CN114791669A - Large-size achromatic super-surface lens and design method and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Large-size achromatic super-surface lens and design method and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-size achromatic super-surface lens and a design method and a manufacturing method thereof. The design method comprises the following steps: obtaining an output picture of the training picture after imaging of the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed; obtaining a point spread function of the super-surface lens to be designed based on optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed; designing a convolutional neural network model according to the point spread function, and performing non-blind deconvolution image processing on an output picture by using the convolutional neural network model to obtain a recovered picture; and updating the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the difference between the recovery picture and the training picture. The lens to be designed is divided into a plurality of small design areas, the optical parameters of each design area are updated and optimized by adopting a deep learning method, the problem of complex phase dispersion space caused by the increase of the size of the lens is solved, and the design difficulty of the super-surface lens is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical design, and particularly relates to a large-size achromatic super-surface lens and a design method and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The super-structured surface is an artificial micro-structure two-dimensional array plane formed by periodic or non-periodic arrangement of sub-wavelength units. The light field regulation can be flexibly realized by designing the shape, the size and the arrangement mode of the structural units in the super-structure surface, and brand new physical phenomena and application are brought. At present, the traditional optical medium lens is based on natural materials and the traditional catadioptric law, and the modulation of the wave front of light waves is realized based on a curved surface type, so that the problems of single function, large volume and weight and the like exist, and the structure of an optical system is complex. The control capability of the super-structure surface to the light field is utilized, the unit structure of the super-surface lens is specially designed, the phase surface of incident light waves can be controlled, the functions which cannot be realized by the traditional medium lens are realized, and the volume and the weight of the detection imaging optical system are reduced.
The focusing function of the lens is realized, the incident plane wave needs to be converted into spherical wave, and based on the property of equal optical path in the Fermat principle, the phase position required to be compensated by the super-surface lens needs to meet hyperbolic phase distribution. The design of the super-surface lens can be realized by designing a specific sub-wavelength unit structure, carrying out simulation calculation on the unit structure based on a time domain finite difference/strict coupled wave method, establishing a unit structure phase database, and carrying out spatial arrangement on the unit structure based on a hyperbolic phase. The super-surface lens in the design scheme can realize excellent light convergence capacity under the target wavelength, but lacks correction on phase dispersion, cannot realize effective regulation and control on a broadband light source, causes serious chromatic aberration in practical application, and reduces imaging performance. The existing design scheme of the achromatic super surface lens has methods such as space multiplexing, multilayer super surface combination, phase dispersion engineering and the like, and the achromatic super surface lens based on the method can realize simultaneous and independent regulation and control of phase and dispersion and better solve the problem of chromatic aberration of the lens.
There are problems with achromatic super-surface lenses based on current designs. For example, similar to the design principle of a conventional bulk lens set, a multi-wavelength achromatic super-surface lens based on a multi-layer super-surface combination realizes phase control on a target wavelength and accurate dispersion control on a specific wavelength, such as dispersion control on three colors of visible light RGB, by combining the multi-layer super-surface, but the scheme has the problems of high difficulty in lens preparation and the like. The phase of the achromatic super-surface lens regulated and controlled based on the phase dispersion engineering is divided into a basic phase irrelevant to the wavelength and a dispersion phase relevant to the wavelength, and the achromatization of broadband continuous wavelength is realized by utilizing the principles of a geometric phase and a transmission phase.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: how to reduce the difficulty of designing the achromatic super-surface lens in a large size.
(II) the technical scheme adopted by the invention
A method of designing a large-size achromatic super-surface lens, said method comprising:
obtaining an output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed;
obtaining a point spread function of the super-surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed;
designing a convolutional neural network model according to the point spread function, and carrying out non-blind deconvolution on the output picture by using the convolutional neural network model to obtain a recovered picture;
and updating the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the difference between the recovery picture and the training picture.
Preferably, each region of the super-surface lens to be designed includes a circle center region and a plurality of concentric circular ring regions sequentially extending from the circle center region to the outside, and the optical parameters include spatial parameters and initial phases.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps:
and simulating the imaging process of the super-surface lens to be designed on the training picture according to the training picture and the optical parameters to obtain the output picture.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the optical parameters;
and imaging the training picture according to the lens sample to obtain the output picture.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the point spread function of the super surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps:
according to the optical parameter simulation calculation, obtaining the light intensity distribution on the focal plane of the super-surface lens to be designed when a point light source irradiates the super-surface lens to be designed;
and calculating to obtain the point spread function according to the light intensity distribution.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the point spread function of the super surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the optical parameters;
and (4) irradiating the lens sample by using a point light source, and measuring to obtain the point spread function.
