(3)BC 3 F 3 directly sowing and raising seedlings, selecting and reserving 19 plants with color homozygous leaves in the strain, identifying the brittleness and stability of the straws when the plants are mature, measuring the cellulose content in the straws, and selecting and reserving 16 homozygous leaves with the cellulose content of less than or equal to 30 percent and 16 excellent single plants with color and brittleness of the straws;
(4)BC 3 F 4 identifying the biological yield and the paddy yield of rice, selecting leaves with the fresh straw yield of more than or equal to 3000 kg/mu and the paddy yield of more than or equal to 450 kg/mu and 11 new lines with colored and fragile straws;
(5)BC 3 F 5 identifying the anthocyanin content and the rice quality in the straws, selecting and reserving 8 new lines with anthocyanin content more than or equal to 0.5mg/g.dw and rice eating quality reaching the ministerial first-grade leaves and straws being colorful and brittle;
(6)BC 3 F 6 performing multi-point test, identifying the disease resistance of the rice, selecting and reserving 2 colorful and brittle high-yield and high-quality disease-resistant leaves and straws with the rice blast and the leaf blight being neutral or less;
(7)BC 3 F 7 and constructing a seed breeding system, wherein the yield of the finally selected fresh straws is more than or equal to 3000 kg, the rice yield is more than or equal to 450 kg, the anthocyanin content is more than or equal to 0.5mg/g.dw, and the edible quality of the riceThe black and brittle nutrition dual-purpose rice with 1 leaf and straw which are capable of resisting rice blast and leaf blight and reach the first grade issued by Ministry is temporarily named as 'three easy to become black and brittle'.
The comparison of the index properties of the leaf color, straw color, anthocyanin, cellulose content, fresh straw yield, rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice quality and amylose content of each variety is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 2 index character comparison of three crisp fragrant japonica and Zhejiang silver color rice and bred nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice
Three frangibility points represent a very significant difference in the level of 0.05 from each parent
The measurement method of each index in table 2 is as follows: leaf color, straw color, plant height, straw yield and rice yield: national rice variety test observation records items, methods and standards (trial); anthocyanins: GB/T22244-2008; cellulose: AOAC 991.43; rice blast: DB 22-T2389-2018; bacterial leaf blight: GB/T28078-2011; polished rice rate, rice quality and amylose content: NY/T593-.
Through combined evaluation and identification, the 'three-easy-black-crisp' phenotype of the bred nutritional dual-purpose rice is purple black leaves, purple black straws, 0.79mg/g anthocyanin, 101cm plant height, 3350 kg/mu straw yield, 463 kg/mu rice yield, rice blast infection, bacterial leaf blight resistance, rice quality which reaches the ministry promulgated level, fragrance, 60.2 percent of the whole rice rate and 12.5 percent of amylose.
Compared with the three-fragile fragrant japonica rice and Zheda black pearl of the parent, the three-fragile fragrant black pearl gives consideration to the advantages of the parent, the purple black leaves, rice blast feeling, bacterial leaf blight resistance, rice quality which reaches the ministry of ministry, fragrance and the like are similar to those of the parents, the planting density can be effectively improved along with the obvious reduction of the plant height (101 cm), the straw yield and the rice yield respectively reach 3350 kg/mu and 463 kg/mu, the biological yield and the rice yield are obviously increased, and the lodging resistance is stronger; in addition, the rice-refining rate (70.3%) is higher, which is beneficial to increasing the rice yield, and the amylose content is 12.5%, which is typical soft fragrant rice, is more suitable for urban consumers, and the two properties exceed the breeding expectation, and are beneficial to quality improvement and efficiency improvement.
