CN114777696B - Ultrasonic thickness measuring method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic thickness measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114777696B CN114777696B CN202210493587.9A CN202210493587A CN114777696B CN 114777696 B CN114777696 B CN 114777696B CN 202210493587 A CN202210493587 A CN 202210493587A CN 114777696 B CN114777696 B CN 114777696B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic thickness measuring method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring full matrix echo data of n transmitting array elements, wherein the n array elements transmit ultrasonic waves into a target body one by one according to a set sequence, and the n array elements all receive reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves; arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element; then, arranging wave trains of m transmitting array elements to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data; extracting a superposition amplitude diagram corresponding to the arrival time of a plurality of normal incidence reflected waves of an ith transmitting array element; combining the amplitude diagrams and the wave train diagrams, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds, and calculating an average equivalent speed; acquiring plane waveform data of spontaneous self-reception of a plurality of array elements, and extracting normal incidence travel time of ultrasonic waves in a target body; and obtaining the thickness of the target body according to the normal incidence travel time and the average equivalent speed. The method solves the technical problem that in the prior art, the thickness of the target body cannot be accurately measured under the condition that the sound velocity of the target body cannot be known in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic measurement, in particular to an ultrasonic thickness measuring method.
Background
The existing ultrasonic thickness measuring method is used for measuring thickness according to the ultrasonic pulse reflection principle, and is also called an ultrasonic pulse echo method, when ultrasonic pulses emitted by a probe of an ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument reach a target object interface through a measured object, the pulses are reflected back to the probe by the target object interface, and then the thickness of the measured target object is determined by measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in the target object. The ultrasonic thickness measuring method can measure the thickness of various pipelines and pressure vessels in production equipment, monitor the thickness reduction degree of the pipelines and the pressure vessels after corrosion in the use process, and can accurately measure various plates and various processing parts, and in a word, all targets capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves at a constant speed can be used for measuring the thickness by the method.
However, the premise of measuring the thickness of an object by the ultrasonic pulse echo method is that the sound velocity of the object is known, and the sound velocity of the object is usually preset according to the type of the object before measurement, or the sound velocity is measured by using a standard object block, and then the thickness measurement is carried out. If the target body sound speed setting is inaccurate, erroneous results will be produced.
However, in practical applications, the target sound velocity is often not known in advance, for example: the thickness of the target body to be measured cannot be measured by adopting a conventional ultrasonic thickness measuring method because a standard block cannot be manufactured for measurement due to special properties, or the sound velocity of a detection position cannot be accurately obtained due to large individual difference of skull in transcranial ultrasonic imaging and nerve regulation and control.
Based on this, the present invention has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic thickness measuring method which can accurately measure the sound velocity and thickness of ultrasonic waves in a target body.
The invention provides an ultrasonic thickness measuring method, which comprises the steps of transmitting ultrasonic waves through a multi-array element probe and measuring the thickness of a target body in a mode of collecting echo data through a full matrix, wherein the multi-array element probe comprises n array elements, and n is a natural number, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring full matrix echo data of n transmitting array elements, wherein the n array elements transmit ultrasonic waves into a target body one by one according to a set sequence, and the n array elements all receive reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves; arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element; then arranging wave trains of m transmitting array elements together to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data, wherein m is less than or equal to n, and i is epsilon n; extracting a superposition amplitude diagram corresponding to the arrival time of a plurality of normal incidence reflected waves of the ith transmitting array element according to the wave train diagram; combining a plurality of superimposed amplitude diagrams and wave train diagrams corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds, and calculating according to the plurality of equivalent matching speeds to obtain an average equivalent speed; the method comprises the steps of arranging reflected wave arrival time data of self-emitted ultrasonic waves received by a plurality of array elements according to a set sequence to obtain a plane waveform chart, and extracting normal incidence travel time of the ultrasonic waves in a target body; and calculating to obtain the thickness of the target body according to the normal incidence travel time and the average equivalent speed.
