CN114769873A - Composite laser welding method - Google Patents
Composite laser welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769873A CN114769873A CN202210178180.7A CN202210178180A CN114769873A CN 114769873 A CN114769873 A CN 114769873A CN 202210178180 A CN202210178180 A CN 202210178180A CN 114769873 A CN114769873 A CN 114769873A
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- laser
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- preheating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite laser welding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing a workpiece to be welded on a welding workbench; (2) laser preheating: the laser beam moves along the welding line at the position of the welding line to preheat a workpiece to be welded; (3) laser cleaning: the laser beam moves along the welding seam at the welding seam position to carry out laser cleaning, carbon generated in the preheating process is separated out, and an oxide layer and other impurities are cleaned; (4) laser welding: the laser beam moves within and along the weld for welding. The laser preheating realizes a mode of locally preheating the position of the welding line, and the laser preheating is carried out on the position of the welding line of the workpiece to be welded before welding, so that the laser absorption rate of the material to be welded to laser is higher, thicker materials can be welded by lower laser power, the welding penetration is increased, and the product is not easy to generate air holes after laser cleaning. The welding process can greatly improve the strength of the welding seam and effectively improve all defects of the laser process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a composite laser welding method.
Background
At present, a plurality of composite welding technologies exist in the field of laser welding, such as an AMB technology of IPG, and an annular light spot technology is added outside a main light spot, so that low-spatter welding can be realized; the Gaussian beam welding technology with different wavelengths can also realize low-spatter welding, and the green light and blue light laser technology also has an improvement effect on spatter. In order to reduce air holes, a laser cleaning technology before welding is developed; laser power is also increasing continuously to increase the depth of the weld, and laser swing welding techniques are used to improve weld surface formation. However, these techniques improve the effect of the weld defect in only one or two aspects, and fail to solve many of the welding problems as a whole. Such as cracking problems, penetration problems, porosity problems, spattering problems, and gap tolerance problems.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a hybrid laser welding method that greatly improves the strength of the weld joint and effectively improves all defects of the laser process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite laser welding method which greatly improves the strength of a welding seam and effectively improves all defects of a laser process.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme: a composite laser welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a workpiece to be welded on a welding workbench;
(2) laser preheating: the laser beam moves along the welding line at the position of the welding line to preheat a workpiece to be welded;
(3) laser cleaning: the laser beam moves along the welding seam at the welding seam position to carry out laser cleaning, carbon generated in the preheating process is separated out, and an oxide layer and other impurities are cleaned;
(4) laser welding: the laser beam moves within and along the weld for welding.
The laser preheating realizes the mode of local preheating of the welding seam position, and the laser preheating is carried out on the welding seam position of the workpiece to be welded before welding, because the laser preheating is the local preheating of the welding seam and is non-contact, compared with the integral workpiece or other heating methods, the laser preheating is easier to realize, the laser absorption rate of the material to be welded to laser is higher, thicker materials can be welded by lower laser power, the welding penetration is increased, and the product is not easy to generate air holes after laser cleaning.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (2), the preheating temperature is increased to a temperature which ensures that the temperature around the welding seam is higher than the temperature for reducing the generation of cracks. According to different materials, considering the self-cooling of the workpiece, the preheating temperature is properly increased, so that the temperature around the welding seam is increased to be higher than the temperature for reducing the generation of cracks, and the laser beam not only has the preheating function, but also can melt a surface coating, such as zinc, and can be directly removed; the weld penetration can also be increased.
The further technical scheme is that protective gas is used for welding in the step (4). By adopting the arrangement, the generation of plasma and glow phenomenon is reduced.
The further technical scheme is that laser swing welding is adopted in the step (4). The swing welding is more beneficial to the forming of the surface of a welding seam, is not easy to generate air holes, reduces cracks and the generation of splashing conditions, and also improves the tolerance of the welding seam clearance.
And (3) further adopting the laser beam in the step (2) to move along the welding seam to carry out annealing operation after the step (4) is finished.
