CN114761231A - 所具有的加热层与加热层电流引线的掩蔽物位于层压结构的同一水平面上的层压玻璃窗 - Google Patents

所具有的加热层与加热层电流引线的掩蔽物位于层压结构的同一水平面上的层压玻璃窗 Download PDF

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CN114761231A
CN114761231A CN202080087904.6A CN202080087904A CN114761231A CN 114761231 A CN114761231 A CN 114761231A CN 202080087904 A CN202080087904 A CN 202080087904A CN 114761231 A CN114761231 A CN 114761231A
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glazing
heating layer
transparent sheet
screen
laminated
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CN202080087904.6A
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CN114761231B (zh
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J-B·马耶
M·鲁比
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Abstract

所具有的加热层与加热层电流引线的掩蔽物位于层压结构的同一水平面上的层压玻璃窗。本发明涉及‑层压玻璃窗，包括：第一透明片材（1），在玻璃窗的安装位置中，其旨在构成玻璃窗的外部面；第二透明片材（3），其借助于粘合性夹层（2）结合到第一透明片材（1）；加热层（6），其由定位于玻璃窗外围处的引线（7）提供电流；和掩蔽物（9），其也定位于玻璃窗外围处，在第一透明片材（1）和引线（7）之间，以便掩蔽引线（7），使得在层压玻璃窗的安装位置中从外部无法看到引线（7），其特征在于，加热层（6）和掩蔽物（9）在玻璃窗的层压结构的同一平面上；‑其在陆地车辆、机动车辆、铁路车辆、装甲车辆、水上车辆或建筑物中的应用。

