CN114250458A - Cu/Ti3SiC2Cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material - Google Patents

Cu/Ti3SiC2Cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material Download PDF

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CN114250458A
CN114250458A CN202011015071.0A CN202011015071A CN114250458A CN 114250458 A CN114250458 A CN 114250458A CN 202011015071 A CN202011015071 A CN 202011015071A CN 114250458 A CN114250458 A CN 114250458A
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metal
preparation
spraying
ceramic composite
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徐敬军
杨志彬
李美栓
钱余海
左君
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of metal-based ceramic composite materials, in particular to Cu/Ti3SiC2A cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material. Firstly, uniformly mixing metal powder and ceramic powder according to different mass ratios; secondly, spraying the mixed powder on a substrate by using a cold spraying device to obtain Cu/Ti3SiC2Bulk composite or coating. The cold spraying conditions were: compressed air is used as carrier gas, the gas temperature is 200-600 ℃, the gas pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, and the spraying distance is 10-60 mm. The method selects compressed air as the current-carrying gas, has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, rapidness and high efficiency, and can prepare the Cu/Ti with the thickness of 1-10 mm3SiC2Metal base ceramic compositeThe block material and the coating of 0.01-0.1 mm, and the block prepared by the block material or the coating depends on the spraying time. The preparation method has wide size range, and the preparation thickness and other sizes of the composite material can be randomly selected according to actual application.

