CN114759955A - Millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams - Google Patents

Millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams Download PDF

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CN114759955A
CN114759955A CN202210671023.XA CN202210671023A CN114759955A CN 114759955 A CN114759955 A CN 114759955A CN 202210671023 A CN202210671023 A CN 202210671023A CN 114759955 A CN114759955 A CN 114759955A
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user
users
millimeter wave
end user
allocation
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唐锟
车文荃
薛泉
杨琬琛
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/267—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the information rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on adjustable beams. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a resource optimization distribution model, and selecting an information receiving user closest to the millimeter wave base station in a straight line distance from a user set as a near-end user for NOMA transmission; obtaining a minimum angle difference corresponding to a near-end user; judging whether the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user is less than or equal to the wave width: realizing NOMA transmission by adopting a single analog beam, and completing resource optimization allocation; a two-stage combined method based on optimized user grouping, antenna distribution and power distribution is constructed under the condition of multi-analog sub-beams, optimal user pairing and antenna distribution information are obtained, a beam splitting technology is adopted to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission, and resource optimized distribution is completed. The invention carries out combined optimization of user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation aiming at multiple users, and further improves the total transmission rate of the system.

Description

Millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G), in particular to a millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams.
Background
With the rapid increase of ultra-high data rate and large capacity connection demand, the currently used communication frequency band below 6 GHz cannot fully support these services, and has become a bottleneck of large capacity applications in 5G and ultra-5G mobile communication networks, such as ultra-high definition video, virtual reality and augmented reality. The millimeter wave communication (the frequency band is 30-300 GHz) is combined with a large-scale antenna array, so that the data transmission rate can be remarkably improved, and the millimeter wave communication is considered as one of key technologies of a 5G mobile communication network. Meanwhile, in order to improve the spectrum use efficiency more efficiently, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology can realize efficient multi-user transmission in a dense multi-user scene, and realize higher spectrum efficiency and the capability of supporting massive connections. Therefore, the millimeter wave communication is combined with the NOMA technology, and an effective method is provided for solving the problems of explosive growth of network equipment and large bandwidth requirement. In the prior art, there are some documents that propose a Millimeter wave NOMA transmission scheme and a user pairing strategy (t. Lv, y. Ma, j. Zeng, and p.t. Mathiopoulos, Millimeter-wave NOMA transmission for Internet of Things M2M communications, IEEE of Internet thinnings Journal, vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 1989-. The transmission system is composed of one Base Station (BS) and a plurality of Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices, and it is assumed that the proposed mmwave NOMA technology simultaneously provides a data transmission service for a plurality of MTC devices. There is a document that researches the application of Random beam forming in millimeter wave NOMA system (z, Ding, p, Fan, and h.v. port, Random beam forming in millimeter-wave NOMA networks, IEEE Access, vol.5, pp. 7667 and 7681, feb 2017.) and avoids the need for the base station to know all user channel state information in advance. The millimeter wave transmission has high directivity and easy blockage, and a random geometric method is adopted to represent the performance of the proposed millimeter wave NOMA transmission scheme based on random beams.
The application of NOMA technology to millimeter wave communication based on hybrid beam forming is studied in the literature. First, a user grouping algorithm based on channel correlation is proposed, and then a joint hybrid beamforming and power allocation problem is proposed with the goal of maximizing the achievable rate of the system on the basis of the above, where each user has a minimum achievable rate limiting requirement (L. Zhu, J. Zhang, Z. Xiao, X. Cao, D.O. Wu, and X. -G. Xia, Millimer-wave NOMA with user grouping, power allocation and hybrid beamforming, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 5065, 5079, Nov. 2019.).
Each millimeter wave beam in the present millimeter wave information transmission technology based on NOMA only serves one user, and when the number of millimeter wave beams which can be formed by an antenna array is less than that of users needing to be served, the information transmission service can not be provided for the users at the same time. In view of the above situation, it is necessary to adopt a more flexible beam splitting technology to implement information transmission for multiple users.
Disclosure of Invention
In millimeter wave communication based on NOMA, a single analog beam generally cannot provide information transmission service for a plurality of users at the same time, and in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the single beam, the invention provides a resource optimization allocation method based on adjustable beams, which can be used for a millimeter wave NOMA communication system.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a resource optimization distribution model, and selecting the information receiving user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS straight line distance from the user set as the near-end user of NOMA transmission;
s2, calculating the angle difference between the near-end user and all the users in the residual user set to obtain the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user;
s3, judging whether the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user is less than or equal to the wave width, if so, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S5:
s4, realizing NOMA transmission by adopting a single analog beam, and completing resource optimization allocation;
s5, a two-stage combination method based on optimization user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation is constructed under the condition of multi-analog sub-beams, optimal user pairing and antenna allocation information are obtained, the beam splitting technology is adopted to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission, and resource optimization allocation is completed.
