CN114763301A - Floating type plant-growing concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Floating type plant-growing concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/20—Waste materials; Refuse organic from macromolecular compounds
- C04B18/22—Rubber, e.g. ground waste tires
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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Abstract
The invention provides floating plant-growing concrete, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in water purification. The floating type plant growing concrete comprises a concrete matrix and a plant growing matrix; the concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials: 60-150 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 10-40 parts of fly ash, 5-20 parts of modified rubber powder, 240-450 parts of ceramsite, 1-4 parts of water reducing agent and 20-60 parts of water; wherein the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, the fly ash and the modified rubber powder are cementing materials, and the ceramsite is coarse aggregate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to floating type plant growing concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The plant-growing concrete is a kind of concrete or concrete product which uses special concrete with a certain aperture and a certain porosity as a framework, and substances required by plant growth are filled in concrete pores, and plant root systems grow in the pores or penetrate through the concrete to grow in the lower soil. The concrete can be used for planting greening plants, slope protection plants and the like, and ecological functions such as greening, soil conservation, energy conversion and the like are added on the premise of keeping the original functional advantages of the concrete.
The common plant-growing concrete is prepared by natural or recycled concrete aggregate, has larger volume weight and can not float on the water surface, so the common plant-growing concrete is difficult to be applied in water and improves the water quality. Secondly, the slurry wrapping layer of the common plant-growing concrete is large in brittleness and shrinkage, and cracks are easily formed on the slurry wrapping layer; when water flows through, the hydration products in the concrete are decomposed and lost, the concrete is corroded, the strength is reduced, and the working performance and the service life of the plant-growing concrete are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides floating type plant growing concrete and a preparation method thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a floating type plant growing concrete comprises a concrete matrix and a plant growing matrix; the concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials:
60-150 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 10-40 parts of fly ash, 5-20 parts of modified rubber powder, 240-450 parts of ceramsite, 1-4 parts of water reducing agent and 20-60 parts of water; wherein the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, the fly ash and the modified rubber powder are cementing materials, and the ceramsite is coarse aggregate.
Preferably, the doping amount of the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement limestone is 15-35% (w/w).
Preferably, the fly ash is a class II fly ash.
Preferably, the modified rubber powder is 80-mesh fine rubber powder modified by a KH-560 silane coupling agent.
Preferably, the modified rubber powder is prepared by the following method:
1) weighing 80-mesh rubber powder;
2) ethanol according to the mass ratio: preparing an ethanol aqueous solution according to the proportion of 4: 1;
3) adding a silane coupling agent KH-560 with the mass of 1.5% of the rubber powder into the ethanol aqueous solution prepared in the step 2), and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a KH-560 hydrolysate;
4) adding rubber powder into the KH-560 hydrolysate obtained in the step 3), uniformly stirring, and mixing into paste; then drying the mixture at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight; grinding, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve.
Preferably, in the step 1), the rubber powder may be waste tire powder crushed and sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes.
Preferably, the ceramsite is 400-grade clay ceramsite with the particle size of 10-20 mm.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The proportion of the coarse aggregate and the cementing material, namely the ash collection ratio of the concrete matrix, is preferably 2-4:1, and more preferably 2.4-3: 1.
Preferably, the plant growing substrate comprises plants and nutrient soil.
Preferably, the nutrient soil covers the surface of the concrete matrix and fills the pores of the concrete matrix.
The thickness of the nutrient soil covering the surface of the concrete matrix is 1-2 cm.
The nutrient soil is filled in the pores of the concrete matrix by the following operations:
mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, and filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the above floating type vegetation concrete,
the method comprises the following steps:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, measuring the specific surface, the compact packing density, the compact packing porosity and the optimal slurry coating thickness of the ceramsite, determining the using amount of each raw material of the concrete matrix, and weighing each raw material;
i-2, carrying out pre-wetting treatment on the ceramsite by using water to obtain pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring all the pre-wet ceramsite, 50% of cementing material and 40% of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-4, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-3 into a mould in a layered mode, and molding in a vibration compaction mode;
i-5, curing the concrete mixture with a mold to a proper age after the concrete mixture is solidified, and demolding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of green concrete
Mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into the pores of the concrete matrix prepared in the step I, and covering 1-2 cm of the nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after germination and growth, so that the floating light plant-growing concrete is formed.
