CN1147818A - 用作甜味剂的新化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1147818A CN1147818A CN95192974A CN95192974A CN1147818A CN 1147818 A CN1147818 A CN 1147818A CN 95192974 A CN95192974 A CN 95192974A CN 95192974 A CN95192974 A CN 95192974A CN 1147818 A CN1147818 A CN 1147818A
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Abstract
新的甜味化合物,其特征在于:它是通式如下的N-[N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰基]-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯和其制备方法,该方法特征在于:糖精和3,3-二甲基丁醛的pH4.5-5的水/醇溶液是在室温用压力为3巴的氢、在存在基于铂的催化剂如铂黑或氧化铂的情况下处理的,并且在将溶液的醇部分真空蒸发之后,通过沉淀和过滤将制得的产品纯化。
Description
本发明涉及一种用作甜味剂的N-[N-(3,3-二乙基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰基]-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯及其制备方法。
这种新化合物用作各种产品的甜味剂是特别有效的,尤其是用于饮料、食品、糖果、糕点、口香糖、卫生产品和盥洗用品,以及化妆品、药品和兽药产品。
众所周知,为了能够用于工业化生产,甜味剂必须首先具有高甜度,从而可能控制其使用的成本,还需具有令人满意的稳定性,即能够适应使用条件的稳定性。
在目前市场上的甜味剂中,广泛采用的是二肽衍生物N-L-α-天冬氨酰基-L-苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯(US3492131),叫做糖精并且其通式为:这种糖精的甜度比较低,以重量计小于蔗糖的200倍。尽管其具有良好的感官性能,此化合物主要的缺点是由于其较低的甜度而造成的成本较高,并且其在使用甜味剂的某些条件下稳定性相当差,特别是在中性介质中,这样就限制了其在工业上的应用。
因此,食品工业迫切需要一种新的甜味剂,它应具有高甜度以降低其价格,并且至少和糖精一样稳定,甚至更加稳定,尤其是在中性介质中。
首先,本发明涉及一个新的甜味剂,其通式为:N-[N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰基]-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯。
因此,这种新的甜味化合物是糖精的六氢化化合物(六氢化糖精)的N-烷基化衍生物。分子式为:的六氢化糖精已在文献中作了描述,特别是在法国专利FR2013158中。其甜度与糖精非常相似,以重量计是蔗糖的约225倍。
现已发现,本发明的化合物的甜度以重量计出乎意料的比糖精甜50(五十)倍,比蔗糖(食糖)甜12,000(一万两千)倍。
而且,还已发现在食品加工的一般条件下,本发明化合物的稳定性比糖精的更高。这个优点是非常重要的,这是因为糖精在某些食品加工中应用的限制之一是由于其在接近中性,即PH约为7的介质中稳定性非常低而造成的,所述的PH值在如乳制品、糕点或其他需要高温加工的产品、口香糖和牙膏的生产中频繁遇到。
尽管本发明的化合物是直接由糖精制得的,它仍具有优点,即它不含L-苯基丙氨酸,此氨基酸上的苯基已在本发明化合物中被还原成环己基。而且由于本发明化合物具有很高的甜度,其用于食品中的浓度比糖精小60倍。因此在食品中,糖精中某些通常引起争论的成份,即甲醇或L-苯基丙氨酸的存在量,通过采用本发明的化合物而会被大大的减少或省掉。
本专利申请的一个目的包括将本发明的化合物用作甜味剂,还包括通过以甜味组合物的形式与本发明的化合物结合的甜味组合物,以及此化合物在增甜前述各种产品方面的用途。
本发明的甜味剂以足以达到所需甜度的量加入为条件,它可以加入到任何需要具有甜味的食品中。甜味剂最佳使用浓度与各种因素有关,例如,贮存的条件和食品的用途、产品特定的组成和所需的甜度。任何有资格者,通过常规的感官分析都可以很容易的确定为制得食品所必须采用的甜味剂的最佳比例。本发明的甜味剂加入食品中的比例范围一般是每公斤或每升食品加甜味剂0.5mg到50mg。显然浓缩产品应含有更大量的甜味剂,并且随后可按照其最终的使用来稀释。
本发明的甜味剂可以以纯品形式加入需要甜化的产品中,但是由于其高甜度,通常是与适当的载体或填充剂混合。
