CN114769585A - A kind of cold spray forming method of Cu-Cr-Nb alloy - Google Patents
A kind of cold spray forming method of Cu-Cr-Nb alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Cu‑Cr‑Nb系合金的冷喷涂成形方法，包括：将筛选的Cu‑Cr‑Nb粉末材料烘干；将Cu‑Cr‑Nb粉末利用冷喷涂设备喷涂至基底材料上，获得Cu‑Cr‑Nb喷涂层；进行真空退火处理，以消除喷涂层的界面缺陷；精密加工去除基底材料，得到Cu‑Cr‑Nb系合金成形件。本发明的方法实现了Cu‑Cr‑Nb合金的快速成形，结合后续低温真空退火处理，进行组织优化，消除喷涂层内部的界面缺陷。由于采用了低温处理工艺，Cr2Nb相未发生粗化，保证了合金的力学性能，经冷喷涂成形的Cu‑Cr‑Nb合金的硬度可达200‑300HV，Cr2Nb相尺寸保持2‑8μm。
The invention discloses a cold spray forming method for Cu-Cr-Nb series alloy, which comprises: drying the screened Cu-Cr-Nb powder material; spraying the Cu-Cr-Nb powder on the base material by using cold spray equipment , to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb spray coating; vacuum annealing treatment is performed to eliminate the interface defects of the spray coating; precision machining removes the base material to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed part. The method of the invention realizes the rapid forming of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloy, and combines the subsequent low-temperature vacuum annealing treatment to optimize the structure and eliminate the interface defects inside the sprayed layer. Due to the low temperature treatment process, the Cr 2 Nb phase is not coarsened, which ensures the mechanical properties of the alloy. The hardness of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed by cold spraying can reach 200-300HV, and the size of the Cr2Nb phase remains 2-8 μm.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及铜合金制备技术领域，具体涉及一种Cu-Cr-Nb系合金的冷喷涂成形方法。The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy preparation, in particular to a cold spray forming method of a Cu-Cr-Nb series alloy.
背景技术Background technique
Cu-Cr-Nb合金中的强化相Cr2Nb相是一种金属间化合物，具有高熔点(约1730℃)与高温稳定性，使得该类合金具有优异的导电、热膨胀、抗蠕变、高强度、高延展性和优良抗低频疲劳等性能，是火箭发动机燃烧室内衬的理想材料。但是，由于合金在普通熔铸制备过程中的缓慢冷却会导致Cr2Nb相明显粗化，尺寸达到1厘米，失去强化效果。因此该类合金只能先通过气雾法制备粉末，以防止Cr2Nb相长大。为了将Cu-Cr-Nb材料应用于服役场景，还需要将Cu-Cr-Nb粉末固化成完全致密的块体材料。而目前采用的热等静压、真空等离子喷涂等技术采用的温度较高，仍会引起部分Cr2Nb相颗粒长大。此外，目前的热等静压、真空等离子喷涂等Cu-Cr-Nb粉末的固化工艺成本较高，效率较低，限制了该类材料的应用与推广。The strengthening phase Cr 2 Nb phase in Cu-Cr-Nb alloy is an intermetallic compound with high melting point (about 1730℃) and high temperature stability, which makes this kind of alloy have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal expansion, creep resistance, high Strength, high ductility, and excellent low-frequency fatigue resistance make it an ideal material for rocket engine combustion chamber linings. However, due to the slow cooling of the alloy during the preparation of ordinary melting and casting, the Cr 2 Nb phase will be significantly coarsened, the size will reach 1 cm, and the strengthening effect will be lost. Therefore, this kind of alloy can only be prepared by aerosol method to prevent the growth of Cr 2 Nb phase. In order to apply the Cu-Cr-Nb material to service scenarios, it is also necessary to solidify the Cu-Cr-Nb powder into a fully dense bulk material. However, the currently used technologies such as hot isostatic pressing and vacuum plasma spraying use relatively high temperatures, which will still cause some Cr 2 Nb phase particles to grow. In addition, the current curing processes of Cu-Cr-Nb powders such as hot isostatic pressing and vacuum plasma spraying have high cost and low efficiency, which limit the application and promotion of such materials.