In one possible embodiment, arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmit element together includes: and arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together according to the transmitting sequence of the n array elements.
In one possible implementation, extracting a plurality of superimposed amplitude patterns corresponding to arrival times of normal incidence reflected waves according to the wave train pattern of the ith transmitting array element includes: and extracting all superimposed amplitude graphs corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves from the wave train graphs of the ith transmitting array element.
In one possible implementation, determining the plurality of equivalent matching speeds by combining the superimposed amplitude patterns corresponding to the arrival times of the plurality of normal incidence reflected waves with the wave train patterns of the ith transmitting array element includes: and combining all superimposed amplitude diagrams corresponding to the arrival time of the normal incidence reflected waves with wave train diagrams of the ith transmitting array element to determine all equivalent matching speeds.
In one possible implementation, calculating the average equivalent speed from the plurality of equivalent matching speeds includes: and calculating according to all equivalent matching speeds to obtain the average equivalent speed.
In one possible implementation, according to acquiring plane waveform data spontaneously received by a plurality of array elements, and extracting normal incidence travel of ultrasonic waves in a target body comprises: arranging echo data of ultrasonic waves emitted by a plurality of array elements received by the array elements together to obtain an arrival time plane waveform chart of normal incidence waves; and acquiring normal incidence travel time according to the normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram.
In one possible embodiment, arranging together self-emitted ultrasound echo data received by a plurality of array elements includes: acoustic data of normal incidence reflected waves emitted by the array elements are arranged together.
In one possible embodiment, arranging the self-emitted ultrasonic echo data received by the plurality of array elements together further includes: and arranging the ultrasonic echo data which are received by all array elements and are transmitted by the array elements.
In one possible embodiment, obtaining the target body thickness from the normal incidence travel time and the average equivalent velocity further comprises: when the multi-array element probe has a distance from the target body, the average equivalent speed is converted into the actual equivalent speed.
In one possible embodiment, converting the average equivalent speed to the actual equivalent speed comprises: the average equivalent velocity is converted to the target actual velocity according to the dix formula.
The invention provides an ultrasonic thickness measuring method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring full matrix echo data of n transmitting array elements, wherein the n array elements transmit ultrasonic waves into a target body one by one according to a set sequence, and the n array elements all receive reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves; arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element; then arranging wave trains of m transmitting array elements together to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data, wherein m is less than or equal to n; extracting a superposition amplitude diagram corresponding to the arrival time of a plurality of normal incidence reflected waves of the ith transmitting array element according to the wave train diagram; combining a plurality of superimposed amplitude diagrams and wave train diagrams corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds, and calculating according to the plurality of equivalent matching speeds to obtain an average equivalent speed; acquiring plane waveform data of spontaneous self-reception of a plurality of array elements, and extracting normal incidence travel time of ultrasonic waves in a target body; and calculating to obtain the thickness of the target body according to the normal incidence travel time and the average equivalent speed. The method solves the technical problem that in the prior art, the thickness of the target body cannot be accurately measured under the condition that the sound velocity of the target body cannot be known in advance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ultrasonic thickness measurement method in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting and receiving mode of a multi-array element ultrasonic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an acquisition environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a wave train diagram of a transmitting array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of selecting equivalent matching speeds by wave trains in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing superimposed amplitudes at different effective matching speeds in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of normal incidence time-plane waveforms in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the above and other features and advantages of the present invention, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments presented herein are for purposes of explanation to those skilled in the art and are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known steps or operations have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The premise of measuring the thickness of an object by an ultrasonic pulse echo method is that the sound velocity of the object is known, and the sound velocity of the object is required to be preset according to the type of the object before measurement, however, in practical application, the sound velocity of the object cannot be obtained in advance, so that the thickness of the object cannot be accurately measured by adopting a conventional ultrasonic thickness measuring method. Therefore, the invention provides an ultrasonic thickness measuring method which is used for accurately measuring the thickness of an object under the condition of unknown sound velocity of the object.