CN114767871A - 介孔硅载药体系及制备方法和介孔硅载药 - Google Patents

介孔硅载药体系及制备方法和介孔硅载药 Download PDF

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CN114767871A
CN114767871A CN202210409398.9A CN202210409398A CN114767871A CN 114767871 A CN114767871 A CN 114767871A CN 202210409398 A CN202210409398 A CN 202210409398A CN 114767871 A CN114767871 A CN 114767871A
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董会
陆骊工
代毅
潘金龙
黄姝珂
占美晓
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Zhuhai Peoples Hospital
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Abstract

本发明公开了介孔硅载药体系及制备方法和介孔硅载药,介孔硅载药体系,以介孔二氧化硅作为载体,所述介孔二氧化硅的表面通过表面氨基化处理后连接肉桂醛,以β‑环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒作为介孔二氧化硅的堵孔剂。本发明通过环糊精与肉桂醛之间的超分子主客体作用快速组装,完成载体的构建;载药体系遇到酸性环境时,亚胺触发断裂,金颗粒离开介孔二氧化硅,药物得以释放;同时,载体构建与解体前后整个体系都是无毒、生物相容度高且可生物降解的,即介孔硅载药能够快速构建载药载体且能在酸性环境下响应触发释放药物,可以快速递送药物到特定部位,为药效时间短的药物的靶向输送提供可能,具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

介孔硅载药体系及制备方法和介孔硅载药
技术领域
本发明涉及生物材料技术领域,具体涉及介孔硅载药体系及制备方法和介孔硅载药。
背景技术
响应触发释放型药物载体是将药物递送到特定部位后,通过对刺激源的触发响应,使得载体结构或者化学性质发生变化,从而使其所负载的药物快速释放,以实现靶向给药的载体。现今有多种刺激源被用于药物的响应触发释放,按刺激源类型不同可分为外源性刺激如温度、光、超声、磁场及内源性刺激如pH、氧化还原、酶催化等。
肿瘤、心血管病及神经系统病等的早期诊断对病情的预测和治疗具有重要的临床意义,目前临床PET-CT(正电子发射计算机断层显像)测试使用核放射性示踪标记物作为造影剂,核放射性示踪标记物对正常组织、细胞损害较大;常用的18F类造影剂的半衰期短,针对该类药物的装载要求介孔硅载体能够快速构建且响应触发释放;肿瘤等疾病的治疗药物,除了对癌细胞有杀伤效果外,也会对正常细胞造成损伤。因此,针对肿瘤等疾病的治疗药物以及PET-CT造影剂的载体,需要能够快速精确地组装、释放药物以及生物可降解性好。近年来,科研工作者们一直在发展新型的纳米载体,然而,装载时间短且能触发释放载体的设计仍然是一个难题。
近年来纳米生物材料的快速发展为肿瘤的早期、精确诊断与高效治疗提供了新的途径,已成为国际生物技术领域前沿的热点研究课题。特别是兼具多模式精准诊断和多种治疗手段协同作用的多功能无机纳米材料及其制备技术已在肿瘤诊疗中呈现良好发展潜力,成为近年来重要的跨多学科交叉的研究方向。与柔性结构的传统高分子药物载体相比,介孔二氧化硅的刚性多孔结构有效地提高了敏感药物的稳定性,大比表面积和可调孔径使其既可应用于小分子药物负载也可用于蛋白质等大分子负载,介孔二氧化硅还能够构建多种核壳结构,在构建响应触发释放药物载体上有独特的优势。而其也已经被证明具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,已经获得了越来越多的认可。因此,利用肿瘤微环境设计响应型纳米载药体系,能够在血液中稳定循环,运输到肿瘤部位后,在肿瘤微环境刺激下发生纳米结构的变化,靶向造影并显著增强成像效果或者实现抗肿瘤等药物的靶向释放,有助于实现对肿瘤部位的特异性成像以及靶向治疗。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供基于超分子组装的pH触发释放的介孔硅载药体系,该介孔硅载药体系能够快速构建且能在酸性环境下响应触发释放药物,可以快速递送药物到特定部位,为药效时间短的药物的靶向输送提供可能。
此外,本发明还提供上述介孔硅载药体系的制备方法及以上述介孔硅载药体系为载体的介孔硅载药。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
介孔硅载药体系,以介孔二氧化硅作为载体,所述介孔二氧化硅的表面通过表面氨基化处理后连接肉桂醛,以β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒作为介孔二氧化硅的堵孔剂。
本发明的介孔硅载药体系选用生物可降解的树枝状介孔二氧化硅作为载体,氨基化处理后在二氧化硅表面形成亚胺键(N=C键),利用亚胺键连接肉桂醛,使用β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒作为堵孔剂,通过环糊精与肉桂醛之间的超分子主客体作用快速组装,完成载体的构建;本发明涉及的载药体系遇到酸性环境时,亚胺触发断裂,金颗粒离开孔口,药物得以释放;同时,载体构建、解体前后整个体系都是无毒、生物相容度高且可生物降解的。