有利的是,适当的载体或填充剂可选自聚糊精、淀粉、麦芽糖糊精、纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和纤维素的其他衍生物、藻朊酸钠、果胶、树胶、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、亮氨酸、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、碳酸氢钠、磷酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、山梨酸和丙酸,以及它们的钠、钾和钙盐,及其等效物。
本发明的甜味剂可以在食品中单独或者与其他甜味剂结合使用,其他甜味剂是例如蔗糖、玉米糖浆、果糖、糖二肽类似物或衍生物(糖精、缩二氨酸基酰胺)、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、氢化的异麦芽寡糖、甜叶菊苷、左旋糖、甘草酸苷、木糖醇、山梨醇、甘露醇、双氧恶噻嗪、糖精和其钠、钾、铵和钙盐,环己烷氨基磺酸和其钠、钾和钙盐、氯化蔗糖衍生物、蒙那灵、非洲竹芋甜素和其类似物。
另一方面,本发明涉及制备前述化合物的方法,其特征在于其中糖精和3,3-二甲基丁醛的溶液是在室温用相对压力为3巴(0.3MPa)的氢在存在基于铂的催化剂情况下进行处理。
在本发明的一个有效的实施方案中,前述催化剂选自铂黑和氧化铂。
通过取样和通过用高性能液相色谱(H.P.L.C.)来评价制得产品而对反应过程进行的监控能够使本领域技术人员很容易确定合适于所用条件的氢化反应时间。
在本发明的优选方法中,糖精和3,3-二甲基丁醛的溶液是PH4.5-5的水/醇溶液,它是通过将0.1M的乙酸溶液和甲醇混合制得的,糖精在水/醇溶液中的浓度是在50和60g/l之间,3,3-二甲基丁醛的浓度在20和30g/l之间。
根据本发明的一个有利的特征,制得的产物是在将溶液中的醇部分真空蒸发之后,通过沉淀和过滤纯化的。
本发明的化合物也可以通过其他途径制备。N-L-α-天冬氨酰基-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯可特别用于在氰氢硼化钠的作用下用3,3-二甲基丁醛,或者在催化剂存在情况下用氢(例如参见Ohfune等在Chem.Letters,1984,pp.441-444和P.N.Rylander,“CatalyticHydrogenation in Organic Synthesis”,Academic Press,SanDiego,1993,pp.165-174)进行还原N-烷基化的反应。
本发明的方法能够直接和以一个步骤由糖精制得新的甜味化合物,因而明显地更加有利。这种方法能够使由3,3-二甲基丁醛进行的还原N-烷基化和糖精上苯基的氢化产生环己基的反应同时进行。
但是,同时进行还原N-烷基化和苯基的氢化反应已经被证明在限定的催化剂种类和非常特定的试验条件下是可能的,所说的限定的催化剂种类和非常特定的试验条件能够使本发明化合物获得食品用途需要的高分析纯度。
应该注意的是采用糖精作为制备本发明化合物的原料必须解决一些与糖精性质有关的困难。
实际上,糖精在大多数有机溶剂中的溶解度都很低;其溶解度通常小于每升几克。
另一方面,如果糖精的溶解度在水介质中较大,其在这些介质中的稳定性就比较低。
而且,任何为提高糖精溶解度而将温度升高的方法,都会加剧其降解反应。
考虑到主要目的是用于食品的化合物所需的纯度限定,本发明的方法可以采用糖精作为原料。
实际上已经发现本发明产品的质量与在方法的操作过程中所采用的试验条件密切相关。已经证明催化剂的性质,在较小程度上的氢化时间和压力、反应介质的性质和PH值都是基本参数。
总的来说,本发明描述了一个新的化合物,它与糖精相比甜度增大了60倍,并且在中性介质和酸性介质中具有更大的稳定性。而且,这种新化合物是以高产量和高纯度直接和以一个步骤由糖精制备的。
本发明将借助于下述制备的实施例进行更全面的说明,这些实施例不被认为是对本发明的限定。实施例1
在搅拌的同时,按顺序将下列物质加入到装有能够确保氢气良好的进入液相的搅拌器的反应器中:60毫升的0.1M的乙酸水溶液、1克铂黑(Aldrich No.20,591-5:铂黑)、2.55克的3,3-二甲基丁醛、30毫升的甲醇和5克的糖精。
在将反应器用氮气流清洗之后,将混合物在相对压力为3巴(0.3MPa)、室温下进行氢化反应。通过取出粗样品,并采用高性能液相色谱(H.P.L.C)来分析生成的产品来监控反应的过程。所需产品的浓度是通过与预先已准备好的标准曲线进行对比来确定的。氢化反应进行72小时之后,观察到产生了97%所需产品。
接着将反应中断,用氮气流清洗反应器,并用精制过滤器(0.5微米)过滤分离催化剂。如果需要,加入几滴1M的氢氧化钠溶液将滤液调整到PH5。接着通过温度保持在40℃以下,真空蒸馏去除甲醇。很快沉淀出一种白色固体。为了能够完全沉淀,将混合物在室温下继续搅拌几小时。将产品过滤、干燥并用约50毫升的己烷洗涤。最终得到4.5克白色粉末状的高纯度(由H.P.L.C.测得纯度高于98%)的N-N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰基〕-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯(产率是69%)。实施例2