Preferably, in the step I-2, the pre-wetting treatment is to add water into the ceramsite according to the water absorption of the ceramsite, and remove surface free water after standing for 1 hour to obtain the ceramsite with saturated dry surface.
Preferably, in said step I-5, said age is selected from 3d, 7d, 28d or 56 d; more preferably 28 d.
The invention also aims to provide the floating type light plant-growing concrete or the application of the floating type light plant-growing concrete prepared by the preparation method in water body purification.
In the present specification, "parts by weight" is not a mass unit, and parts by weight of each component indicates a mass ratio relationship between the components, not an absolute mass number. The amount of 1 part by weight may be, for example, 1kg, 5kg, 10kg, or the like, depending on the actual production.
The low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement is one of sulphoaluminate cements in national standard GB 20472, has the code of L.SAC, is prepared by grinding sulphoaluminate cement clinker, limestone (15-35 percent, w/w) and gypsum together, and has the alkalinity pH value of less than or equal to 10.5.
In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the term "ethanol" refers to 95% (ml/ml) or more of ethanol.
In the specification, the slurry is formed by mixing the cementing material and water, and the slurry is coated on the surface of ceramsite (coarse aggregate) to form a slurry coating layer.
The invention adopts ceramsite as coarse aggregate, and utilizes the specific surface area of the coarse aggregate to design the raw material mixing ratio on the basis of a volume method. Specifically, the specific surface area of the coarse aggregate is measured, and then the using amount and the water consumption of the cementing material are determined according to the close packing density, the close packing porosity and the optimal slurry coating thickness of the coarse aggregate. Controlling the ash collection ratio within the range of 2-4:1 to ensure that the apparent density of the concrete matrix is 800kg/m3Thus, a vegetation concrete capable of floating on the water surface was prepared. The invention adopts the fly ash and the modified rubber powder as the admixture in the cementing material, reduces the brittleness of the slurry coating layer, and simultaneously enhances the compactness of the slurry, so that the slurry coating layer is not easy to form cracks, reduces the damage of the dissolution type damage of taking away hydrate when flowing water enters the concrete, and improves the corrosion resistance of the concrete matrix. After the plants are planted, the planting concrete is placed in a lake or a reservoir with enriched nutrition, and the plants can absorb and decompose excessive nutrient substances in water to play a role in purifying water quality. Moreover, the concrete matrix can adsorb microorganisms, plankton and fish in water to form a benign circulating plant-microorganism ecosystem, as shown in fig. 1. Meanwhile, the plant-growing concrete of the invention also has certain advantagesThe ornamental value of (1) accords with the concept of sustainable development.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the floating type vegetation concrete of the present invention applied to water. Wherein:
1. concrete matrix, 2 plants, 3 surface layer nutrient soil, 4 soil slurry filling and 5 water surface.
The photograph of fig. 2 shows the concrete matrix prepared in example 1 placed in a water tank, and it can be seen that the concrete matrix floats in water, the slurry is uniformly wrapped around the ceramsite, and the interconnected pores are distributed among the bonded and fixed ceramsite.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the general vegetation concrete prepared in comparative example 2 placed in a water tank, which has a large volume weight and a base submerged in the water and cannot float.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the floating type vegetation concrete prepared in example 1 placed in water for 1 month after germination of ryegrass. The photographs show that ryegrass is in good growth.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The raw materials and reagent materials used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
the initial setting time of the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement is 30-45 min, and the 28d compressive strength is 47.6 MPa;
the fly ash is II-grade fly ash;
the ceramsite is 400-grade clay ceramsite with the grain size of 10-20mm, the water absorption rate is 7% after 1 hour, and the cylinder pressure strength is 1.5 MPa;
the modified rubber powder is 80-mesh fine waste tire powder modified by a KH-560 silane coupling agent; the specific modification treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 80-mesh waste tire powder;
2) ethanol according to the mass ratio: preparing an ethanol aqueous solution according to the proportion of 4: 1;
3) adding a silane coupling agent KH-560 with the mass of 1.5% of the rubber powder into the ethanol aqueous solution prepared in the step 2), and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a KH-560 hydrolysate;
4) adding rubber powder into the KH-560 hydrolysate obtained in the step 3), uniformly stirring, and mixing into paste; then drying at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight; grinding, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve.