即本发明所述介孔硅载药体系能够快速构建且能在酸性环境下响应触发释放药物,可以快速递送药物到特定部位,为药效时间短的药物的靶向输送提供可能,具有广阔的应用前景。
进一步地,制备时,先制备表面修饰有肉桂醛的介孔二氧化硅,再负载药物,然后采用β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒进行封孔。
进一步地,所述药物包括抗肿瘤药物(如阿霉素、盐酸吡柔比星等)、PET造影剂(如脱氧葡萄糖类造影剂F18-FDG、硝基咪唑类乏氧造影剂18F-FMISO等)和β-乳球蛋白,可用于肿瘤等的多模成像和靶向治疗。
介孔硅载药体系的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、合成介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
S2、将介孔二氧化硅纳米球的表面氨基化后,连接肉桂醛,获得肉桂醛修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
S3、将药物负载在步骤S2获得的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球上;
S4、采用表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒对负载有药物的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球进行封孔处理。
进一步地,步骤S1中,采用双相合成法合成介孔二氧化硅纳米球,其中,双相合成法的水相为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、三乙醇胺和水的混合物,油相为正硅酸四乙酯的环己烷溶液。
优先地,采用双相合成法合成单分散、生物可降解的树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米球(MSNS),具体过程为:取一定量十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,加入去离子水,再加入三乙醇胺,作为水相,60℃加热;加入新鲜制备的正硅酸四乙酯/环己烷溶液,作为油相。控制油水界面处旋涡极小,60℃油浴加热回流。反应20h后,分液取下层水相。90℃敞口加热水相45min,再冷凝回流3h。趁热离心,无水乙醇清洗数次,得到分散于无水乙醇的MSNS。
进一步地,步骤S2中,先对步骤S1合成的介孔二氧化硅纳米球进行氨基化处理,然后将其分散于二氯甲烷中,加入硫酸镁和肉桂醛进行回流处理。
进一步地,氨基化处理过程为:
将介孔二氧化硅纳米球分散于甲苯中,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下回流。
优先地,步骤S2的具体过程为:取上述分散于无水乙醇的MSNS,离心,倒净液体。将MSNS分散于甲苯,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下110℃加热回流20h,离心,乙醇清洗得到氨基化MSNS。将得到的氨基化MSNS离心倒净上层清液,分散于经CaH除水后的二氯甲烷,加入硫酸镁和肉桂醛,40℃加热回流2h。反应结束后离心,无水乙醇清洗数次,分散于无水乙醇中。将肉桂醛-amino-MSNS用质量分数为0.6%的硝酸铵/乙醇溶液回流萃取三次(每次18-24h),再用热乙醇回流一次(18-24h),最后用无水乙醇清洗数次并分散于无水乙醇中,获得分散于无水乙醇中的肉桂醛-amino-MSNS。
优先地,当负载药物为阿霉素(DOX)时,步骤S3的具体过程为:
制备负载阿霉素(DOX)的表面修饰有肉桂醛的介孔硅纳米球(DOX@MSNS-CA),具体过程为:将上述制得的分散于无水乙醇中的肉桂醛-amino-MSNS离心,去除上清液,将沉淀物超声分散于pH=7.4的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4PBS缓冲液中。加入DOX,搅拌一段时间,离心、清洗后,制得的DOX@肉桂醛-amino-MSNS分散于无水乙醇中。
进一步地,步骤S4中,将负载有药物的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球分散于超纯水中,然后滴加到表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒的水溶液中。
优先地,制备环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒(AuNP@β-CD)封端的S4所得DOX@MSNS-CA,具体过程为:取上述分散于乙醇中的DOX@MSNS-CA,离心,倒净上层液体,分散于超纯水中;取上述制得的AuNP@β-CD水溶液,离心,除去上层液体,加入超纯水;取少量分散于超纯水中的DOX@MSNS-CA滴加到AuNP@β-CD水溶液中,搅拌20-40min。最后,离心除去上层液体,加入超纯水,即制得AuNP@β-CD封端的DOX@MSNS-CA。