Preferably, the method for updating the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the recovery picture and the training picture comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain a loss function value according to the recovery picture and the training picture;
reversely updating the weight parameters of the convolutional neural network model according to the loss function values;
updating the point spread function according to the updated weight parameter of the convolutional neural network model;
and updating the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the updated point spread function.
The application also discloses a manufacturing method of the large-size achromatic super-surface lens, which comprises the following steps:
updating optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be manufactured for multiple times by adopting a design method of a large-size achromatic super-surface lens to obtain optimized optical parameters;
and manufacturing the super-surface lens according to the optimized optical parameters.
The application also discloses a large-size achromatic super-surface lens which is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing method.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention discloses a large-size achromatic super-surface lens and a design method and a manufacturing method thereof, and compared with the prior art, the large-size achromatic super-surface lens has the following technical effects:
the lens to be designed is divided into a plurality of small design areas, and the optical parameters of each design area are updated and optimized by adopting a deep learning method, so that the problem of complex phase dispersion space caused by the increase of the size of the lens can be solved, and the design difficulty of the super-surface lens can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a large-size achromatic super-surface lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of dividing N regions of a super-surface lens to be designed according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating superposition of complex amplitudes of electromagnetic waves in N regions according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental process of imaging a training image by a super-surface lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental measurement process of a point spread function of a super-surface lens according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Before describing in detail the various embodiments of the present application, the technical idea of the present application is first briefly described: in the prior art, the problems of size limitation, high manufacturing difficulty and the like exist when the super-surface lens is designed and manufactured, so that the design method of the large-size achromatic super-surface lens provided by the application divides the lens to be designed into a plurality of small design areas, and updates and optimizes optical parameters of each design area by adopting a deep learning method, so that the problem of complex phase dispersion space caused by the increase of the size of the lens can be solved, and the design difficulty of the super-surface lens can be reduced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the method for designing a large-size achromatic super-surface lens in the first embodiment includes the following steps:
s10, obtaining an output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed;
step S20, obtaining a point spread function of the super-surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed;
step S30, designing a convolutional neural network model according to the point spread function, and performing non-blind deconvolution on the output picture by using the convolutional neural network model to obtain a recovered picture;
and step S50, updating the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the difference between the recovery picture and the training picture.
Specifically, in step S10, as shown in fig. 2, the super surface lens to be designed is divided into N regions, which are a circle center region located at the center and a plurality of concentric circular ring regions sequentially extending outward from the circle center region. The optical parameters of each region include a spatial parameter and an initial phase. The spatial parameters of the N regions are: region 1, r ∈ (0, r) 1 ]Region 2, r ∈ (r) 1 ,r 2 ]… region N, r e (r) N-1 ,r N ]By designing the dispersion phase in each design region and utilizing the regulation and control capability of the super-surface to the phase, the incident plane wave is converted into the spherical wave, and because N different regions exist, the scattered light penetrating through the super-surface lens can be divided into N spherical waves.
As shown in FIG. 3, in region 1, the incident plane wave is converted into a spherical wave and converged at the focal point, and the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic wave at the focal point is
Wherein
In region 2, the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic wave at the focal point is
Phase discontinuities at the boundaries of region 1 and region 2
In the region N, the complex amplitude of the electromagnetic wave at the focal point is
Phase discontinuities at region N-1 and region N boundary
Based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle, the total complex amplitude at the focus is the complex amplitude in region 1 to region N
Coherent superposition. The super-surface lens is divided into a plurality of sub-areas, the optical wave complex amplitudes from different areas on the focal plane are subjected to coherent superposition, the optimal distribution of the electric field intensity at the focal plane of the super-surface lens is realized, and the focusing efficiency equivalent to that in the design method in the prior art can be achieved.