In addition, the purple black straw can be enjoyed at multiple angles, and is also favorable for better realizing the integration of agriculture and travel; more significantly, the corresponding anthocyanins (0.79mg/g) were significantly better than the parents. The anthocyanin belongs to plant nutrients of bioflavonoids, has strong free radical scavenging capacity and oxidation resistance, is used as a feed additive, provides important health care functions for healthy cultivation of cultivated animals, contributes to the flourishing of healthy meat brand construction and power-assisted industry, is probably purple black with leaves and straws, is relatively tender, has the cellulose content in the straws which is obviously lower than that of parents, and can obviously improve the nutrient absorption and digestion rate of the cultivated animals. The invention is the two-layer significance of the application of the invention, namely nutrition, including the extremely remarkable increase of special health-care nutrient components anthocyanin and the advantage of high nutrient digestibility due to the obviously lower cellulose content.
Therefore, the 'three-easy-to-black-crisp' rice selected by the invention has the advantages of high quality, black leaves and straws and crisp straws, is suitable for industrial fusion of dual-purpose power-assisted green rice planting and clean cultivation of rice and straws, has stronger ornamental value, is suitable for agricultural and tourism fusion, is rich in health-care anthocyanin and high in nutrient digestibility, is more suitable for being used as a natural and healthy feed additive, is beneficial to the construction of healthy meat brands, and is greatly beneficial to health and industry growth.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing the three crisp fragrant japonica rice seeds serving as female parent and the Zheda black pearl rice serving as male parent to obtain F 1 Generation; and then F 1 Backcrossing with the generation as male parent and the three crisp fragrant japonica rice as female parent to obtain BCnF 1 Generation;BCnF 1 selfing for generation and harvesting BCnF 2 Seed generation;
(2) BCnF is planted 2 Directly seeding and raising seedlings, and selecting and transplanting single plants with color leaves to a field; during maturation, identifying the color and brittleness of the straw, selecting and reserving the straw as a good single plant with color and brittleness, and obtaining BCnF 3 Seed generation;
(3) BCnF is planted 3 Directly seeding and raising seedlings, and selecting and reserving homozygous plant lines with colorful leaves in the plant lines for planting; during maturation, identifying the brittleness stability of the straws, determining the cellulose content in the straws, selecting and reserving homozygous excellent single plants with low cellulose content, colored blades and straws and brittleness to obtain BCnF 4 Seed generation;
(4) BCnF is planted 4 And identifying the biomass and the rice yield of the rice, selecting and reserving a new strain with high biomass and rice yield, colored leaves and straws and brittleness to obtain BCnF 5 Seed generation;
(5) BCnF is planted 5 And identifying the anthocyanin content in the straws, selecting and reserving a new strain with high anthocyanin content in the straws, colored leaves and the straws and brittleness to obtain BCnF 6 Seed generation;
(6) BCnF is planted 6 Performing multi-point test for identifying the disease resistance and quality of rice, selecting and reserving new lines with high yield, high quality, disease resistance, color leaves and straws and brittleness, and obtaining BCnF 7 Seed generation;
(7) BCnF is planted 7 And constructing a seed breeding system, and finally selecting the high-yield and high-quality disease-resistant nutritional dual-purpose crisp rice with colored leaves and straws and brittleness.
2. The method for breeding crisp rice with dual purposes of nutrition as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), backcrossing is carried out n times, wherein n is more than or equal to 3.
3. A method for selectively breeding nutritional crisp rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) to (7), the criterion of brittleness is that the cellulose content is less than or equal to 30%.
4. The method for breeding nutritional crisp rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the judgment criteria for high yield of both biomass and rice yield are as follows: the yield of fresh straws is more than or equal to 3000 kg/mu, and the yield of paddy is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu.
5. The method for breeding crispy rice capable of supplying nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the judgment criterion of high anthocyanin content is that the anthocyanin content in the straw is not less than 0.5 mg/g.dw.
6. The method for breeding crisp rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the criteria for judging high yield, high quality and disease resistance in step (6) are that the rice yield is more than or equal to 450 kg/mu, the rice eating quality reaches the ministry promulgated level, and the rice blast and the leaf blight are in the same sense or less.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116982550A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-03 | 浙江大学 | Breeding method of zinc-iron composite nutrition type rice |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116982550A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-03 | 浙江大学 | Breeding method of zinc-iron composite nutrition type rice |
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