专利CN111440963B、CN112553500A、CN110218897A中均采用气雾法制备Cu-Cr-Nb合金粉末，随后利用热压、SPS等工艺实现合金制备，粉末固化温度均高于800℃，在处理过程中无法避免Cr2Nb相发生粗化而降低合金性能。此外，以上方法的成本均较高，生产效率低。当前有关Cu-Cr-Nb合金制备方法，均存在一定的技术缺陷，难以有效抑制Cr2Nb相粗化并实现高效生产。In the patents CN111440963B, CN112553500A and CN110218897A, the Cu-Cr - Nb alloy powder is prepared by the aerosol method, and then the alloy is prepared by hot pressing and SPS. The coarsening of the Nb phase reduces the properties of the alloy. In addition, the above methods all have high cost and low production efficiency. The current preparation methods of Cu-Cr-Nb alloys all have certain technical defects, and it is difficult to effectively suppress the coarsening of the Cr 2 Nb phase and achieve efficient production.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述已有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种Cu-Cr-Nb系合金的冷喷涂成形方法。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a cold spray forming method of a Cu-Cr-Nb alloy.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
一种Cu-Cr-Nb系合金的冷喷涂成形方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：A cold spray forming method of Cu-Cr-Nb alloy, characterized in that the method comprises:
(1)将筛选的Cu-Cr-Nb粉末材料烘干；(1) drying the screened Cu-Cr-Nb powder material;
(2)将经步骤(1)得到的Cu-Cr-Nb粉末利用冷喷涂设备喷涂至基底材料上，获得Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层；(2) spraying the Cu-Cr-Nb powder obtained in step (1) onto the base material by using a cold spraying device to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb spray coating;
(3)对经步骤(2)得到的Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层进行真空退火处理，以消除喷涂层的界面缺陷；(3) vacuum annealing the Cu-Cr-Nb spray coating obtained in step (2) to eliminate the interface defects of the spray coating;
(4)对经步骤(3)得到的喷涂层进行精密加工去除基底材料，得到Cu-Cr-Nb系合金成形件(板材或者圆筒形件)。(4) Precisely process the sprayed layer obtained in step (3) to remove the base material to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed part (plate or cylindrical part).
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中Cu-Cr-Nb粉末成分的原子百分比组成包括：Cr 4-8at.％，Nb2-4at.％，余量为Cu和不可避免的杂质。Further, the atomic percentage composition of the Cu-Cr-Nb powder component in the step (1) includes: Cr 4-8at.%, Nb2-4at.%, and the balance is Cu and inevitable impurities.
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中Cu-Cr-Nb粉末粒径为20-50μm，粉末中Cr2Nb相尺寸小于8μm。Further, in the step (1), the particle size of the Cu-Cr-Nb powder is 20-50 μm, and the size of the Cr 2 Nb phase in the powder is less than 8 μm.
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中基底材料为表面喷砂处理的铜板或圆筒形铜材。Further, in the step (2), the base material is a surface sandblasted copper plate or a cylindrical copper material.
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中将基底材料固定在转速为80～150rpm的旋转轴上进行喷涂。Further, in the step (2), the base material is fixed on a rotating shaft with a rotational speed of 80-150 rpm for spraying.
进一步地，所述步骤(2)中利用冷喷涂设备喷涂的工艺参数包括：载气为压缩空气、氮气或氩气中的一种，载气压力为2～6MPa，预热温度为400-500℃，基底材料表面与喷枪的喷嘴出口的距离为30～60mm，喷枪移动速度为3～10mm/s。Further, the process parameters for spraying with cold spray equipment in the step (2) include: the carrier gas is one of compressed air, nitrogen or argon, the carrier gas pressure is 2-6MPa, and the preheating temperature is 400-500 ℃, the distance between the surface of the base material and the nozzle outlet of the spray gun is 30-60 mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 3-10 mm/s.
进一步地，所述步骤(3)中真空退火处理的退火温度为600℃～800℃，处理时间为1.5h～3h。Further, the annealing temperature of the vacuum annealing treatment in the step (3) is 600° C.˜800° C., and the processing time is 1.5 h˜3 h.
进一步地，得到的Cu-Cr-Nb系合金成形件，显微组织中Cr2Nb相的尺寸为2-8μm，组织内部无界面缺陷，维氏硬度达到200～300HV。Further, in the obtained Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed part, the size of the Cr 2 Nb phase in the microstructure is 2-8 μm, there is no interface defect inside the structure, and the Vickers hardness reaches 200-300HV.
