CN114784476B - Multi-path waveguide power combiner based on E-plane multi-aperture extended coupling structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multipath waveguide power synthesizer based on an E-plane porous expansion coupling structure, and belongs to the technical field of microwave elements. The waveguide power combiner consists of multiple parallel waveguides and a coupling structure between the waveguides. The multi-path parallel waveguides are arranged in parallel, wherein the main waveguide is centered, one side port of the main waveguide is an input port, each path of coupling waveguide is connected with a matched load with the port on the same side of the input port, the other rectangular waveguides are symmetrically arranged along the two sides of the main waveguide, and the ports on the other side of all the waveguides form a power distribution or power synthesis port. The waveguide power combiner has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, good passband characteristics, reflection characteristics and transmission characteristics, and is suitable for the use of a power combining and amplifying structure. And the waveguide power device is subjected to secondary cascade connection to form a two-dimensional waveguide power synthesis network, so that the combining efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Multi-path waveguide power combiner based on E-plane multi-aperture extended coupling structure

Technical Field

The invention discloses a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure, which relates to microwave technology. The waveguide power combiner has the characteristics of simple structure, easy processing, good passband characteristics and scalability, is suitable for microwave components requiring a power synthesis amplification structure, and belongs to the technical field of basic electrical components.

Background technique

With the development of microwave technology, microwave technology has been widely used in navigation, radar, point-to-point communication systems and many other fields, so high-power microwave and millimeter wave equipment is needed. Power synthesizer is an indispensable circuit device for high-power microwave and millimeter wave equipment. It obtains higher output power by coherently synthesizing the output of equipment such as microwave power amplifiers. Waveguide power dividers, as microwave components that can distribute and synthesize power, are often used in high-power microwave and millimeter wave equipment. The performance of waveguide power dividers is directly related to the maximum output power of the entire high-power microwave and millimeter wave equipment, affecting the power synthesis effect of the entire equipment.

Among the many power distribution and synthesis methods, there are three synthesis methods for obtaining larger output power: the first is to perform multi-stage amplification synthesis of power through multi-stage cascaded power dividers, but when multi-stage cascades are performed through traditional waveguide power dividers to meet the required power requirements, there are usually disadvantages such as a relatively long structure, large losses, and high processing costs; the second is a method using a radial waveguide combiner. There is no isolation between the output ports, resulting in damage to any power amplifier that will affect the safety of the entire power synthesis network; the third is a power synthesis method based on T-type branch or Y-type branch waveguide power dividers. When realizing most combining ports, it is necessary to cascade a large number of combiners, which has a larger structure, increased losses, and reduced combining efficiency.

The present invention aims to propose a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure, and realizes multi-path power synthesis through a simple coupling structure.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure, which is easy to process and more suitable for a cascaded two-dimensional waveguide power synthesis network, thereby solving the technical problems of large structural size, high loss and low isolation of each output port of the traditional waveguide synthesizer.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned invention object:

The multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane porous extended coupling structure includes multiple parallel rectangular waveguides and a porous coupling structure between the waveguides. Among them, one rectangular waveguide is used as the main waveguide, and the other rectangular waveguides parallel to the main waveguide are coupled waveguides, and the coupled waveguides are arranged in a symmetrical manner about the center plane of the main waveguide. One side port of the main waveguide is the input port, and the coupled waveguide port on the same side as the input port is connected to the wedge load, and the other side ports of all waveguides are output ports. The rectangular waveguides are connected by a porous coupling structure to perform power distribution.

The height (i.e., the spacing between the waveguides) and the width of the apertures as well as the spacing between the apertures are used as three optimization variables. Under the premise that the aperture height in each porous coupling structure is set to be the same as the width of the rectangular waveguide, the width of the apertures and the spacing between the apertures are adjusted to optimize the coupling effect and working bandwidth of the coupling structure. Each porous coupling structure contains an odd number (at least three) of apertures and all the apertures are symmetrical about the center of the main waveguide. In the process of gradually expanding the coupling waveguide outward along the main waveguide E surface, the width of the aperture in the porous coupling structure gradually increases, and accordingly, the spacing between the apertures in the porous coupling structure gradually decreases.

Furthermore, each output port of the multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure is added with a membrane for phase compensation.