Example 1A floating type plant-growing concrete
The floating type vegetation concrete of this embodiment includes concrete base member and vegetation matrix. The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
105 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 30 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of modified rubber powder, 364 parts of ceramsite, 2.3 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 45 parts of water; wherein, the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, the fly ash and the modified rubber powder are gelled materials, and the ceramsite is coarse aggregate.
The plant growing substrate comprises plant seeds and nutrient soil.
The floating type light plant-growing concrete is prepared by the following method:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
i-2, adding a proper amount of water into the ceramsite, fully soaking, standing for 1 hour, and removing free water on the surface to obtain the pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring the pre-wet ceramsite obtained in the step I-2, 52.5kg of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 15kg of fly ash, 7.5kg of modified rubber powder and 18kg of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water, and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-4, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-3 into a mould in a layered mode, and molding in a vibration compaction mode;
i-5, after the concrete mixture is solidified, carrying out die maintenance to 28d age, and then demoulding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of plant-growing concrete
Mixing and stirring nutrient soil and alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix, and covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after the plants germinate, so that the floating light plant-growing concrete is formed.
In the concrete matrix prepared in this embodiment, the slurry is uniformly wrapped around the ceramsite, and the connected pores are distributed among the bonded and fixed ceramsite. The concrete matrix was placed in a water tank, which was floated in water. See in particular the photograph of fig. 2.
In the floating type plant growing concrete prepared by the embodiment, ryegrass is sowed in the nutrient soil; and (3) putting the floating type plant-growing concrete into water after the ryegrass germinates. After 1 month, the ryegrass plants reached a height of 10cm and were in good growth as shown in FIG. 4. The pH of the concrete matrix pore solution was determined to be 9.2.
Example 2A Floating type plant-growing concrete
The floating type vegetation concrete of this embodiment includes concrete base member and vegetation matrix. The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
99 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 28 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of modified rubber powder, 364 parts of ceramsite, 2.1 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 42 parts of water.
The plant growing substrate comprises plant seeds and nutrient soil.
The floating type light plant-growing concrete is prepared by the following method:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
i-2, adding a proper amount of water into the ceramsite, fully soaking, standing for 1 hour, and removing free water on the surface to obtain the pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring the pre-wet ceramsite obtained in the step I-2, 49.5kg of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 14kg of fly ash, 7kg of modified rubber powder and 16.8kg of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water, and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-5, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-4 into a mould in a layering manner, and forming in a vibration compaction manner;
i-6, after the concrete mixture is solidified, carrying out die maintenance to 28d age, and then demoulding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of green concrete
Mixing and stirring nutrient soil and alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix, and covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after the plants germinate, so that the floating light plant-growing concrete is formed.
In the concrete matrix prepared in this embodiment, the slurry is uniformly wrapped around the ceramsite, and the connected pores are distributed among the bonded and fixed ceramsite. The concrete matrix was placed in a water tank, which was floated in water (photo-neutral).
Example 3A Floating type plant-growing concrete
The floating type vegetation concrete of this embodiment includes concrete base member and vegetation matrix. The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
92 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 26 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of modified rubber powder, 364 parts of ceramsite, 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 39 parts of water.
The plant growing substrate comprises plant seeds and nutrient soil.