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ultrasonic thickness measurement method in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for ultrasonic thickness measurement, which transmits ultrasonic waves through a multi-array element probe and measures the thickness of a target body by adopting a mode of collecting echo data through a full matrix, wherein the multi-array element probe comprises n array elements, and n is a natural number, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, acquiring full-matrix echo data of n transmitting array elements, wherein the n array elements transmit ultrasonic waves into the target body one by one according to a set sequence, and the n array elements all receive reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting and receiving mode of a multi-array element ultrasonic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the multi-element probe may be a multi-element ultrasonic transducer, including n elements, where each element emits ultrasonic waves one by one, and the emission sequence may be performed according to a set sequence. At this time, the element transmitting the ultrasonic wave is called a transmitting element (e.g., element i), and the element receiving the echo is called a receiving element (e.g., element j), wherein the transmitting element transmits the ultrasonic wave and then is also called a receiving element, because the transmitting element receives the normal incident reflected wave sent by itself. When one of the transmitting array elements transmits ultrasonic waves, all the array elements including the transmitting array element itself perform echo acquisition on the ultrasonic waves, which may be called full matrix acquisition, wherein the echo of the ultrasonic waves includes reflected waves, refracted waves, and the like, and the acquired echo data is acoustic data. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a plurality of array elements are considered to be located at the same height in the longitudinal direction. The full matrix echo data includes n echo data.
According to the method for acquiring echo data, all array elements of the multi-array element ultrasonic transducer are respectively used as the full-matrix echo data of the transmitting array elements, and in the scheme, n full-matrix echo data are acquired.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention needs to perform ultrasonic thickness measurement under the condition of water immersion environment or using a coupling agent. For example, the environment of a submerged workpiece is used when measuring the thickness of the workpiece, and a couplant is used when measuring the thickness of the skull of a human or animal.
S2, arranging full-matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element; and arranging wave trains of m transmitting array elements together to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data, wherein m is less than or equal to n, and i is less than or equal to n.
Fig. 4 is a wave train diagram of a transmitting array element according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the acquired full matrix echo data of one transmitting array element of n array elements of the multi-array element ultrasonic transducer is arranged according to a set order, the full matrix echo data can be arranged according to the transmitting order of the transmitting array elements, the time sequence of receiving the echo by the receiving array elements, and the array element matrix arrangement order of the multi-array element ultrasonic transducer.
In a specific embodiment, the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element are arranged together to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element, wherein the wave train contains n echo data; and then arranging the wave trains of m transmitting array elements together to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data, wherein m is less than or equal to n.
In a preferred embodiment, the sequence of transmitting ultrasonic waves by the array elements is the same as the arrangement sequence of the array element matrix, so in this embodiment, the full-matrix echo data of one transmitting array element of the multi-array element ultrasonic transducer acquired in the step S1 is arranged according to the sequence of transmitting ultrasonic waves by the transmitting array element, and a wave train diagram of a pair of transmitting array elements is obtained after arrangement, wherein the arrival time of the reflected wave represents a time from the beginning of transmitting ultrasonic waves by the transmitting array element to the time of receiving the ultrasonic wave echo by the receiving array element.
According to the arrangement method, all the array elements acquired in the step S1 are respectively arranged as the full matrix echo data of the transmitting array elements, so as to obtain a plurality of wave train diagrams with all the array elements as the transmitting array elements.
And S3, extracting a corresponding superimposed amplitude diagram of the arrival time of the plurality of normal incidence reflected waves of the ith transmitting array element according to the wave train diagram.
In one possible embodiment, all superimposed amplitude patterns corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves can be extracted from the wave train pattern of a certain transmitting array element.