Description

Cu/Ti3SiC2Cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of metal-based ceramic composite materials, in particular to a method for preparing Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2A method for forming a metal matrix ceramic composite bulk material or coating.
Background
The silver and copper metals have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and arc erosion resistance, and are widely applied to electrical contact materials. And the copper-based material has low cost and great application prospect. Currently, commonly used copper-based electrical contacts include Graphite/copper, carbon fiber/copper, Cu/MeO, Cu/W, and the like. Ti3SiC2As an MAX phase ceramic, the ceramic has high elastic modulus, yield strength and fracture toughness, high melting point, thermal stability, high-temperature oxidation resistance, good electric and thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient and unique layered structure, so that the MAX phase ceramic becomes an ideal reinforcing phase of high-strength and high-conductivity materials and electric contact materials, and attracts wide attention.
Conventional preparation of Cu/Ti3SiC2The composite material may be prepared through hot pressing, SPS sintering, hot spraying, etc. These preparation methods can lead to Ti due to excessive temperature3SiC2The decomposition of the carbon-containing composite material causes phenomena such as phase change, chemical reaction and the like, thereby reducing the conductivity of the composite material. And the preparation process is complex, the cost is high, and the size is limited.
Cold spray is a new spray technique developed in recent years by which a coating is formed by plastic deformation of high-speed solid particles by collision with a substrate. High-pressure gas preheated at low temperature is used for carrying powder particles and generating supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow through a convergent-divergent Laval nozzle, so that the particles can be accelerated to a very high speed; in the impacting process, part of kinetic energy of the particles is instantly converted into heat energy, the local temperature of a contact interface is instantly increased, adiabatic shearing instability is generated, metal jet flow and jet flow mixing are generated, and then the particles are rapidly cooled to generate a cold welding effect; the process is repeated with subsequent high kinetic energy particles and a dense material is finally formed by the tamping action. The cold spraying is low in spraying temperature, so that the material is not easy to oxidize in the spraying process, the prepared material can keep original design components, and the prepared material is high in density and low in porosity.
Disclosure of Invention
For Cu/Ti3SiC2The present invention provides a Cu/Ti composite material with the above-mentioned defects3SiC2Cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material, and opens up a new method for preparing Cu/Ti3SiC2The composite material has wide practical application.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material mainly comprises the following steps:
(1)Cu/Ti3SiC2preparation of the powder
Mixing copper powder and Ti3SiC2Uniformly mixing ceramic powder according to different mass ratios, and drying the uniformly mixed composite powder in an oven;
(2) preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Metal-based ceramic composite block material or coating
Carrying out sand blasting treatment and ultrasonic cleaning on a metal copper or alloy matrix before spraying, fixing the matrix on a three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform during spraying, fixing a spray gun right above the three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform, and then carrying out cold spraying to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2A metal matrix ceramic composite bulk material or coating;
the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the used current-carrying gas is compressed air, the gas temperature is 200-600 ℃, the gas pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, the spraying distance is 10-60 mm, and the thickness of the prepared block material or coating depends on the spraying time.
The Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying process of preparing metal-base ceramic composite material with Cu/Ti prepared through mechanical ball milling3SiC2Mixed powder, metallic copper powder and Ti3SiC2The mass ratio of the ceramic powder is 1: 1-1: 10.
The Cu/Ti3SiC2Metal base ceramic compositeThe cold spraying preparation method of the material adopts a mechanical ball milling method to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2And when the powder is mixed, a rolling ball mill is adopted, the ball milling tank is a polyester tank, the ball milling medium is polyester milling balls, and the mass ratio of the ball materials is 1: 1-1: 10.
The Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the steps that the granularity range of metal copper powder is 1-40 mu m, and Ti3SiC2The particle size range of the ceramic powder is 1-50 μm.
The Cu/Ti3SiC2Cold spray process for preparing metal-base ceramic composite material Cu/Ti3SiC2The porosity of the metal-based ceramic composite material is lower than 2 percent, and the Cu/Ti content is3SiC2The thickness of the metal-based ceramic composite block material is 1-10 mm, and Cu/Ti3SiC2The thickness of the metal-based ceramic composite coating is 0.01-0.3 mm.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
because the Cu-based composite material is widely applied to the electric contact material due to good electric conduction and heat conduction performance, the single copper can not meet the performance requirement of the electric contact material, and the Ti3SiC2The MAX phase ceramic has high hardness, good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, can play a role in friction reduction and wear resistance due to a unique layered structure, and is a good reinforcing phase of an electrical contact material. Cold spraying as a method for preparing coating and block materials requires that the required materials have excellent plastic deformability, the temperature in the spraying process is always kept below the melting point temperature, the phase change and oxidation of the materials cannot be caused, copper has excellent plastic deformability and a low melting point, the reaction of copper and a reinforcing phase or the oxidation of copper is easily caused by other preparation methods, and the cold spraying can perfectly solve the problem. In addition, the cold spraying preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the block material with large size can be prepared, so that the mass production and the subsequent processing are facilitated. In conclusion, the Cu/Ti is prepared by cold spraying3SiC2The metal-based composite material has wide application prospect.