Furthermore, the resource optimization allocation model is a multi-user-based millimeter wave system transmission model and comprises a millimeter wave base station BS and a group of space randomly distributed KIndividual information receiving users marked as user set
Figure 310154DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，
Figure 114030DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
；
The transmission range that the transmitting base station can cover is assumed as the radius
Figure 80497DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The millimeter wave base station BS is arranged at the center of the circle and is provided with a base stationMUniform linear antenna array composed of root antennas, all information receiving users
Figure 944417DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Are all provided with a single antenna; the millimeter wave base station BS provides information transmission service for a plurality of information receiving users by regulating and controlling single analog wave beams according to the positions of the selected information receiving users;
the millimeter wave channel may be characterized as consisting of one line-of-sight Link (LOS) and several weak non-line-of-sight links (NLOS); in the millimeter wave communication systemIn the system, the gain of an LOS link is about 20 decibels higher than that of an NLOS link; therefore, the millimeter wave channel in the present invention considers only the LOS component, omitting the NLOS component. Second in the considered resource-optimized allocation modelkIndividual information receiving user
Figure 851193DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Millimeter wave channel with millimeter wave base station BS
Figure 396444DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Can be modeled as:
Figure 524806DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
；（1）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 372676DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the representation faces the firstkThe individual information receives the array steering vector of the user,
Figure 222208DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
representing the millimeter wave base stations BS and BSkLOS link departure angle between individual information receiving users;
Figure 384199DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
representing a wide range of path fading of the millimeter wave channel,
Figure 570330DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
representing millimeter wave transmitting base stations BS and kThe linear distance between the individual information receiving users,
Figure 510473DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
represents a path loss coefficient;
Figure 860683DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
representing small-range path fading of the millimeter wave channel; since the shielding has a relatively large influence on the millimeter wave information transmission, the straight-line distance is assumed
Figure 872370DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The probability that the transmission link of (A) is an LOS link is
Figure 991636DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Wherein
Figure 365330DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Indicating a blocking parameter.
Further, in step S2, the user set
Figure 937256DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
，
Figure 362422DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Firstly, a user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS is selected
Figure 851041DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
For near-end users, simultaneous user aggregation
Figure 414877DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Removing a user
Figure 723368DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 30852DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
，
Figure 111328DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
；
The angle difference is near-end user
Figure 846066DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Angle of departure of
Figure 641852DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
And the remaining user set
Figure 487449DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Information receiving user in
Figure 685081DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Angle of departure of
Figure 387457DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The absolute value of the difference between the two is as follows:
Figure 404961DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Figure 319827DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
representing near-end users
Figure 369036DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And information receiving user
Figure 445577DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The angular difference between them.
Further, in step S4, the minimum angle difference
Figure 215955DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Less than or equal to the wave width, i.e. representation and near-end user
Figure 668933DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
The information receiving user with the minimum angle difference between the two users is the near-end user
Figure 982103DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Optimizing paired first remote users
Figure 557441DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
；
NOMA transmission using a single analog beam
Figure 487220DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Can be expressed as:
Figure 464927DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
；（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Mthe number of the antennas is represented and,
Figure 242391DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
representing millimeter wave base station BS to near-end user
Figure 910001DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
And a first remote user
Figure 405705DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
The angle of the direction of the visual axis of (c),
Figure 980911DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
which represents a transpose of the vector(s),
Figure 816143DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is the basic unit of an imaginary number; at this time, the near-end user
Figure 716972DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
And a first remote user
Figure 434392DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
All antennas are shared and the respective received signals are expressed as:
Figure 216885DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
；（3）
Figure 421470DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
；（4）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 181616DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
representing the transmission power of the millimeter wave base station BS;
Figure 714228DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
and
Figure 772183DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 362433DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
And a first remote user
Figure 90218DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors;
Figure 768848DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
and
Figure 364915DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
respectively representing transmissions to near-end users
Figure 357141DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
And a first remote user
Figure 708357DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
The signal of (a);
Figure 887666DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
and
Figure 21844DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 872773DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
And a first remote user
Figure 145623DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Received noise;
Figure 795916DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
and
Figure 812413DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
respectively representing the near-end users under a single analog beam
Figure 497342DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
And a first remote user
Figure 206672DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Power distribution coefficient of (1) satisfying
Figure 609840DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the BS end of the millimeter wave base station, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is
Figure 164449DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
To ensure that users at a longer distance can successfully receive information; according to the decoding order of users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 706814DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Information acquisition by Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) techniques, i.e. near-end users
Figure 587045DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
First decoding a first remote user
Figure 211930DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Of the remote signal
Figure 570230DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Then the far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 433013DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 671096DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
；
Near-end user
Figure 452452DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Continuously decoding a far-end signal
Figure 801394DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
And near-end signal
Figure 987524DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 193246DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
And signal to noise ratio
Figure 467758DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Respectively expressed as:
Figure 89232DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
（5）
Figure 395448DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
（6）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 506492DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
represents the millimeter wave base station BS and the near-end user
Figure 528019DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 953185DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 379487DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
indicating the proximal array direction
Figure 788996DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Gain;
Figure 300749DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
representing near-end users
Figure 795184DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Receiving a power of the noise; to the near-end user
Figure 544834DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
First remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 260331DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
To the near end user
Figure 197063DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
Near-end signal of