The floating type light plant-growing concrete is prepared by the following method:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
i-2, adding a proper amount of water into the ceramsite, fully soaking, standing for 1 hour, and removing free water on the surface to obtain the pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring the pre-wet ceramsite obtained in the step I-2, 46kg of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 13kg of fly ash, 6.5kg of modified rubber powder and 15.6kg of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water, and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-4, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-3 into a mould in a layered mode, and molding in a vibration compaction mode;
i-5, after the concrete mixture is solidified, carrying out die maintenance to 28d age, and then demoulding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of green concrete
Mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix, and covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after the plants germinate, so that the floating light plant-growing concrete is formed.
In the concrete matrix prepared in this embodiment, the slurry is uniformly wrapped around the ceramsite, and the connected pores are distributed among the bonded and fixed ceramsite. The concrete matrix was placed in a water tank, which was floated in water (photo-neutral).
Example 4A Floating type plant-growing concrete
The floating type vegetation concrete of this embodiment includes concrete base member and vegetation matrix. The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
87 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 25 parts of fly ash, 12 parts of modified rubber powder, 364 parts of ceramsite, 1.9 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 37 parts of water.
The plant growing substrate comprises plant seeds and nutrient soil.
The floating type light plant-growing concrete is prepared by the following method:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
i-2, adding a proper amount of water into the ceramsite, fully soaking, standing for 1 hour, and removing free water on the surface to obtain the pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring the pre-wet ceramsite obtained in the step I-3, 43.5kg of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 12.5kg of fly ash, 6kg of modified rubber powder and 14.8kg of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water, and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-4, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-3 into a mould in a layering manner, and forming in a vibration compaction manner;
i-5, after the concrete mixture is solidified, carrying out die maintenance to 28d age, and then demoulding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of green concrete
Mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix, and covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after germination, thus forming the floating light plant-growing concrete.
In the concrete matrix prepared by the embodiment, the slurry is uniformly coated around the ceramsite, and the communicating pores are distributed among the bonded and fixed ceramsite. The concrete matrix was placed in a water tank, which was floated in water (photo-neutral).
Comparative example 1A plant-growing concrete base Material
The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
214.5 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 71.5 parts of fly ash, 364 parts of ceramsite, 2.9 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 85.8 parts of water.
The preparation method of the concrete base material in the comparative example is basically the same as that in example 1, except that no modified rubber powder is added in the raw materials, and the mix proportion design only adopts a single volume method, the target porosity is 30%, and the ash collection ratio is 1.27: 1.
The concrete matrix prepared by the comparative example has high apparent density, can not float and has poor anti-scouring performance, and specific performance parameters are shown in table 1. The slurry is uniformly wrapped around the ceramic grains, the ceramic grains are tightly bonded, and the concrete matrix is placed in a water tank and is sunk in water. See in particular the photograph of fig. 3.
Comparative example 2A plant-growing concrete base Material
The concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials (1 Kg):
60.7 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 20.3 parts of fly ash, 364 parts of ceramsite, 1.2 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and 24.3 parts of water.
The preparation method of the concrete base material in the comparative example is basically the same as that in example 1, except that no modified rubber powder is added in the raw materials, and the mix proportion design only adopts a single volume method, the target porosity is 30%, and the ash collection ratio is 4.49: 1.
In this comparative example, the plant-growing concrete can theoretically float on the water surface although the designed apparent density is low. However, the too large ash collection ratio results in too poor binding property between aggregate particles wrapping the slurry, so that the strength of the green concrete matrix is too low and the durability is too poor. Specific properties are shown in table 1.
Test example 1 concrete base Material Performance test of each example and comparative example
The apparent density, elastic modulus and corrosion mass loss rate of the concrete base materials prepared in each example of the present invention and comparative example were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 concrete base Material Performance test results of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the apparent density of the concrete base material prepared by the invention is less than 800 kg.m-3Lower than the density of water and therefore able to float in water. Meanwhile, the concrete base material of the invention hasThe corrosion resistance is excellent, the corrosion mass loss rate is 6.1-7.5%, and the corrosion resistance can resist the corrosion of still water and slow flowing water. Therefore, the concrete substrate is completely suitable for preparing floating type plant growing concrete.