进一步地,步骤S4中,表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒的制备工程如下:
向超纯水中加入β-环糊精水溶液和碳酸钾水溶液,再加入四氯金酸水溶液,加热获得修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒,具体可以在60℃加热60min,可通过改变反应温度可得到不同粒径的金纳米颗粒;其粒径在8-16nm连续精确可调。
一种介孔硅载药,包括介孔硅载药体系,所述介孔硅载药体系中负载有药物,所述药物包括抗肿瘤药物、PET造影剂和β-乳球蛋白。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:
1、本发明通过环糊精与肉桂醛之间的主客体作用完成快速组装,载体构建速度很快;pH敏感的亚胺在酸性条件下触发断裂,使得金纳米颗粒离开介孔硅孔口,介孔硅负载的药物得以释放出来。
2、本发明载体的组装和药物触发释放不在同一个位置,组装和解组装相互独立,通过β-环糊精与肉桂醛的主客体相互作用能够实现快速组装,而通过pH敏感的共价键在酸性环境下断裂使得金颗粒与介孔硅分开以实现解组装。既可以通过主客体作用实现快速组装,又能够pH响应释放药物。
3、本发明使用的介孔硅具有刚性多孔的结构,对药物影响小,且介孔硅的大比表面积、可调粒径使其可以负载不同大小的药物。
4、本发明药物释放前后整个体系都是无毒、生物相容度高且生物可降解的。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:
图1为实施例1制备的肉桂醛修饰的三维树枝状介孔硅纳米球的透射电子显微镜图;
图2为实施例1制备的β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒的透射电子显微镜图;
图3为实施例1的金纳米颗粒封端的载药介孔硅(AuNP@β-CD封端的DOX@MSNS-CA)的透射电子显微镜图;
图4为实施例1的金纳米颗粒封端的载药介孔硅响应释放后的透射电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
介孔硅载药体系,以介孔二氧化硅作为载体,所述介孔二氧化硅的表面通过表面氨基化处理后连接肉桂醛,以β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒作为介孔二氧化硅的堵孔剂。
本实施例所述介孔硅载药体系可用于负载药物,药物包括抗肿瘤药物(如阿霉素、盐酸吡柔比星等)、PET造影剂(如脱氧葡萄糖类造影剂18F-FDG、硝基咪唑类乏氧造影剂18F-FMISO等)和β-乳球蛋白,可用于肿瘤等的多模成像和靶向治疗。
实施例2:
本实施例以负载的药物为阿霉素进行说明(所以本实施例的药物限定为阿霉素):
一种介孔硅载药,包括如实施例1所述介孔硅载药体系,所述介孔硅载药体系中负载有药物,所述药物包括阿霉素。
如图1、图2所示,本实施例所述介孔硅载药的具体制备过程如下:
(1)介孔硅纳米球(MSNS)的合成
取32ml质量分数为25%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵/水溶液,加入88ml去离子水,再加入1.44ml质量分数为25%的三乙醇胺/水溶液,60℃油浴加热,作为水相。新鲜配制40ml体积分数为20%的硅酸四乙酯/环己烷溶液,加到水相上形成油相。60℃油浴加热,控制油水界面旋涡极小,反应20h。反应完成后,分液取下层水相。90℃敞口加热水相45min,再冷凝回流3h。趁热离心,无水乙醇清洗三次,最后将MSNS分散于无水乙醇。
(2)介孔硅纳米球的氨基化(MSNS-amino)
取上述分散于无水乙醇的MSNS,离心,倒净液体。将MSNS分散于甲苯中,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下110℃加热回流20h,离心,无水乙醇清洗三次,最后将氨基化的MSNS分散于无水乙醇中。
(3)在氨基化介孔硅纳米球上修饰肉桂醛(MSNS-CA)
将上述分散于无水乙醇中的氨基化MSNS离心倒净上层清液,分散于经CaH除水后的二氯甲烷,加入硫酸镁和肉桂醛,40℃加热回流2h。反应结束后离心,无水乙醇清洗三次,分散于无水乙醇中。将肉桂醛-amino-MSNS用质量分数为0.6%的硝酸铵/乙醇溶液回流萃取三次(每次18-24h),再用热乙醇回流一次(18-24h),最后用无水乙醇清洗三次并分散于无水乙醇中。
(4)β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒(AuNP@β-CD)的制备
β-环糊精作为还原剂和保护剂,在碱性条件下水解四氯金酸得到β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒(AuNP@β-CD)。取35ml去离子水,加入10ml浓度为0.01mM的β-CD水溶液,加入5ml浓度为0.1M的碳酸钾(K2CO3)水溶液,再加入200ul浓度为50mM的四氯金酸水溶液,60℃油浴加热,剧烈搅拌60min,得到单分散的、平均粒径为12nm的金纳米颗粒。仅改变反应温度,在45℃、75℃、90℃分别得到平均粒径为10nm、14nm、16nm。
(5)制备负载阿霉素(DOX)的表面修饰有肉桂醛的介孔硅纳米球(DOX@MSNS-CA)