For some special materials, the operation is adopted after welding, and the welding seam is annealed, so that the welding seam strength can be greatly improved.
The further technical scheme is that the operation of the step (3) is firstly carried out, and then the operation of the step (2) is carried out. For different materials, the laser cleaning can be carried out firstly, and then the laser preheating is carried out on the product.
The further technical scheme is that the light spots of the laser beams in the step (2) are square or round light spots, and the power distribution of the light spots is uniform, namely the flat-topped laser beams.
The further technical scheme is that all laser beams can swing or not swing and are determined according to the actual process requirements of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the laser welding method has the advantages that three different laser processes of laser preheating, laser cleaning and laser welding are adopted simultaneously, the laser preheating is carried out on the welding seam position of the workpiece to be welded before welding, the laser absorption rate of the material to be welded to laser is higher, the laser welding is lower in laser power and can weld thicker materials, the welding penetration is increased, and after the laser cleaning, the product is not prone to generate air holes. The welding process can greatly improve the strength of the welding seam and effectively improve all defects of the laser process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a welding state of a hybrid laser welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which arrows indicate a welding proceeding direction.
In the figure:
1 workpiece to be welded 2 weld bead 3 preheating laser beam 4 cleaning laser beam
5 welding laser beam
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, and the description in this section is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine features from the embodiments in this document and from different embodiments accordingly, based on the description in this document.
The embodiment of the invention is as follows, referring to fig. 1, a composite laser welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a workpiece 1 to be welded on a welding workbench;
(2) laser preheating: preheating laser beams 3 (flat-top light laser beams) run to the positions of the welding seams 2, and the lasers are turned on to emit light; the preheating laser beam 3 moves along the welding seam 2 at the position of the welding seam 2 to preheat a workpiece to be welded;
(3) laser cleaning: the cleaning laser beam 4 moves to the position of the welding seam 2, the laser is turned on to emit light, the cleaning laser beam 4 moves along the welding seam 2 at the position of the welding seam 2 to carry out laser cleaning by using a laser cleaning function, carbon generated in the preheating process is separated out, and an oxide layer and other impurities are cleaned;
(4) laser welding: and the welding laser beam 5 runs to the position of the welding seam 2, the laser is switched on to emit light, and the welding laser beam 5 moves in the welding seam 2 and along the welding seam 2 to weld.
The laser preheating realizes the mode of local preheating of the position of the welding seam 2, and the laser preheating is carried out on the position of the welding seam 2 of the workpiece to be welded before welding, because the laser preheating is the local preheating of the welding seam and is non-contact, the laser preheating is easier to realize compared with the integral workpiece or other heating methods, the laser absorption rate of the material to be welded to laser is higher, the lower laser power can weld thicker materials, the welding penetration is increased, and the product is not easy to generate air holes after laser cleaning.