Furthermore, at least two multi-path waveguide power combiners based on the E-plane porous extended coupling structure are stacked along the E-plane to form a two-dimensional waveguide power combining network, and the output end of a one-dimensional power combiner is respectively connected to the input end of each multi-path waveguide power combiner stacked to form the two-dimensional waveguide power combining network, and the output end of the one-dimensional power combiner is connected to the input end of each multi-path waveguide power combiner through a twist waveguide.

The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The multi-path waveguide power combiner of the present invention forms a symmetrical structure centered on the main waveguide only by direct coupling of several apertures between multiple parallel waveguides, thereby realizing waveguide power distribution of multiple port outputs.

(2) The multi-channel waveguide power combiner of the present invention can be expanded outward on the existing multi-channel waveguide power combiner structure through the same rectangular waveguide and coupling structure to achieve the expansion of the power distribution port, and has scalability.

(3) The multi-path waveguide power combiner of the present invention can achieve better broadband characteristics and port isolation by optimizing the coupling aperture width and aperture spacing on the basis of realizing multiple power combination ports.

(4) The multi-path waveguide power combiner of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process, has good passband characteristics, reflection characteristics and transmission characteristics, and is suitable for a power combination amplification structure.

(5) The multi-channel waveguide power combiner of the present invention is cascaded to realize a larger-scale two-dimensional waveguide power combining network. A multi-channel waveguide power combiner that forms 2N+1 power combining ports through N coupled waveguides is used as the basic unit of cascade. The two-dimensional waveguide power combining network formed after cascading has (2N+1) ² ports. The number of combined channels is much larger than that of the existing two-stage cascaded waveguide power combining network based on waveguide T-type or Y-type branches. When realizing a two-dimensional waveguide power combining network with the same number of combining ports, the number of cascade orders required is less, the combining efficiency is greatly improved, and any two output ports have a high isolation, which is suitable for high-power power amplifiers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1( a ) and FIG. 1( b ) are a schematic structural diagram and an E-plane structural diagram of a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure according to the present invention.

FIG3 , FIG4 and FIG5 are S parameter curves of the multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure of the present invention at 9-11 GHz.

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure of the present invention performing phase compensation by adding a diaphragm.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage cascade structure of a multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure according to the present invention.

Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. main waveguide, 2. first coupling waveguide, 3. second coupling waveguide, 4. wedge load, 5. flange, 6. cover plate, 7. twist waveguide.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG1 , a multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane porous extended coupling structure is composed of multiple parallel rectangular waveguides and a porous coupling structure between the rectangular waveguides. Among them, the rectangular waveguide located in the center is used as the main waveguide, and the other multiple rectangular waveguides are coupled waveguides. The long side of the coupled waveguide is parallel to the long side of the main waveguide, and the multiple coupled waveguides are arranged symmetrically about the center plane of the main waveguide. The rectangular waveguides are connected through multiple coupling apertures for power distribution. In this embodiment, adjacent rectangular waveguides are connected through five coupling apertures, wherein, from the input port port1 to the output port, the widths of the five apertures between the main waveguide 1 and the first coupling waveguide 2 are b1, b2, b2, b2, b1, respectively, and are arranged symmetrically along the center of the waveguide, with the aperture spacing being L1, L2, L2, L1. The outwardly extending second coupling waveguide 3 and the first coupling waveguide 2 are also connected through five coupling apertures, keeping the total width of the coupling structure unchanged, and expanding the aperture width to b3, b4, b4, b4, b3, and each aperture is also arranged symmetrically along the center of the waveguide.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-surface porous extended coupling structure is used as a power divider. When the energy is input into the power divider through the port on one side of the main waveguide 1, the other waveguide ports on the same side are connected to the wedge load 4 for input power matching. After passing through the porous coupling structure located on the E-surface, the energy is distributed to the other side ports of each coupled waveguide for output. Different power distribution requirements can be achieved by optimizing the structural parameters of the multi-channel waveguide power combiner in Fig. 1. In this embodiment, the port 1 of the main waveguide is used as the input port, and the port 2 of the main waveguide, the port 3 and the port 4 of the first coupled waveguide, and the port 5 and the port 6 of the second coupled waveguide are used as the output ports to realize a power divider that divides the power into five equal parts. Each port is connected to the outside through a flange 5, and a cover plate 6 is added to the E-surface of the entire multi-channel waveguide power combiner to form a closed transmission structure.