Claims (10)
1. A floating type plant growing concrete comprises a concrete matrix and a plant growing matrix; the concrete matrix comprises the following raw materials:
60-150 parts of low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, 10-40 parts of fly ash, 5-20 parts of modified rubber powder, 240-450 parts of ceramsite, 1-4 parts of water reducing agent and 20-60 parts of water; wherein the low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement, the fly ash and the modified rubber powder are cementing materials, and the ceramsite is coarse aggregate.
2. The floating green concrete according to claim 1, wherein the low alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement limestone is present in an amount of 15% to 35% (w/w);
preferably, the ceramsite is 400-grade clay ceramsite with the particle size of 10-20 mm.
3. The floating green plant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash is class II fly ash;
preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
4. The floating type vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the modified rubber powder is 80 mesh fine rubber powder modified with KH-560 silane coupling agent;
preferably, the modified rubber powder is prepared by the following method:
1) weighing 80-mesh rubber powder;
2) ethanol according to the mass ratio: preparing an ethanol aqueous solution according to the proportion of 4: 1;
3) adding a silane coupling agent KH-560 with the mass of 1.5% of the rubber powder into the ethanol aqueous solution prepared in the step 2), and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved to obtain a KH-560 hydrolysate;
4) adding the KH-560 hydrolysate obtained in the step 3) into rubber powder, uniformly stirring, and blending into paste; then drying the mixture at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight; grinding, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
preferably, in the step 1), the rubber powder may be waste tire powder crushed and sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes.
5. The floating type plant-growing concrete according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the coarse aggregate to the cementing material is 2-4:1, preferably 2.4-3: 1.
6. The floating vegetation concrete of claim 1, wherein the vegetation substrate comprises a plant and nutrient soil.
7. The floating type vegetation concrete according to claim 6, wherein said nutrient soil is covered on the surface of said concrete matrix and filled in the pores of said concrete matrix;
the thickness of the nutrient soil covering the surface of the concrete matrix is 1-2 cm;
the nutrient soil is filled in the pores of the concrete matrix by the following operations:
mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, and filling the slurry into pores of the concrete matrix.
8. A method of producing floating green concrete for plants according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
I. preparation of concrete matrix
I-1, measuring the specific surface, the compact packing density, the compact packing porosity and the optimal slurry coating thickness of the ceramsite, determining the using amount of each raw material of the concrete matrix, and weighing each raw material;
i-2, carrying out pre-wetting treatment on the ceramsite by using water to obtain pre-wetted ceramsite;
i-3, stirring all the pre-wet ceramsite, 50% of cementing material and 40% of water in a stirring device for 30 +/-10 seconds; then adding the rest cementing material and water and stirring for 120 +/-20 seconds to obtain a concrete mixture;
i-4, filling the concrete mixture obtained in the step I-3 into a mould in a layering manner, and forming in a vibration compaction manner;
i-5, curing the concrete mixture with a mold to a proper age after the concrete mixture is solidified, and demolding to obtain the concrete matrix;
preparation of green concrete
Mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in a mass ratio of 4:1 with a proper amount of water to form uniform slurry, filling the slurry into the pores of the concrete matrix prepared in the step I, and covering 1-2 cm of the nutrient soil on the surface of the concrete matrix; then the seeds are sowed in the surface layer covered with soil, and the plants are placed on the water surface of rivers and lakes after germination and growth, so that the floating plant-growing concrete is formed.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein in the step I-2, the pre-wetting treatment comprises adding water into the ceramsite according to the water absorption of the ceramsite, standing for 1 hour, and removing surface free water to obtain saturated surface-dried ceramsite;
preferably, in said step I-5, said age is selected from 3d, 7d, 28d or 56 d; more preferably 28 d.
10. Use of the floating type plant-growing concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the floating type plant-growing concrete prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 or 9 in water body purification.
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