The invention combines the respective intrinsic advantages of two materials of ceramic and metalCu and Ti are mixed by mechanical ball milling3SiC2Mixing the powders uniformly, and preparing Cu/Ti on pure copper matrix or other alloy matrix by cold spray solid deposition technology3SiC2Composite bulk materials or coatings.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention obtains Cu/Ti by means of ball milling technology3SiC2The uniformly mixed metal-based ceramic powder can be used for preparing Cu/Ti with the thickness of 1-10 mm by cold spraying only by using compressed air as carrier gas3SiC2The metal-based ceramic block composite material or the metal-based ceramic coating composite material with the thickness of 0.01-0.3 mm is prepared on a metal substrate. The method has high deposition efficiency, and can adjust Cu/Ti freely according to actual use condition3SiC2The thickness of the metal-based ceramic composite material can be used for preparing Cu/Ti with wide size range3SiC2A metal matrix ceramic composite.
(2) The invention has simple process and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of a sample prepared by cold spray.
FIG. 2 shows the preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2The cross-sectional microstructure of the metal matrix ceramic composite coating.
FIG. 3 shows the preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Macroscopic photograph of the metal matrix ceramic composite material.
FIG. 4 shows the preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2The surface appearance of the metal matrix ceramic composite coating.
FIG. 5 shows the preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Microscopic morphology of the metal matrix ceramic composite.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the Cu/Ti alloy is prepared by the method3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing metal powder and ceramic powder according to different mass ratios; secondly, the mixed powder is sprayed to the surface of the substrate using a cold spraying apparatusObtaining Cu/Ti on the substrate3SiC2Bulk composite or coating. The cold spraying conditions were: compressed air is used as carrier gas, the gas temperature is 200-600 ℃, the gas pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, and the spraying distance is 10-60 mm. The method selects compressed air as the current-carrying gas, has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, rapidness and high efficiency, and can prepare the Cu/Ti with the thickness of 1-10 mm3SiC2The metal-based ceramic composite block material and the coating with the thickness of 0.01-0.1 mm are prepared, and the block or the coating is determined by spraying time. The preparation method has wide size range, and the preparation thickness and other sizes of the composite material can be randomly selected according to actual application.
The present invention will be explained in further detail below by way of examples and figures.
Example 1
In this example, Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1)Cu/Ti3SiC2preparation of the Mixed powder
Mixing copper powder (particle size 1-40 μm) and Ti3SiC2Powder (granularity of 1-50 mu m) is based on Cu/Ti3SiC2(the mass ratio is 1:4) and uniformly mixing; the preparation method is completed by a mechanical ball milling method, the used ball mill is a rolling ball mill, the ball milling tank is a polyester tank, the ball milling medium is polyester milling balls, the mass ratio of ball materials is 1: 1-1: 10, and the uniformly mixed composite powder is placed in an oven for drying.
(2) Preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Metal-based ceramic composite material
Carrying out sand blasting treatment and ultrasonic cleaning on the copper matrix before spraying, fixing the matrix on a three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform during spraying, fixing a spray gun right above the platform, and then carrying out the Cu/Ti treatment on the Cu/Ti alloy obtained in the step (1)3SiC2Cold spraying the powder on the surface of the copper matrix; the cold spraying process conditions are as follows: the carrier gas is compressed air, the gas pressure is 2MPa, the gas temperature is 500 ℃, and the spraying distance is 20 mm.
Spraying as shown in FIG. 1XRD diffraction result of the coated material shows that only Cu and Ti in the composite material prepared after spraying3SiC2Two phases, consistent with the original batch composition. As shown in figure 2, the scanning electron microscope appearance of the composite coating prepared by spraying on the copper substrate shows that the coating thickness is about 240 μm, the density is high, the porosity is lower than 2%, the cross section has no obvious defect, and Ti has the characteristics of high density, high strength, high toughness, high corrosion resistance and the like3SiC2Are uniformly distributed in the material.
Example 2
In this example, Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1)Cu/Ti3SiC2preparation of the Mixed powder
Mixing copper powder (particle size 1-40 μm) and Ti3SiC2Powder (granularity of 1-50 mu m) is based on Cu/Ti3SiC2(the mass ratio is 1:10) and mixing uniformly; the preparation method is completed by a mechanical ball milling method, the used ball mill is a rolling ball mill, the ball milling tank is a polyester tank, the ball milling medium is polyester milling balls, the mass ratio of ball materials is 1: 1-1: 10, and the uniformly mixed composite powder is placed in an oven for drying.
(2) Preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Metal-based ceramic composite material
Carrying out sand blasting treatment and ultrasonic cleaning on the copper matrix before spraying, fixing the matrix on a three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform during spraying, fixing a spray gun right above the platform, and then carrying out the Cu/Ti treatment on the Cu/Ti alloy obtained in the step (1)3SiC2Cold spraying the powder on the surface of the copper matrix; the cold spraying process conditions are as follows: the carrier gas is compressed air, the gas pressure is 2MPa, the gas temperature is 500 ℃, and the spraying distance is 20 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, a macroscopic photograph of the block material prepared by spraying, the block composite material had a thickness of about 3mm and a porosity of less than 2%. As shown in fig. 4, a microstructure of the composite material was prepared, and it can be seen that the powder was plastically deformed during impact during the preparation process to adhere to the copper matrix, leaving pits formed by the impact. As shown in figure 5 of the drawings,the scanning picture of the polished material shows that the prepared composite material has high density, no obvious defect on the surface and Ti3SiC2Are uniformly distributed in the material.
The results of the examples show that Cu/Ti can be produced by the cold spray method3SiC2The coating or the block composite material has high density and no obvious defect on the surface. The method has low cost and simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Claims (5)