In this embodiment, a multi-channel waveguide power divider with a working frequency band of 9.5-10.5 GHz is designed to achieve one-to-five power division. According to the markings in Figure 1, the size of the waveguide is 22.86mm*10.16mm, the port length LS=22mm, the coupling aperture spacing L1=7.02mm, L2=4.90mm, the coupling aperture width b1=2.78mm, b2=3.56mm, b3=3.88mm, b4=6.02mm, and each coupling aperture is symmetrically distributed along the midline, and the aperture arrangement in the same column is also symmetrical along the midline.

The S parameter curves of the waveguide power divider are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Due to the symmetrical structure of the power divider, the parameter performance of port 3 and port 5 is the same as that of port 4 and port 6, so they are omitted in the figure. Among them, Figure 3 shows the reflection coefficient of each port, which is below -20dB in the working frequency band. Figure 4 shows the coupling degree between the input port and each output port, and the frequency sensitivity of the five output ports is below ±0.5dB. Figure 5 shows the isolation between each output port, which is below -20dB in the working frequency band, and there is a large isolation between each output port. In summary, it can be seen that the waveguide power divider has good passband characteristics, reflection characteristics and transmission characteristics in the working frequency band, and is suitable for use in power synthesis amplification structure.

In this embodiment, due to the path difference from the input port to each output port, there is a phase difference between the output signals of each output port. In this regard, phase consistency can be achieved by connecting a phase compensation structure or by adding a diaphragm in front of the output port for phase compensation of some paths. As shown in Figure 6, more diaphragms are added to the output port of the main waveguide to achieve a greater extension of its phase path; fewer diaphragms are added to the output port of the first coupling waveguide to achieve a smaller extension of its phase path, so that the phase of the output signal of each output port is consistent with the output signal of the output port of the second coupling waveguide to achieve phase compensation.

As shown in FIG7 , the multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure described in the present invention can also realize a large-scale multi-channel waveguide power synthesis network through multi-stage cascading. FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the two-stage cascade structure of the waveguide power combiner of the present invention. In this embodiment, five waveguide power combiners are stacked into a two-dimensional waveguide power synthesis network with 25 output ports, and a one-dimensional 5-way power combiner is used to feed power. The five output ports are each connected to an input port of the same 5-way power combiner. The multi-stage waveguide power dividers are connected by twisted waveguides 7 to meet the space requirements. The 25-way output waveguide power splitting structure formed by the two-stage cascade has a two-stage power splitting structure as shown in FIG7 .

The examples described above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an E-plane porous extended coupling structure, characterized in that it comprises a main waveguide, a coupling waveguide and a porous coupling structure thereof, wherein the coupling waveguide is extended outwardly along the E-plane of the main waveguide in a manner symmetrical about the center of the main waveguide to form a structure in which 2N+1 waveguides are coupled in parallel, where N is the number of coupling waveguides distributed on one side of the main waveguide, the porous coupling structure is symmetrical about the center of the main waveguide, each porous coupling structure comprises at least m apertures symmetrical about the center of the porous coupling structure, wherein m≥3, a porous coupling structure is connected between two adjacent waveguides, the length of the aperture in each porous coupling structure is the same as the width of any waveguide, the width of the aperture in the same porous coupling structure increases as the coupling waveguide extends outward along the E-plane of the main waveguide, the spacing of the apertures in the same porous coupling structure decreases as the coupling waveguide extends outward along the E-plane of the main waveguide, one side port of the main waveguide is an input port, all coupling waveguide ports on the same side as the input port are plugged with a wedge load, and the other side ports of all waveguides are output ports. 2. According to the multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that each output port is affixed with a membrane for phase compensation. 3. A two-dimensional waveguide power combining network, characterized in that a two-dimensional waveguide power combining network with (2N+1) ² output ports is formed by stacking N multi-channel waveguide power combiners based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure according to claim 1 on the E-plane, and the input port of each multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure forms the input port of the two-dimensional waveguide power combining network. 4. The two-dimensional waveguide power synthesis network according to claim 3, characterized in that the input port of the two-dimensional waveguide power synthesis network is connected to the output end of a one-dimensional multi-path waveguide power synthesizer through a twist waveguide.