CN114773123B - Environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Weighing polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water, heating and stirring; cooling after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone and water-based acrylate emulsion, stirring at constant temperature, adding fly ash zeolite powder after completely and uniformly mixing, and continuously stirring to obtain a water-based composite solution; spraying the water-based composite solution on the surfaces of preheated urea particles uniformly through high-speed hot air flow atomization, and carrying out ventilation drying to form a slow-release layer; spraying palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer. The environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer integrates the functions of controlling nutrient release and water retention, and is a fertilizer with the functions of nutrient slow-release, drought resistance, water conservation and soil improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The production and the usage of chemical fertilizers are the first in the world, however, the utilization rate of the effective nutrients of chemical fertilizers in China is lower, so that huge waste of energy and financial resources is caused, and serious pollution of soil and water is caused. Therefore, how to greatly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and realize sustainable development of agriculture and environment is an important problem to be solved in the current process of guaranteeing the safety of grains and environment. The application of coated slow release fertilizers is an important approach to solve this problem.
The coated slow release fertilizer is characterized in that fertilizer particles are taken as cores, the release speed of fertilizer nutrients is controlled in a coated mode, and the soil nutrient supply is synchronized with the crop nutrient demand, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the coated slow release fertilizer is a novel chemical fertilizer with long fertilizer efficiency period and less nutrient loss. According to the types of coating materials, the coated slow-release fertilizers are divided into two main types, namely inorganic coating and organic polymer coating. Inorganic matter coating materials such as zeolite coated urea and sulfur coated urea are low in price, do not harm soil, and can provide necessary nutrients for crops. However, the coated fertilizer has poor elasticity, is fragile and has unsatisfactory slow release effect. The organic natural polymer coating materials such as starch, shellac and the like have wide sources and are easy to biodegrade, belong to environment-friendly materials, but have poor slow release characteristics and are difficult to apply at present. The organic synthetic polymer coating materials such as phenolic resin, polyolefin, urea resin and the like have good nutrient release control performance, good elasticity and easy mechanized fertilization, are main coating materials in the prior industry, but the polymer coating materials are difficult to degrade by themselves or adopt organic solvents in preparation, and have the problems of environmental pollution, high cost and the like.
And water is an important development direction for replacing organic solvents in the coating industry due to the characteristics of wide sources, environmental friendliness and the like. Compared with the traditional coated fertilizer, the water-based polymer does not need an organic solvent in the synthesis process, and the finished product is odorless and easy to degrade, thus being regarded as an ideal environment-friendly coated controlled release material. The water-based polymer coating materials as disclosed in the patents CN101823917a and CN101182269B have many advantages in terms of price and environmental friendliness, but the large-scale application thereof is limited by insufficient film strength, poor water resistance and the like. At present, various modes of modification are carried out on the water-based polymer coating material, so that the mechanical strength of the coating material is improved, and the method has very important significance in slowing down the nutrient release rate of the coated fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer based on a water-based polymer and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer integrates the functions of controlling nutrient release and water retention, and is a fertilizer with the functions of nutrient slow-release, drought resistance, water conservation and soil improvement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer, which comprises urea and a coating layer coated on the surface of the urea; the coating layer comprises an inner slow-release layer and an outer protective layer; the inner slow release layer is a water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite slow release film, and the outer protective layer is palm oil.
Further, the water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite slow-release film comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 15-23 parts of aqueous acrylic emulsion, 1-2 parts of fly ash zeolite powder and 580-630 parts of deionized water. Among the raw materials, polyvinyl alcohol is nontoxic and harmless, and can be degraded by environmental microorganisms to synthesize a high molecular polymer coating material; the polyvinylpyrrolidone has excellent solubility, low toxicity, film forming property and chemical stability, and the physical properties of the film material can be obviously improved after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is copolymerized with the polyvinyl alcohol. The aqueous acrylic ester emulsion has no pollution, no toxicity, no irritation, stable storage and low price, and can obviously improve the water resistance of the membrane material after being added into the slow-release membrane material. The fly ash zeolite powder has large surface area, has adsorptivity and rheological property, can play an excellent role in controlling fertilizer, can improve soil and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals and organic pollutants when being applied to the soil.
Further, the weight portion of the palm oil is 60-80; the weight portion of the urea is 700 portions. Among the above materials, palm oil can be used as a matrix forming material in a controlled release system to enhance the film strength of coated fertilizers.
Further, the mass of the coating layer accounts for 10-20% of the mass of the coated urea fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water, heating and stirring; cooling after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone and water-based acrylate emulsion, stirring at constant temperature, adding fly ash zeolite powder after completely and uniformly mixing, and continuously stirring to obtain a water-based composite solution;
step 2: spraying the water-based composite solution on the surfaces of preheated urea particles uniformly through high-speed hot air flow atomization, and carrying out ventilation drying to form a slow-release layer;
step 3: spraying palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
Further, according to the weight portions, 30 to 45 portions of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 to 5 portions of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 15 to 23 portions of aqueous acrylic emulsion, 1 to 2 portions of fly ash zeolite powder, 580 to 630 portions of deionized water, 700 portions of urea and 60 to 80 portions of palm oil.