采用与实施例1所述的一样的仪器、溶剂和同样浓度的反应物,不同的是采用1克氧化铂(Aldrich product No.20,603-2:氧化铂(IV),Adams’催化剂)作催化剂,氢化反应在相对压力为3巴(0.3MPa),通常在室温下进行,反应进行72小时之后停止(生成96%的产品)。按照实施例1所述的方法进行沉淀纯化之后,得到4.5克非常纯(H.P.L.C.纯度大于98%)的白色粉末状的所需产品(产率是69%)。
通过本发明的方法制备的化合物的纯度是通过薄层色谱法、红外光谱法、紫外光谱法、高性能液相色谱法(H.P.L.C.)、热分析法、旋光度、核磁共振和元素分析法的常规技术测定的。
下面列出由根据本发明制备的化合物获得的物理常数。分子式:C20H30N2O5分子量:384.51含水量(费歇尔方法):3到5%。薄层色谱法:60 F254硅胶/铝片(Merek No.5554),洗脱液:丁醇-乙酸-水(8∶2∶2),采用茚三酮检测,Rf:0.62。红外光谱(KBr)cm-1:3514(HOH),3367,3195(NH),2957,2920,2850(CH),1755(COOCH3),1659(CONH),1620-1593(COO-),1450,1388,1199,1177,773。紫外光谱:在222nm最大。高性能液相色谱,在“Lichrospher100 RP-18 endcapped”型Merck色柱,长度为244mm,直径为4mm,洗脱液为:65mM的乙酸铵-乙腈(50∶50),流速:1ml/min,检测器:折射仪,保留时间:4.9分钟。从40到350℃以10℃/分钟进行差热分析:熔点:88℃,在200℃以下无分解。旋光度:[α]D 20=-40°±1.25(c=2,甲醇)。核磁共振谱:(H,200MHz,DMSO-d6)0.86(s,9H),1.12-1.62(m,12H),2.3-2.45(m,5H),2.9(m,2H),3.55(m,1H),3.61(s,3H),4.4(m,1H),8.5(d,1H)。元素分析:实测值(含4.5%水的理论值):C59.63(59.78),H9.15(9.51),N6.66(6.97),O23.35(23.72)。
本发明化合物的甜度是由八位专家小组评定的。为此,将这种在水溶液中以各种浓度存在的化合物与浓度为2%、5%或10%的蔗糖对照溶液进行口感方面的比较。这种试验化合物与蔗糖相比所具有的甜度与具有相同甜度的此化合物和蔗糖的重量比是相应的,即这种试验化合物的溶液和蔗糖的对照溶液的甜味被大多数人认为具有相同的甜度。
本发明化合物的甜度基于重量,通过与2%的蔗糖溶液相比约是蔗糖的12,000倍,通过与5%的蔗糖溶液相比是蔗糖的10,000倍,通过与10%的蔗糖溶液相比是蔗糖的5,000倍。
本发明化合物和糖精的稳定性是通过采用高性能液相色谱确定产品的量而测定的,这种产品的量是在通过在中性介质(PH7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液)或酸性介质(PH3的磷酸盐缓冲溶液)中在70℃延长加热而将溶液加速老化之后保留的量。这样测定的化合物的稳定性是通过其半衰期(与50%降解相应的时间)来评估的。
所附的图1给出的是糖精(曲线a)与本发明化合物(曲线b)在PH3的酸性介质中的稳定性曲线对比图;本发明化合物的半衰期是约60小时,而糖精在同样条件下的半衰期只有24小时,与此相应的是,本发明化合物的稳定性比糖精大2.5倍。
所附的图2给出的是糖精(曲线a)与本发明化合物(曲线b)在PH7的介质中的稳定性曲线对比图;本发明化合物的半衰期是约11小时,而糖精在同样条件下的半衰期只有10分钟,与此相应的是,本发明的化合物的稳定性比糖精大66倍。
Claims (6)
2.一种通式为:的N-N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天冬氨酰基〕-L-六氢苯基丙氨酸1-甲基酯的制备方法,其特征在于:糖精和3,3-二甲基丁醛的溶液,在室温下用相对压力为3巴的氢在基于铂的催化剂存在下进行处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:催化剂是铂黑或氧化铂。
4.根据权利要求2和3所述的方法,其特征在于:糖精和3,3-二甲基丁醛的溶液是通过混合0.1M的乙酸和甲醇制得的PH4.5-5的水/醇溶液。
5.根据权利要求2到4所述的方法,其特征在于:其中糖精在水/醇溶液中的浓度在50和60g/l之间,3,3-二甲基丁醛的浓度在20和30g/l之间。
6.根据权利要求2到5所述的方法,其特征在于:制得的产品是在将溶液的醇部分真空蒸发之后,通过沉淀和过滤纯化的。
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US6692778B2 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2004-02-17 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Method of controlling release of N-substituted derivatives of aspartame in chewing gum |