It should be noted that all the laser beams in steps (2) - (4) may be overlapped, as shown in fig. 1, or may be partially overlapped or scattered, and are specifically used according to different materials. All laser beams can be processed at either the focal or off-focal positions. Lasers with different wavelengths can also be used for realizing laser preheating, cleaning and welding; the three laser beam composite welding of the embodiment of the invention adopts three separate processing modes of the same laser head temporarily, which does not exclude the mode that three laser spots can be compounded into one or two laser beams along with the development of optics and materials.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, in steps (2) to (4), cleaning is not necessarily performed after preheating is completed, and welding is performed after cleaning is completed, but the preheating laser beam 3 may be passed in front of the cleaning laser beam 4, the cleaning laser beam 4 may be passed in front of the welding laser beam 5, and the portion after laser preheating is subjected to laser cleaning, and the portion after laser cleaning is subjected to laser welding.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the preheating temperature is increased to a temperature that ensures that the temperature around the weld 2 is above the temperature that reduces the generation of cracks. According to different materials, considering the self-cooling of the workpiece, the preheating temperature is properly increased, so that the temperature around the welding seam 2 is increased to be higher than the temperature for reducing the generation of cracks, and the preheating laser beam 3 not only has the preheating function, but also can melt a surface coating, such as zinc, and can be directly removed; the weld penetration can also be increased.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the welding is performed by using a shielding gas. By adopting the arrangement, the generation of plasma and glow phenomenon is reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, laser swing welding is used in the step (4). The swing welding is more beneficial to the surface forming of the welding seam 2, is not easy to generate air holes, reduces cracks and the splashing condition and also improves the tolerance of the gap of the welding seam 2.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, after the step (4) is completed, the preheating laser beam 3 in the step (2) is moved along the weld 2 to perform the annealing operation. For some special materials, the operation is adopted after welding is finished, and the welding seam 2 is annealed, so that the strength of the welding seam 2 can be greatly improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, the operation of step (3) is performed first, and then the operation of step (2) is performed. For different materials, the laser cleaning can be carried out firstly, and then the laser preheating is carried out on the product.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the spot of the preheated laser beam 3 in step (2) is a square or circular spot, and the power distribution of the spot is uniform, i.e. a flat-top laser beam.
Of course, all laser beams can swing or not swing, and the laser beams are determined according to the actual process requirements of the workpiece.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A composite laser welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a workpiece to be welded on a welding workbench;
(2) laser preheating: the laser beam moves along the welding line at the position of the welding line to preheat a workpiece to be welded;
(3) laser cleaning: the laser beam moves along the welding seam at the welding seam position to carry out laser cleaning, carbon generated in the preheating process is separated out, and an oxide layer and other impurities are cleaned;
(4) laser welding: the laser beam moves within and along the weld for welding.
2. The hybrid laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature in step (2) is increased to a temperature that ensures that the temperature around the weld is above a temperature that reduces crack generation.
3. The hybrid laser welding method according to claim 2, wherein welding is performed using a shielding gas in the step (4).
4. The hybrid laser welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein laser oscillation welding is used in step (4).
5. The hybrid laser welding method according to claim 4, wherein the annealing operation is performed by moving the laser beam along the weld joint in step (2) after step (4) is completed.
6. The hybrid laser welding method according to claim 4, wherein the operation of step (3) is performed first and then the operation of step (2) is performed.
7. The hybrid laser welding method according to claim 5, wherein the spot of the laser beam in step (2) is a square or circular spot, and the power distribution of the spot is uniform.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210178180.7A CN114769873A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Composite laser welding method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210178180.7A CN114769873A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Composite laser welding method |
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| CN114769873A true CN114769873A (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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| CN202210178180.7A Pending CN114769873A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Composite laser welding method |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101564799A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Compound welding method by using semiconductor laser and CO2 laser |
| CN101607311A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method |
| CN103056523A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Multi-beam laser welding method |
| CN105750743A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-13 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | Laser welding device and method based on laser cleaning pretreatment |
| CN110682015A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-01-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving appearance quality and performance of laser lap welding weld of galvanized plate |
| CN111360406A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding method for plate consisting of steel substrate and precoating |
| CN111545905A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pulse laser preheated double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding system and method |
| CN112518109A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉大学 | High-frequency laser pulse method applied to dissimilar metal composite heat source welding |
-
2022
- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210178180.7A patent/CN114769873A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101564799A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Compound welding method by using semiconductor laser and CO2 laser |
| CN101607311A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2009-12-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of fusion of metal powder of three beams of laser compound scanning quick forming method |
| CN103056523A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Multi-beam laser welding method |
| CN105750743A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-13 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | Laser welding device and method based on laser cleaning pretreatment |
| CN111360406A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding method for plate consisting of steel substrate and precoating |
| CN110682015A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-01-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving appearance quality and performance of laser lap welding weld of galvanized plate |
| CN111545905A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pulse laser preheated double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding system and method |
| CN112518109A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉大学 | High-frequency laser pulse method applied to dissimilar metal composite heat source welding |
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