The wave train diagram corresponding to each transmitting array element comprises a plurality of amplitude diagrams of normal incidence reflected waves, and the echo data of each receiving array element comprises normal incidence reflected waves, so that n superimposed amplitude diagrams corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves are obtained in the embodiment.
And S4, combining a plurality of superimposed amplitude diagrams and wave train diagrams corresponding to the arrival time of the normal incidence reflected waves, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds, and calculating according to the plurality of equivalent matching speeds to obtain an average equivalent speed.
In one possible embodiment, all the equivalent matching speeds can be determined by combining all superimposed amplitude patterns corresponding to the arrival times of the normal incident reflected waves with the wave train pattern of the nth transmitting element.
In one possible embodiment, the i-numbered array elements are transmitted, the wave trains received by all the array elements individually are arranged together, the arrival times of the reflected waves at the different j-numbered array elements are arranged in a hyperbolic manner, and the arrival times t of the reflected waves are equal to the arrival times t of the normal incident reflected waves 0 The functional relationship of (2) can be expressed by the following formula:
wherein x is i And x j The lateral spatial positions of array elements i and j, respectively, d is the target body thickness,is the equivalent speed.
As shown in fig. 5-6, the amplitude diagram of the normal incidence reflected wave is extracted from the wave train diagram corresponding to each transmitting array element, and the time t is reached when the normal incidence reflected wave 0 The amplitudes at which correspond to different speeds of sound (v 1 、v 2 、v 3 ) Hyperbola, then superposing the amplitudes of different array elements at the corresponding time t, taking the speed at the maximum of the amplitude superposition as the equivalent matching speed, wherein the speed at the maximum of the amplitude superposition in the graph is v 2 Thus, v is determined 2 Is the equivalent matching speed of the transmitting array element when the normal incidence reflected wave arrives.
According to the method, the equivalent matching speeds of all array elements at the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves are determined, and in the embodiment, n equivalent matching speeds are determined.
In one possible embodiment, the average equivalent speed may be calculated from all equivalent matching speeds. The following formula can be adopted:
wherein v is Equivalent means Is the average equivalent velocity.
And S5, arranging the arrival time data of the self-emitted ultrasonic waves received by the array elements according to a set sequence to obtain a plane waveform chart, and extracting normal incidence travel time of the ultrasonic waves in the target body. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step S51, the reflected wave arrival time data of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the array elements received by the array elements are arranged together, and a normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram is obtained. Wherein the reflected arrival time data is echo data.
In one possible embodiment, the reflected wave arrival time data of the self-emitted ultrasonic wave received by the plurality of array elements is acoustic data of normal incidence reflected wave. And arranging acoustic data of normal incidence reflected waves which are received by a plurality of array elements and are emitted by the array elements according to the emission sequence of the array elements, so as to obtain a normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram.
In another possible embodiment, the self-emitted ultrasonic echo data received by all array elements can be arranged together to obtain a normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform chart.
Step S52, acquiring normal incidence travel time according to the normal incidence time plane waveform diagram.
Specifically, the normal incidence travel time is the time from the emission of normal incidence ultrasonic waves to the reception of reflected waves by the emission array element. In the normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram, the reflection wave arrival time image of the normal incidence wave approximates to a horizontal line, and the time corresponding to all the normal incidence waves arrival horizontal lines is extracted, namely the normal incidence travel time. Wherein the ultrasound waves are different at normal incidence travel in different media.
And S6, calculating to obtain the thickness of the target body according to the normal incidence travel time and the average equivalent speed.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in step S61, when the multi-array probe has a distance from the target, the average equivalent speed is converted into the actual equivalent speed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of normal incidence time-plane waveforms in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, in the water immersion environment, water is arranged between the multi-array element probe and the target body, the water and the target body form a two-layer model, a distance is arranged between the multi-array element probe and the target body, and the average equivalent speed is converted into the actual speed of the target body according to the dix formula. And determining the thickness of the target body according to the actual speed of the target body and normal incidence travel, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
d material ＝v Material t Material /2
Wherein the sound velocity of water is v Water and its preparation method The sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the target body is v Material The sound wave is t when traveling at normal incidence in water Water and its preparation method The sound wave is t when traveling at normal incidence in the target body Material The thickness of the target body is d Material 。
In a possible embodiment, the echo data of the transmitting array element may also be acquired by a part of the array elements. At this time, part of array elements of the multi-array element ultrasonic transducer can be used as receiving array elements to collect echo data of a certain transmitting array element according to the setting.