1. Cu/Ti3SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1)Cu/Ti3SiC2preparation of the powder
Mixing copper powder and Ti3SiC2Uniformly mixing ceramic powder according to different mass ratios, and drying the uniformly mixed composite powder in an oven;
(2) preparation of Cu/Ti by cold spraying3SiC2Metal-based ceramic composite block material or coating
Carrying out sand blasting treatment and ultrasonic cleaning on a metal copper or alloy matrix before spraying, fixing the matrix on a three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform during spraying, fixing a spray gun right above the three-dimensional numerical control movable working platform, and then carrying out cold spraying to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2A metal matrix ceramic composite bulk material or coating;
the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: the used current-carrying gas is compressed air, the gas temperature is 200-600 ℃, the gas pressure is 1.0-2.5 MPa, the spraying distance is 10-60 mm, and the thickness of the prepared block material or coating depends on the spraying time.
2. The Cu/Ti of claim 13SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material is characterized in that a mechanical ball milling method is adopted to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2Mixed powder, metallic copper powder and Ti3SiC2The mass ratio of the ceramic powder is1:1~1:10。
3. Cu/Ti according to claim 23SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material is characterized in that a mechanical ball milling method is adopted to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2And when the powder is mixed, a rolling ball mill is adopted, the ball milling tank is a polyester tank, the ball milling medium is polyester milling balls, and the mass ratio of the ball materials is 1: 1-1: 10.
4. Cu/Ti according to claim 1 or 23SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material is characterized in that the particle size range of the metal copper powder is 1-40 mu m, and the Ti content is Ti3SiC2The particle size range of the ceramic powder is 1-50 μm.
5. The Cu/Ti of claim 13SiC2The cold spraying preparation method of the metal-based ceramic composite material is characterized in that the Cu/Ti3SiC2The porosity of the metal-based ceramic composite material is lower than 2 percent, and the Cu/Ti content is3SiC2The thickness of the metal-based ceramic composite block material is 1-10 mm, and Cu/Ti3SiC2The thickness of the metal-based ceramic composite coating is 0.01-0.3 mm.
CN202011015071.0A 2020-09-24 2020-09-24 Cu/Ti3SiC2Cold spraying preparation method of metal-based ceramic composite material Pending CN114250458A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115807227A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-17 广东工业大学 Zinc-based composite coating, preparation method and application thereof
CN116180070A (en) * 2023-02-07 2023-05-30 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 High-performance composite coating and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160230288A1 (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-08-11 United Technologies Corporation Cold spray manufacturing of maxmet composites
CN108793166A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-11-13 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Composite material, its preparation method and the application of the compound MXenes of B metal
CN110396687A (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-11-01 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of Ti2AlC MAX phase ceramics coating and its cold spraying preparation method

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160230288A1 (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-08-11 United Technologies Corporation Cold spray manufacturing of maxmet composites
CN110396687A (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-11-01 中国科学院金属研究所 A kind of Ti2AlC MAX phase ceramics coating and its cold spraying preparation method
CN108793166A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-11-13 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Composite material, its preparation method and the application of the compound MXenes of B metal

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
DINA V. DUDINA等: "Formation Routes of Nanocomposite Coatings in Detonation Spraying of Ti3SiC2-Cu Powders", 《JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY》, vol. 23, no. 7, pages 1116, XP035385011, DOI: 10.1007/s11666-014-0089-y *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115807227A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-17 广东工业大学 Zinc-based composite coating, preparation method and application thereof
CN116180070A (en) * 2023-02-07 2023-05-30 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 High-performance composite coating and preparation method and application thereof

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