Further, in the heating and stirring process, the temperature is 88-92 ℃. The polyvinyl alcohol can be dissolved completely at this temperature.
Further, in the constant temperature stirring process, the temperature is 58-63 ℃ and the time is 120-150 min. At the temperature, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone can be copolymerized to form a water-based copolymer after being stirred for a period of time, and the water-based copolymer and the water-based acrylic ester emulsion can be stirred and mixed uniformly.
Further, the temperature of continuous stirring after adding the fly ash zeolite powder is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 50-70 min. The purpose is to have the zeolite powder uniformly dispersed in the solution.
Further, the preheating temperature of the urea particles is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 10-20 min. The urea is preheated for a period of time at the temperature, so that the solution can be better wrapped.
Further, the grain diameter of the urea particles is 2-4 mm, and the grain diameter of the fly ash zeolite powder particles is 5-10 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer is a novel fertilizer with a double-layer film structure, wherein the inner layer material has nutrient controlled release property, and the outer layer material has good water retention property.
(2) The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is a coated slow-release fertilizer, and can be applied to soil to release fertilizer nutrients according to a certain rule, so that the utilization rate of the urea fertilizer is improved, and the leaching loss of the fertilizer is reduced. Meanwhile, the fertilizer has a water-retaining function, can absorb and retain water after being applied to soil, and can be absorbed and utilized by plants when the plants need, so that the water utilization rate in the soil is improved.
(3) The invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water-based acrylic ester emulsion and fly ash zeolite which are widely available, environment-friendly, cheap and easy to obtain as raw materials, water as solvent, organic polymer copolymerization theory as basis, and solution copolymerization technology to prepare the water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite powder composite coating material. It has good film forming and mechanical properties, and can be naturally degraded in nature. In addition, the zeolite is used as a membrane material with great potential, so that the mechanical strength of the membrane material can be effectively enhanced, and the zeolite in the membrane shell can be continuously used for the ecological environment of soil after degradation.
(4) The fly ash zeolite added into the inner slow release layer has porosity, can adsorb dissolved ammonium ions, and reduces leaching loss; can adsorb free water molecules and soil microorganisms, and the microorganisms can change the degradation speed of organic matters in the membrane material. After the coating layer is degraded, the remained fly ash zeolite can increase the porosity of soil and reduce the volume weight of soil. Simultaneously releasing ammonium ions and free water molecules, enhancing the water retention capacity of soil and prolonging the nutrient release period.
(5) The coated urea fertilizer disclosed by the invention has excellent biodegradability, effectively avoids secondary pollution to soil, gradually decomposes into small molecular substances under the degradation of microorganisms after being applied to the soil, can provide necessary water and nutrients for crops, improves the life activities of plants, and meanwhile, does not cause the problems of soil degradation, fertility reduction and the like, and is a novel environment-friendly fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
FIG. 2 shows an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer prepared by the coating machine.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given by taking the technical scheme of the invention as a premise, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the patent of the invention is not limited, and all technical schemes obtained by adopting equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
The invention provides an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer (see figure 1), which comprises urea and a coating layer coated on the surface of the urea; the coating layer comprises an inner slow-release layer and an outer protective layer; the inner slow release layer is a water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite slow release film, and the outer protective layer is palm oil.
The method for testing the compressive strength of the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer comprises the following steps: randomly extracting 30 particles of each coated fertilizer particle, sequentially measuring the crushing resistance of the particles, and finally taking the average value of the particles to measure the compressive strength of each coated fertilizer; and then respectively taking 50 coated fertilizers into 250mL conical flasks, capping, placing into a reciprocating shaker, shaking for 10 minutes at 150 times per minute, taking out, observing whether the surface film shell of the coated fertilizer breaks, and determining the breaking rate of each coated fertilizer by the particle breaking rate= (number of good particles before shaking-number of good particles after shaking)/100% of the number of good particles before shaking.
The invention relates to a water soaking method for testing the controlled-release performance of an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: 10g of the prepared environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer is weighed and placed in a 100-mesh nylon net bag, the nylon net bag is placed in a glass container containing 250mL of distilled water after being sealed, the glass container is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ after being sealed, and nutrient dissolution data are sampled and measured in 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 days respectively. The nitrogen dissolution rate was determined spectrophotometrically.
The nutrient release period refers to the number of days required by the accumulated release rate of the coated controlled release fertilizer in water at 25 ℃ to reach 80%.
Example 1
(1) 31.8g of polyvinyl alcohol and 621.25g of deionized water are weighed and added into a three-necked flask with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, the three-necked flask is heated to 90 ℃, solid polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved under the stirring of an electric stirrer, the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃ after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, 3.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 15.5g of aqueous acrylic ester emulsion are added, the constant temperature stirring is carried out for 2 hours, after the mixture is completely mixed uniformly, 1.25g of fly ash zeolite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m is added, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 1 hour to prepare the water-based composite solution.