The technical features described above may be arbitrarily combined. Although not all possible combinations of features are described, any combination of features should be considered to be covered by the description provided that such combinations are not inconsistent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic thickness measurement method is characterized in that ultrasonic waves are emitted through a multi-array element probe, the thickness of a target body is measured in a mode of collecting echo data through a full matrix, the multi-array element probe comprises n array elements, and n is a natural number, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring full matrix echo data of n transmitting array elements, wherein the n array elements transmit ultrasonic waves into a target body one by one according to a set sequence, and the n array elements all receive reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves;
arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together to obtain a wave train of the ith transmitting array element; then arranging wave trains of m transmitting array elements together to obtain a wave train diagram containing m groups of echo data, wherein m is less than or equal to n, and i is epsilon n;
extracting a plurality of superimposed amplitude diagrams corresponding to arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves of an ith transmitting array element according to the wave train diagram;
combining the amplitude diagrams and the wave train diagrams of the arrival time of the plurality of normal incidence reflected waves, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds, and calculating according to the plurality of equivalent matching speeds to obtain an average equivalent speed;
the method comprises the steps of arranging reflected wave arrival time data of self-emitted ultrasonic waves received by a plurality of array elements according to a set sequence to obtain a plane waveform chart, and extracting normal incidence travel time of the ultrasonic waves in a target body;
and calculating to obtain the thickness of the target body according to the average equivalent speed during normal incidence traveling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the arranging together the full matrix echo data for the ith transmit element comprises:
and arranging the full matrix echo data of the ith transmitting array element together according to the transmitting sequence of the n array elements.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting a plurality of superimposed amplitude patterns corresponding to arrival times of normal incidence reflected waves from the wave train pattern of the ith transmit element comprises:
and extracting all superimposed amplitude graphs corresponding to the arrival time of normal incidence reflected waves from the wave train graphs of the ith transmitting array element.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining the superimposed amplitude plot corresponding to the arrival time of the plurality of normal incidence reflected waves with the wave train plot of the i-th transmitting element, determining a plurality of equivalent matching speeds comprises:
and combining the amplitude diagrams of all normal incidence reflected waves at the arrival time with the wave train diagrams of the ith transmitting array element to determine all equivalent matching speeds.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating an average equivalent speed from the plurality of equivalent matching speeds comprises:
and calculating according to all equivalent matching speeds to obtain the average equivalent speed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring plane waveform data spontaneously received by the plurality of array elements and extracting normal incidence travel of ultrasound waves within the subject comprises:
arranging ultrasonic echo data received by a plurality of array elements and emitted by the array elements together to obtain a normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram;
and acquiring normal incidence travel time according to the normal incidence wave arrival time plane waveform diagram.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the arranging together echo data received by a plurality of array elements from self-emitted ultrasound waves comprises:
acoustic data of normal incidence reflected waves emitted by the array elements are arranged together.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the arranging together the self-transmitted ultrasound echo data received by the plurality of array elements further comprises:
and arranging the ultrasonic echo data which are received by all array elements and are transmitted by the array elements.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said deriving a target body thickness from said average equivalent velocity at normal incidence travel further comprises:
when the multi-array element probe has a distance from the target body, the average equivalent speed is converted into the actual equivalent speed.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said converting the average equivalent speed to the actual equivalent speed comprises:
the average equivalent velocity is converted to the target actual velocity according to the dix formula.
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