本发明涉及的制备Cu-Cr-Nb系合金方法，是利用冷喷涂技术将固态金属粉末在低于材料熔点温度下利用高压气体将金属粉末加速至超音速并连续喷射至基底材料上，使粉末颗粒发生强烈塑性变形并堆积成块体的过程。是一种基于高变形速率、大变形的制造工艺。冷喷涂具有高沉积速率、涂层厚度不受限制、残余热应力较低、材料不易氧化等优点。The method for preparing Cu-Cr-Nb alloys involved in the present invention is to use cold spray technology to accelerate solid metal powder to supersonic speed with high-pressure gas at a temperature lower than the melting point of the material, and continuously spray the metal powder onto the base material, so that the powder is The process in which particles undergo strong plastic deformation and pack into blocks. It is a manufacturing process based on high deformation rate and large deformation. Cold spray has the advantages of high deposition rate, unlimited coating thickness, low residual thermal stress, and the material is not easily oxidized.
本发明的有益技术效果，将冷喷涂技术应用于Cu-Cr-Nb粉末的固化成形，实现Cu-Cr-Nb合金的快速成形，结合后续低温真空退火处理，进行组织优化，消除喷涂层内部的界面缺陷。由于采用了低温处理工艺，Cr2Nb相未发生粗化，保证了合金的力学性能，经冷喷涂成形的Cu-Cr-Nb合金的硬度可达200-300HV，Cr2Nb相尺寸保持2-8μm。The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that the cold spraying technology is applied to the solidification and forming of the Cu-Cr-Nb powder to realize the rapid forming of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloy. Combined with the subsequent low-temperature vacuum annealing treatment, the microstructure is optimized, and the internal structure of the sprayed layer is eliminated. Interface defects. Due to the low temperature treatment process, the Cr 2 Nb phase is not coarsened, which ensures the mechanical properties of the alloy. The hardness of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed by cold spraying can reach 200-300HV, and the size of the Cr 2 Nb phase remains 2- 8μm.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明得到的Cu-Cr-Nb合金显微组织形貌图。Fig. 1 is the microstructure morphology diagram of the Cu-Cr-Nb alloy obtained by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or can be prepared by existing methods.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例的Cu-Cr-Nb系合金冷喷涂制备方法，包括以下步骤：The Cu-Cr-Nb series alloy cold spray preparation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1)选择原子百分比成分为Cu-4at.％Cr-2at.％Nb，粒径为25μm，Cr2Nb相尺寸小于5μm的粉末，在真空干燥箱中80℃条件下烘干30min得到冷喷涂粉末原料；选用冷轧后喷砂处理的电解铜板作为基底材料，基底材料固定在转速为120rpm的旋转轴上。(1) Select the powder with atomic percentage composition of Cu-4at.%Cr-2at.%Nb, particle size of 25μm, and Cr 2 Nb phase size less than 5μm, and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 80℃ for 30min to obtain cold spraying Powder raw material; the electrolytic copper plate treated by sandblasting after cold rolling is selected as the base material, and the base material is fixed on a rotating shaft with a speed of 120rpm.
步骤2、将Cu-Cr-Nb粉末利用冷喷涂设备喷涂至基底材料上，获得Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层。冷喷涂的工艺参数为：载气为压缩空气，载气压力为3MPa，预热温度为420℃，基底材料表面与喷枪喷嘴出口的距离为50mm，喷枪以5mm/s移动速度上下移动。Step 2, spraying the Cu-Cr-Nb powder onto the base material by using a cold spraying device to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer. The process parameters of cold spraying are: the carrier gas is compressed air, the carrier gas pressure is 3MPa, the preheating temperature is 420℃, the distance between the surface of the base material and the nozzle outlet of the spray gun is 50mm, and the spray gun moves up and down at a moving speed of 5mm/s.
步骤3、将步骤2获得的Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层放入真空退火炉中进行650℃，保温2h的退火处理。Step 3. Put the Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer obtained in step 2 into a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment at 650° C. for 2 hours.
步骤4、对步骤3退火处理的喷涂层进行车削加工去除基底材料，得到成品Cu-Cr-Nb合金成形件。合金中的Cr2Nb相尺寸仍保持小于5μm，合金硬度为215HV。Step 4, performing turning processing on the sprayed layer annealed in step 3 to remove the base material to obtain a finished Cu-Cr-Nb alloy formed part. The size of the Cr 2 Nb phase in the alloy remains less than 5μm, and the alloy hardness is 215HV.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例的Cu-Cr-Nb系合金冷喷涂制备方法，包括以下步骤：The Cu-Cr-Nb series alloy cold spray preparation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1)选择原子百分比成分为Cu-8at.％Cr-4at.％Nb，粒径为50μm，Cr2Nb相尺寸2-5μm的粉末，在真空干燥箱中90℃条件下烘干20min得到冷喷涂粉末原料；选用冷轧后喷砂处理的电解铜圆筒作为基底材料，基底材料固定在转速为150rpm的旋转轴上。(1) Select the powder with atomic percentage composition of Cu-8at.%Cr-4at.%Nb, particle size of 50μm, and Cr 2 Nb phase size of 2-5μm, and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 90 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain cold The powder raw material is sprayed; the electrolytic copper cylinder treated by sandblasting after cold rolling is selected as the base material, and the base material is fixed on a rotating shaft with a rotation speed of 150 rpm.