(2) 700g of urea particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm are placed into a fluidized bed, preheated for 10-20 min at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the water-based composite solution obtained in the step (1) is slowly fed through a peristaltic pump, and the sample injection is atomized by high-pressure gas provided by an air compressor, so that the coating material is attached to the surface of the fertilizer under the action of high-speed hot air flow. And (3) after ventilation drying for 10min until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, spraying 60g of palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
The coated slow-release urea fertilizer prepared by the method has smooth surface, and the compression resistance test and the slow-release control performance test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 38.2g of polyvinyl alcohol and 606.25g of deionized water, adding the mixture into a three-necked flask with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, heating to 90 ℃, dissolving solid polyvinyl alcohol under the stirring of an electric stirrer, cooling to 60 ℃ after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding 3.8g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 18.5g of aqueous acrylic ester emulsion, stirring at constant temperature for 2 hours, completely mixing uniformly, adding 1.5g of fly ash zeolite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m, and stirring at high speed for 1 hour to prepare a water-based composite solution.
(2) 700g of urea particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm are placed into a fluidized bed, preheated for 10-20 min at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the water-based composite solution obtained in the step (1) is slowly fed through a peristaltic pump, and the sample injection is atomized by high-pressure gas provided by an air compressor, so that the coating material is attached to the surface of the fertilizer under the action of high-speed hot air flow. And (3) after ventilation drying for 10min until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, spraying 70g of palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
The coated slow-release urea fertilizer prepared by the method has smooth surface, and the compression resistance test and the slow-release control performance test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 44.5g of polyvinyl alcohol and 589.25g of deionized water, adding the mixture into a three-necked flask with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, heating to 90 ℃, dissolving solid polyvinyl alcohol under the stirring of an electric stirrer, cooling to 60 ℃ after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding 4.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 22g of aqueous acrylic ester emulsion, stirring at constant temperature for 2 hours, completely mixing uniformly, adding 1.75g of fly ash zeolite powder with the particle size of 5-10 mu m, and stirring at high speed for 1 hour to prepare a water-based composite solution.
(2) 700g of urea particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm are placed into a fluidized bed, preheated for 10-20 min at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the water-based composite solution obtained in the step (1) is slowly fed through a peristaltic pump, and the sample injection is atomized by high-pressure gas provided by an air compressor, so that the coating material is attached to the surface of the fertilizer under the action of high-speed hot air flow. And (3) after ventilation drying for 10min until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, spraying 80g of palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
The coated slow-release urea fertilizer prepared by the method has smooth surface, and the compression resistance test and the slow-release control performance test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The components and operation method were the same as in example 3 except that palm oil was not sprayed, to obtain a coated fertilizer.
The coated fertilizer prepared by the method has slightly concave-convex surface, and the compression resistance test and the controlled-release performance test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 coated slow release urea fertilizer performance
As can be seen from Table 1, the coated slow-release urea fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have smooth surfaces, high compressive strength and low cracking rate, which indicates that the coated fertilizers of the present invention have good appearance and high film strength. In addition, with the increase of the concentration of the coating material, the film strength of the coated fertilizer is obviously enhanced, the water resistance of the coated fertilizer is also increased to a certain extent, and the release period of fertilizer nutrients is prolonged, which shows that the slow release performance of the coated fertilizer is greatly dependent on the concentration of the coating material.
Claims (6)
1. An environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer is characterized in that: comprises urea and a coating layer coated on the surface of the urea; the coating layer comprises an inner slow-release layer and an outer protective layer; the inner slow-release layer is a water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite slow-release film, and the outer protective layer is palm oil;
the water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite slow-release film comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 15-23 parts of aqueous acrylic ester emulsion, 1-2 parts of fly ash zeolite powder and 580-630 parts of deionized water; the weight part of urea is 700 parts; 60-80 parts of palm oil;
the mass of the coating layer accounts for 10-20% of the mass of the coated urea fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: weighing polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water, heating and stirring; cooling after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone and water-based acrylate emulsion, stirring at constant temperature, adding fly ash zeolite powder after completely and uniformly mixing, and continuously stirring to obtain a water-based composite solution;
the temperature of continuous stirring after the fly ash zeolite powder is added is 50-60 ℃ and the time is 50-70 min;
step 2: spraying the water-based composite solution on the surfaces of preheated urea particles uniformly through high-speed hot air flow atomization, and carrying out ventilation drying to form a slow-release layer;
the preheating temperature of the urea particles is 50-60 ℃ and the preheating time is 10-20 min;
step 3: spraying palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: 30-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 15-23 parts of aqueous acrylic emulsion, 1-2 parts of fly ash zeolite powder, 580-630 parts of deionized water, 700 parts of urea and 60-80 parts of palm oil.
4. The method for preparing the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the heating and stirring process, the temperature is 88-92 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the constant temperature stirring process, the temperature is 58-63 ℃ and the time is 120-150 min.
6. The method for preparing the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the particle size of the urea particles is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of the fly ash zeolite powder particles is 5-10 mu m.
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