Description

所具有的加热层与加热层电流引线的掩蔽物位于层压结构的 同一水平面上的层压玻璃窗
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有结合有加热层的层压玻璃窗，无论它是旨在用于陆地车辆、机动车辆（前挡风玻璃窗、后窗）、铁路车辆、装甲车辆（包括加热侧）、水上车辆的应用，还是用于建筑物的应用。
背景技术
目前，结合在层压玻璃窗中的加热系统通过两个电流引线（amenée）供电，这电流引线本身被结合在层压玻璃窗中并布置在加热系统的外围处。这些引线被布置在玻璃窗的可视区域中。
出于美观原因（引线的外观）或出于隐形原因（光反射），这些引线可以通过例如丝网印刷的漆或不透明墨进行掩蔽，以便从外部大气侧以及从车辆或建筑物的内部无法看到这些引线。在这种情况下，加热系统与掩蔽物不在层压结构（的厚度）的同一平面上。这种布置会增加层压玻璃窗的体积和重量，这是一项缺点。
加热系统是具有单层或多层的系统，其可以包括氧化铟锡（英文为Indium TinOxide, ITO）层、一个或多个银层。
在浮法矿物玻璃片材的情况下，这些片材具有所谓的锡面（与熔融锡浴接触）和另一个所谓的空气面，该空气面比锡面具有更少的微裂纹并且机械强度更高。为此，假定冲击可能源自于外部，空气面优选朝向车辆或建筑物的内部定位，玻璃的机械强度是在与冲击相反的片材面（即内面）上的延伸性的决定性因素。因此，在这种矿物玻璃片材的空气面上，在任何情况下在朝向车辆或建筑物内部的透明片材的面上沉积加热层。当然，要排除加热层可被使用者直接接触到的情况（因为电流在其中流动），这需要以层压的方式压制朝向车辆或建筑物的内部的附加透明片材。
一方面，掩蔽物和加热系统在层压结构的两个不同平面中的定位可能导致要使用三个透明片材，这使层压玻璃窗是沉重的，另一方面，它使加热系统远离玻璃窗的与外部大气接触的表面，这降低了其防冰功能的有效性，和/或使得有必要提高加热功率。
因此，发明人同时关注于更轻的加热玻璃窗的设计，并且该加热玻璃窗的加热层更靠近玻璃窗的与外部大气接触的面。
发明内容
为此目的，本发明的一个主题是一种层压玻璃窗，所述层压玻璃窗包括：第一透明片材，在所述玻璃窗的安装位置中，所述第一透明片材旨在构成所述玻璃窗的外部面；第二透明片材，所述第二透明片材借助于粘合性夹层结合到所述第一透明片材；加热层，所述加热层由定位于所述玻璃窗的外围处的引线提供电流；以及掩蔽物，所述掩蔽物也定位于所述玻璃窗的外围处，在所述第一透明片材和所述引线之间，以便掩蔽所述引线，使得在所述层压玻璃窗的安装位置中从外部无法看到所述引线，其特征在于，所述加热层和所述掩蔽物在所述玻璃窗的层压结构的同一平面上。
得益于本发明，从车辆或建筑物的外部无法看到电流引线，而无需使用如下的掩蔽物：该掩蔽物需要以层压的方式压制朝向外部的附加透明片材。
在本发明的含义内，加热层是如上所述的已知类型，特别是厚度在50和800 nm之间（每平方的电阻在40和2欧姆/平方之间）的ITO层，并且尤其对于具有偏离矩形的复杂形状的玻璃窗而言，所述加热层包括：有区别的加热区域，层的厚度梯度，借助于由导电层的激光烧蚀获得的流动分离线的电流引导件，以及所有已知的有用改进。
优选地，所述加热层和所述掩蔽物位于所述第一透明片材的与接触外部大气的面相反的面上。
优选地，所述引线直接位于所述掩蔽物上。
优选地，每个引线通过透明导电膜连接到所述加热层，所述透明导电膜部分地覆盖所述加热层。它是例如涂覆有导电层的聚合物材料的薄膜。
优选地，第一透明片材和第二透明片材彼此无关地选自：矿物玻璃片材，例如钠钙玻璃、硅铝酸盐玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃，任选地经过热淬火或化学强化；以及有机聚合物材料片材，例如聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PMMA）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚酯，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。
这些透明片材各自具有0.1至20 mm之间的厚度，特别是至多等于15mm，优选为12mm。具有装甲镀覆功能的玻璃窗可以包括由12mm的蓝宝石(结晶Al2O3）、例如铝硅酸盐的经过化学强化的矿物玻璃或PMMA制成的第一透明片材，以及薄至0.18 mm厚的具有聚硅氧烷抗刮涂层的PET或2.5至3 mm厚的PC的第二透明片材。机动车辆的玻璃窗可包括由浮法矿物玻璃制成的第一透明片材和第二透明片材，例如任选地经过热淬火的钠钙玻璃，其厚度彼此相等或不同，基本上不超过1.6至2.1毫米。火车的玻璃窗可包括由厚度为4至6 mm的矿物玻璃制成的第一透明片材和由厚度约8 mm的矿物玻璃制成的第二透明片材。
优选地，粘合性夹层选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。例如，其厚度可以是从装甲玻璃窗中的约0.38 mm到火车玻璃窗中的5至6 mm厚。
本发明的另一个主题是如上文所描述的层压玻璃窗用于陆地车辆、机动车辆（前挡风玻璃窗、后窗）、铁路车辆、装甲车辆（包括加热侧）、水上车辆或用于建筑物的应用。
附图说明
所附的附图图解了本发明：
[图1]示意性地表示现有技术的第一层压玻璃窗的横截面；
[图2]示意性地表示现有技术的第二层压玻璃窗的横截面；
[图3]示意性地表示根据本发明的层压玻璃窗的横截面。
具体实施方式
在图1中，已知的第一玻璃窗包括厚度为1.6 mm的热淬火钠钙浮法式第一玻璃片材1，其旨在与外部大气接触，以及厚度为2.1 mm的热淬火钠钙浮法式第二玻璃片材3，其旨在与机动车辆的内部接触。玻璃片材1和3通过厚度为0.76 mm的PVB层2结合。沉积在第一玻璃片材1的朝向机动车辆乘客厢定向的面上的是厚度为200 nm的ITO加热传导层6（每平方的电阻为10欧姆/平方），其通过厚度为0.2至1.5mm的由铜或银制成的引线7连接到电流源，这些引线7例如位于层压玻璃窗的外围处，并且在层压结构的与加热层6相同的平面上。这些引线位于玻璃窗的可视区域内，光从那里可以以对机动车辆外部的观察者而言炫目的方式被反射。
图2中的第一和第二玻璃片材1和3以及PVB层2与图1中的那些是相同的。然而，在图2中，厚度为1.6 mm的热淬火钠钙浮法式第三玻璃片材5借助于厚度为0.76 mm的第二PVB层 4结合至第二片材3。在这种情况下，在第二玻璃片材3的朝向机动车辆乘客厢定向的面上，在层压结构的该同一水平面或平面上沉积加热层6及其电流引线7，电流引线7仍然位于玻璃窗的外围处，位于玻璃窗的两个相对边缘处。丝网印刷的漆的掩蔽物9沉积在第一玻璃片材1的朝向机动车辆乘客厢定向的面上，以便掩蔽引线7，使得从车辆的外部无法看到引线7。
根据本发明，在图3中，丝网印刷的漆的掩蔽物9也以与加热层6相同的方式沉积在第一玻璃片材1的朝向机动车辆乘客厢定向的面上。引线7直接沉积在掩蔽物9上，就像掩蔽物9位于玻璃窗的两个相对边缘处一样。加热层6通过部分覆盖加热层6的透明导电膜8电连接到每个引线7。导电膜8由Eastman公司以注册商标XIR® 70HPS出售。得益于本发明，在仅具有两个玻璃片材的轻质层压结构中，引线被掩蔽，使得从机动车辆的外部无法看到引线，在该结构中，加热层6在外部玻璃片材1的朝向机动车辆乘客舱定向的面上受到保护，加热层6尽可能地靠近玻璃窗的与外部大气接触的面，从而以最小的加热功率提供该面的除冰功能。