将上述制得的分散于无水乙醇中的肉桂醛-amino-MSNS离心,超声分散于pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液中。加入DOX,搅拌一段时间,离心、清洗后,制得的DOX@肉桂醛-amino-MSNS分散于无水乙醇中。
(6)金纳米颗粒封端介孔硅纳米球
取上述分散于乙醇中的DOX@肉桂醛-amino-MSNS,离心,倒净上层液体,分散于超纯水中;取上述制得的AuNP@β-CD水溶液,离心,除去上层液体,加入PBS缓冲液;取少量分散于超纯水中的DOX@肉桂醛-amino-MSNS滴加到AuNP@β-CD水溶液中,搅拌20-40min。即制得AuNP@β-CD封端的DOX@MSNS-CA。
其他药物负载过程与本实施例的不同之处在于:步骤(5)不同,将药物由阿霉素(DOX)替换为所需负载药物。
利用透射电镜表征了本实施例制备的肉桂醛修饰的三维树枝状介孔硅纳米球,结果如图1所示,制得的MSNS-CA呈球形,粒径均匀、单分散性良好且具有明显的中心发散介孔结构。
图2为制备的β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒的透射电子显微镜图,表征了金纳米颗粒的形貌、尺寸。
图3是载体组装后的TEM照片,能够清晰地观察到金颗粒组装到介孔硅表面。
图4为金纳米颗粒封端的载药介孔硅pH响应释放后的透射电子显微镜图。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.介孔硅载药体系,以介孔二氧化硅作为载体,其特征在于,所述介孔二氧化硅的表面通过表面氨基化处理后连接肉桂醛,以β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒作为介孔二氧化硅的堵孔剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的介孔硅载药体系,其特征在于,制备时,先制备表面修饰有肉桂醛的介孔二氧化硅,再负载药物,然后采用β-环糊精包覆的金纳米颗粒进行封孔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的介孔硅载药体系,其特征在于,所述药物包括肿瘤介入治疗药物、肿瘤造影剂和β-乳球蛋白。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的介孔硅载药体系的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、合成介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
S2、介孔二氧化硅纳米球的表面氨基化后,连接肉桂醛,获得肉桂醛修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球;
S3、将药物负载在步骤S2获得的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球上;
S4、采用表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒对负载有药物的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球进行封孔处理。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,采用双相合成法合成介孔二氧化硅纳米球,其中,双相合成法的水相为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、三乙醇胺和水的混合物,油相为正硅酸四乙酯的环己烷溶液。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,先对步骤S1合成的介孔二氧化硅纳米球进行氨基化处理,然后将其分散于二氯甲烷中,加入硫酸镁和肉桂醛进行回流处理。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,氨基化处理过程为:
将介孔二氧化硅纳米球分散于甲苯中,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下回流。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,将负载有药物的修饰后的介孔二氧化硅纳米球分散于超纯水中,然后滴加到表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒的水溶液中。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,表面修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒的制备工程如下:
向超纯水中加入β-环糊精水溶液和碳酸钾水溶液,再加入四氯金酸水溶液,加热获得修饰β-环糊精的金纳米颗粒。
10.一种介孔硅载药,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-3任一项所述介孔硅载药体系,所述介孔硅载药体系中负载有药物,所述药物包括抗肿瘤药物、PET造影剂和β-乳球蛋白。
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