CA2336133A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-06 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Novel aspartyl dipeptide ester derivatives and sweeteners |
WO2000026235A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-11 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Procede de preparation de cristaux de derive d'aspartame possedant une excellente stabilite |
US6844465B2 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2005-01-18 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for preparing highly stable crystals of aspartame derivative |
CN1317012A (zh) * | 1998-10-30 | 2001-10-10 | 味之素株式会社 | 稳定性优良的天冬甜素衍生物晶体的结晶方法 |
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- 1995-05-05 BR BR9507628A patent/BR9507628A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-05 DE DE69504651T patent/DE69504651T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 US US08/737,138 patent/US5773640A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 AU AU25284/95A patent/AU2528495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-05 ES ES95919483T patent/ES2123984T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-05 JP JP52872595A patent/JP3627062B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 CN CN95192974A patent/CN1147818A/zh active Pending
- 1995-05-05 EP EP95919483A patent/EP0759030B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-12-16 HK HK98113670A patent/HK1012407A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5773640A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
EP0759030A1 (fr) | 1997-02-26 |
HK1012407A1 (en) | 1999-07-30 |
RU2138511C1 (ru) | 1999-09-27 |
DE69504651D1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
CA2189558A1 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
JP3627062B2 (ja) | 2005-03-09 |
FR2719591B1 (fr) | 1996-07-26 |
JPH10500403A (ja) | 1998-01-13 |
ES2123984T3 (es) | 1999-01-16 |
AU2528495A (en) | 1995-11-29 |
WO1995030688A1 (fr) | 1995-11-16 |
DK0759030T3 (da) | 1999-06-07 |
ATE170872T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
EP0759030B1 (fr) | 1998-09-09 |
DE69504651T2 (de) | 1999-04-08 |
BR9507628A (pt) | 1997-09-23 |
FR2719591A1 (fr) | 1995-11-10 |
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