The incident plane wave is a composite light containing three different frequencies, and the angular frequencies of the three discrete light waves are omega respectively 1 ,ω 2 ,ω 3 Splitting the hyper-surface lens transmission phase at different angular frequencies in each region into a base phase related to a spatial parameter
And initial phase independent of spatial parameters
Wherein j is equal to [1, N ]]，ω i ∈[ω 1 ,ω 2 ,ω 3 ]. By varying the initial phase of different angular frequencies in each region
Based on the precise matching between the transmission phase of the unit structure in the database and the transmission phase of the super-surface lens, the spatial optimal arrangement of the unit structure is realized. By utilizing the coherent superposition property of the electromagnetic field and based on the independent regulation and control of the regional dispersion space, light waves with different angular frequencies can be incident on the same focus, and the large-size achromatic super-surface lens is realized. Therefore, by determining the spatial parameters and the initial phases of the regions of the super-surface lens to be designed in advance, the large-size achromatic super-surface lens can be manufactured according to the spatial parameters and the initial phases. In the first embodiment, a deep learning method is adoptedTo derive spatial parameters and initial phase.
In step S10, two methods, namely an experimental method and a simulation method, may be used to obtain an output picture of the training picture after being imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed. The experimental method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 4, firstly, a lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed is made according to the optical parameters for the optical parameters of each region, the training picture is a picture obtained by shooting a traditional high-definition bulk lens, the training picture is displayed through a display, picture information on the display is received through the lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed, a 4F system is used as a transfer device to expand a light beam, then a detector collects image information, finally, image data collected by the detector is transmitted to a computer to obtain an output picture, and at this time, a group of training data, namely the training picture and the output picture, is formed. The simulation method comprises the following steps: firstly, initializing optical parameters of each area, and simulating the imaging process of the super-surface lens to be designed on a training picture according to the training picture and the optical parameters to obtain an output picture.
In step S20, two methods may be adopted to obtain the point spread function of the super surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super surface lens to be designed, which are a simulation calculation method and an experimental measurement method, respectively.
During simulation calculation, a point light source is directly simulated to irradiate the super-surface lens to be designed based on optical parameters, then the light intensity distribution on the focal plane of the super-surface lens to be designed is calculated, and then the corresponding Point Spread Function (PSF) can be calculated according to the light intensity distribution. The spatial parameters and the initial phase of the super-surface lens influence the near-field complex amplitude distribution of the super-surface lens, and different spatial parameters cause the arrangement of unit structures in the super-surface lens to be different. Illustratively, the corresponding point spread function is calculated from the light intensity distribution using an angular spectrum propagation method.
During experimental measurement, as shown in fig. 5, a super-surface lens sample of a super-surface lens to be designed is manufactured according to optical parameters, then an optical measurement device composed of a point light source, the super-surface lens sample, a 4F system, a detector and a computer is built, after the point light source irradiates the super-surface lens sample, the 4F system is used as a transfer device to expand light beams, then the detector collects light intensity information, finally the light intensity information collected by the detector is transmitted to the computer, and the computer outputs a point spread function.
In step 30, a convolutional neural network model is designed according to a point spread function, the point spread function mainly affects the convolutional kernel of the convolutional neural network model, and then the convolutional neural network model is subjected to non-blind deconvolution on an output picture to obtain a recovery picture. The basic process of non-blind deconvolution is shown as follows:
g(x,y)＝f(x,y)*PSF(x,y)+n(x,y)
wherein f (x, y) is the input picture obtained in step 10, g (x, y) is the recovery picture, PSF (x, y) is the convolution kernel of the convolution neural network model, n (x, y) is the system noise, and the system noise can be simulated by gaussian noise.
Because the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens have differentiable relation with the point spread function, the change of the optical parameters can cause the change of the point spread function, the change of the point spread function can influence the non-blind deconvolution process of the convolution neural network model, so that different recovery pictures can be obtained, the optical parameters can be reversely updated according to the difference degree between the recovery pictures and the input pictures, and the optimization of the optical parameters is realized.
Specifically, the method for updating the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the recovery picture and the training picture comprises the following steps: calculating according to the recovery picture and the training picture to obtain a loss function value; updating the weight parameters of the convolutional neural network model reversely according to the loss function values; updating a point spread function according to the updated weight parameters of the convolutional neural network model; and updating the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the updated point spread function. And repeating the training steps, and stopping training when the difference degree between the recovery picture and the training picture is minimum, namely the loss function value is minimum, so as to obtain the optimized optical parameters.