Claims (7)

1.一种层压玻璃窗，所述层压玻璃窗包括：第一透明片材（1），在所述玻璃窗的安装位置中，所述第一透明片材（1）旨在构成所述玻璃窗的外部面；第二透明片材（3），所述第二透明片材（3）借助于粘合性夹层（2）结合到所述第一透明片材（1）；加热层（6），所述加热层（6）由定位于所述玻璃窗的外围处的引线（7）提供电流；以及掩蔽物（9），所述掩蔽物（9）也定位于所述玻璃窗的外围处，在所述第一透明片材（1）和所述引线（7）之间，以便掩蔽所述引线（7），使得在所述层压玻璃窗的安装位置中从外部无法看到所述引线（7），其特征在于，所述加热层（6）和所述掩蔽物（9）在所述玻璃窗的层压结构的同一平面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃窗，其特征在于，所述加热层（6）和所述掩蔽物（9）位于所述第一透明片材（1）的与接触外部大气的面相反的面上。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃窗，其特征在于，所述引线（7）直接位于所述掩蔽物（9）上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃窗，其特征在于，每个引线（7）通过透明导电膜（8）连接到所述加热层（6），所述透明导电膜（8）部分地覆盖所述加热层（6）。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃窗，其特征在于，所述第一透明片材（1）和所述第二透明片材（3）彼此无关地选自：矿物玻璃片材，例如钠钙玻璃、硅铝酸盐玻璃或硼硅酸盐玻璃，任选地经过热淬火或化学强化；以及有机聚合物材料片材，例如聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PMMA）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚氨酯（PU）、例如为聚（对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）（PET）的聚酯。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的层压玻璃窗，其特征在于，所述粘合性夹层（2）选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
7.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃窗用于陆地车辆、机动车辆（前挡风玻璃窗、后窗）、铁路车辆、装甲车辆（包括加热侧）、水上车辆或用于建筑物的应用。
CN202080087904.6A 2019-12-19 2020-12-16 所具有的加热层与加热层电流引线的掩蔽物位于层压结构的同一水平面上的层压玻璃窗 Active CN114761231B (zh)

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GB1504097A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-03-15 Honeywell Inf Systems Electronic circuit package
US20170135160A1 (en) * 2014-06-12 2017-05-11 Agc Glass Europe Heated glass panel
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