步骤2、将Cu-Cr-Nb粉末利用冷喷涂设备喷涂至基底材料上，获得Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层。冷喷涂的工艺参数为：载气为氮气，载气压力为5MPa，预热温度为450℃，基底材料表面与喷枪喷嘴出口的距离为40mm，喷枪以6mm/s移动速度上下移动。Step 2, spraying the Cu-Cr-Nb powder onto the base material by using a cold spraying device to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer. The process parameters of cold spraying are: the carrier gas is nitrogen, the carrier gas pressure is 5MPa, the preheating temperature is 450℃, the distance between the surface of the base material and the nozzle outlet of the spray gun is 40mm, and the spray gun moves up and down at a moving speed of 6mm/s.
步骤3、将步骤2获得的Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层放入真空退火炉中进行700℃，保温3h的退火处理。Step 3. Put the Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer obtained in step 2 into a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment at 700° C. for 3 hours.
步骤4、对步骤3退火处理的喷涂层进行车削加工去除基底材料，得到成品Cu-Cr-Nb合金圆筒形件。合金中的Cr2Nb相尺寸仍保持2-5μm，合金硬度为289HV。Step 4, performing turning processing on the sprayed layer annealed in step 3 to remove the base material to obtain a finished Cu-Cr-Nb alloy cylindrical part. The size of the Cr 2 Nb phase in the alloy remains 2-5μm, and the alloy hardness is 289HV.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例的Cu-Cr-Nb系合金冷喷涂制备方法，包括以下步骤：The Cu-Cr-Nb series alloy cold spray preparation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1)选择原子百分比成分为Cu-6at.％Cr-3at.％Nb，粒径为40μm，Cr2Nb相尺寸为4-8μm的粉末，在真空干燥箱中85℃条件下烘干30min得到冷喷涂粉末原料；选用冷轧后喷砂处理的电解铜板作为基底材料，基底材料固定在转速为100rpm的旋转轴上。(1) Select the powder with atomic percentage composition of Cu-6at.%Cr-3at.%Nb, particle size of 40μm, and Cr 2 Nb phase size of 4-8μm, and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 85°C for 30min. Cold-spray powder raw material; choose the electrolytic copper plate treated by sandblasting after cold rolling as the base material, and the base material is fixed on a rotating shaft with a speed of 100rpm.
步骤2、将Cu-Cr-Nb粉末利用冷喷涂设备喷涂至基底材料上，获得Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层。冷喷涂的工艺参数为：载气为氩气，载气压力为4MPa，预热温度为480℃，基底材料表面与喷枪喷嘴出口的距离为45mm，喷枪以4mm/s移动速度上下移动。Step 2, spraying the Cu-Cr-Nb powder onto the base material by using a cold spraying device to obtain a Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer. The process parameters of cold spraying are: the carrier gas is argon, the carrier gas pressure is 4MPa, the preheating temperature is 480℃, the distance between the surface of the base material and the nozzle outlet of the spray gun is 45mm, and the spray gun moves up and down at a moving speed of 4mm/s.
步骤3、将步骤2获得的Cu-Cr-Nb喷涂层放入真空退火炉中进行675℃，保温3h的退火处理。Step 3. Put the Cu-Cr-Nb sprayed layer obtained in step 2 into a vacuum annealing furnace for annealing treatment at 675° C. for 3 hours.
步骤4、对步骤3退火处理的喷涂层进行车削加工去除基底材料，得到成品Cu-Cr-Nb合金板材。合金中的Cr2Nb相尺寸仍保持小于8μm，合金硬度为256HV。Step 4, performing turning processing on the sprayed layer annealed in step 3 to remove the base material to obtain a finished Cu-Cr-Nb alloy plate. The size of the Cr 2 Nb phase in the alloy remains less than 8μm, and the alloy hardness is 256HV.
以上所述的仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并不局限发明。应当指出对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在本发明所提供的技术启示下，还可以做出其它等同改进，均可以实现本发明的目的，都应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the technical inspiration provided by the present invention, other equivalent improvements can also be made, all of which can achieve the purpose of the present invention, and should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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