According to the design method of the large-size achromatic super-surface lens, the super-surface lens to be designed is divided into a plurality of design areas, based on the regional dispersion synthesis idea, electromagnetic field coherent superposition is achieved by utilizing the Huygens-Fresnel principle, dispersion spaces of different areas can be independently regulated and controlled, the phase dispersion space complexity of the super-surface lens is reduced, an end-to-end super-surface lens design framework is built by utilizing neural network deep learning, and achromatization of the large-size super-surface lens is achieved.
The second embodiment also discloses a manufacturing method of the achromatic large-size achromatic super-surface lens, the manufacturing method adopts the design method of the large-size achromatic super-surface lens in the first embodiment to update the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be manufactured for multiple times to obtain optimized optical parameters, and then the super-surface lens is manufactured according to the optimized optical parameters. And finally, manufacturing the super-surface lens by adopting a corresponding process according to the arrangement of each super-surface lens unit structure. The cell structure database includes the geometric parameter information of the super-surface lens cell structure, and the corresponding transmission phase and transmittance, and the calling process, the arrangement process, and the manufacturing process of the super-surface lens cell structure are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not the important contents of the present application, and are not described herein again.
Further, the third embodiment also discloses a large-size achromatic super surface lens manufactured by the manufacturing method of the second embodiment.
Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of designing a large size achromatic super surface lens, said method comprising:
obtaining an output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed;
obtaining a point spread function of the super-surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed;
designing a convolutional neural network model according to the point spread function, and carrying out non-blind deconvolution on the output picture by using the convolutional neural network model to obtain a recovered picture;
and updating the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the difference between the recovery picture and the training picture.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the zones of the super-surface lens to be designed includes a circle center zone and a plurality of concentric circular ring zones sequentially extending outward from the circle center zone, and the optical parameters include spatial parameters and initial phase.
3. The method for designing the large-size achromatic super-surface lens according to claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining the output picture of the training picture after the training picture is imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps:
and simulating the imaging process of the super-surface lens to be designed on the training picture according to the training picture and the optical parameters to obtain the output picture.
4. The method for designing a large-size achromatic super-surface lens according to claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining an output picture of the training picture imaged by the super-surface lens to be designed based on the training picture and optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be designed comprises the following steps of:
manufacturing a lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the optical parameters;
and imaging the training picture according to the lens sample to obtain the output picture.
5. The method for designing a large-size achromatic super surface lens according to claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining the point spread function of the super surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super surface lens to be designed is as follows:
according to the optical parameter simulation calculation, obtaining the light intensity distribution on the focal plane of the super-surface lens to be designed when a point light source irradiates the super-surface lens to be designed;
and calculating to obtain the point spread function according to the light intensity distribution.
6. The method for designing a large-size achromatic super surface lens according to claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining the point spread function of the super surface lens to be designed based on the optical parameters of each region of the super surface lens to be designed is as follows:
manufacturing a lens sample of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the optical parameters;
and (4) irradiating the lens sample by using a point light source, and measuring to obtain the point spread function.
7. The method for designing a large-size achromatic super surface lens according to claim 1, wherein the method for updating the optical parameters of the respective areas of the super surface lens to be designed according to the restoration picture and the training picture comprises:
calculating to obtain a loss function value according to the recovery picture and the training picture;
reversely updating the weight parameters of the convolutional neural network model according to the loss function values;
updating the point spread function according to the updated weight parameter of the convolutional neural network model;
and updating the optical parameters of each region of the super-surface lens to be designed according to the updated point spread function.
8. A method of manufacturing a large-size achromatic super-surface lens, said method comprising:
updating the optical parameters of each area of the super-surface lens to be manufactured for a plurality of times by adopting the design method of the large-size achromatic super-surface lens as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7 to obtain optimized optical parameters;
and manufacturing the super-surface lens according to the optimized optical parameters.
9. A large size achromatic super surface lens, wherein said large size achromatic super surface lens is manufactured by the method of claim 8.
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| CN115903130A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-04-04 | 之江实验室 | Super-surface lens conical waveguide based on reverse design and wave front shaping method thereof |
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