Figure 291926DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
Direct decoding of desired far-end signal as interference
Figure 99345DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
（7）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 912974DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
representing a millimeter wave base station BS and a first remote user
Figure 133740DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 583961DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 386832DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
indicating a first distal array direction
Figure 712640DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Gain;
Figure 155122DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
representing a first remote user
Figure 342521DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
The power of the received noise;
in this case, the near-end user
Figure 514745DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
And a first remote user
Figure 496608DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
All antennas are shared, and only near-end users are required
Figure 553950DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
And a first remote user
Figure 279461DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 571771DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
And
Figure 724534DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
performing optimized allocation to maximize near-end users
Figure 203926DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
And a first remote user
Figure 920078DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
The first optimization problem may be expressed as (P1):
Figure 879944DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
；（8）
wherein the objective function
Figure 387630DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
Representing near-end users
Figure 105050DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
And a first remote user
Figure 483948DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Total received rate in a single analog beam, i.e. near-end users
Figure 970424DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
And a first remote user
Figure 979837DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
May be expressed as:
Figure 105925DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
；（9）
qualification C1 represents a near-end user
Figure 773667DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
And a first remote user
Figure 366847DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 297894DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
And
Figure 911278DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
the relationship between; qualification C2 ensures that the near-end user
Figure 835240DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure 296308DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Of the remote signal
Figure 913103DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
(ii) a Qualification C3 represents a near-end user
Figure 826833DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
And a first remote user
Figure 551557DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 132711DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
And a first remote user target rate
Figure 733456DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
(ii) a Since it cannot be based on the objective function
Figure 321432DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Is directly judging the objective function
Figure 587198DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Whether it is a convex or a concave function, can be determined by assuming the near-end user
Figure 350754DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
And a first remote user
Figure 794505DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
The received signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 20 decibels, and an objective function is taken
Figure 197673DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Approximate expression of
Figure 283441DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
To obtain the optimal power distribution coefficient, namely:
Figure 560226DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
（10）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
，
Figure 299512DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
(ii) a Thus, the first optimization problem (P1) can be equivalently represented as the second optimization problem (P2):
Figure 924397DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
；（11）
now condition C4 is defined to ensure that the near-end user is present
Figure 17118DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure 676639DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
Of the remote signal
Figure 258930DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
The limiting condition C5 indicates the value range of the power distribution coefficient; by analysis, an objective function in a second optimization problem (P2)
Figure 368181DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
The power distribution coefficient is a concave function, so that the optimized power distribution coefficient can be obtained through a convex optimization tool (CVX) in Matlab simulation software, NOMA transmission is realized, and resource optimized distribution is completed.
Further, in step S5, if the minimum angle difference is greater than or equal to the wave width, the beam splitting technology is required to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to implement NOMA transmission;
suppose a second remote user
Figure 530172DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
For near-end users
Figure 247461DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
Optimized paired users, and near-end users
Figure 469495DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
And a second remote user
Figure 68973DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Are respectively allocated with the number of antennas as
Figure 34655DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
And
Figure 403188DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
for near-end users
Figure 327282DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
And a second remote user
Figure 620247DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Sub-beam for providing information transmission service
Figure 124041DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
And
Figure 347081DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
respectively expressed as:
Figure 910917DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
；（12）
Figure 484987DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
；（13）
therefore, in the case of multiple beams, the analog beam formed by the antenna array at the transmitting end can be generally expressed as:
Figure 526892DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
；（14）
at this time, the near-end user
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
And a second remote user
Figure 807701DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
Received signal
Figure 608952DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
And
Figure 889892DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
respectively expressed as:
Figure 922439DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
（15）
Figure 854491DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
（16）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 25710DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
respectively representing second remote users
Figure 43213DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors; second far-end signal
Figure 692500DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
Presentation to a second remote user
Figure 13148DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
The signal of (a);
Figure 417584DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
representing a second remote user
Figure 860067DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Received noise;
Figure 781887DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
and
Figure 157373DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
respectively representing the near-end users under multiple analog sub-beams
Figure 591766DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
And a second remote user
Figure 112090DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Power distribution coefficient of (1) satisfying
Figure 758972DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the millimeter wave base station BS end, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is to say
Figure 723386DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
To ensure that users at longer distances can successfully receive information; based on the decoding order of the users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 859838DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
Information acquisition by SIC technique, i.e. near-end user
Figure 686367DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
Decoding the second remote user first
Figure 668098DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Second far-end signal of
Figure 487019DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
Then the second far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 59951DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 226972DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
；
Near end user
Figure 481236DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
Continuously decoding the second remote signal
Figure 748138DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
And near-end signal
Figure 963743DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 807940DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
And signal to noise ratio
Figure 865895DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
Are respectively represented as
Figure 390898DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
（17）
Figure 774475DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
（18）
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 184597DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
representing the near-end array direction under multiple analog sub-beam conditions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
Gain; to the near-end user
Figure 845910DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
Second remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 493929DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
To the near end user
Figure 517249DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
Near-end signal of
Figure 149087DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
Direct decoding of the desired second remote signal as interference
Figure 944169DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
Corresponding signal to noise ratio
Figure 56482DEST_PATH_IMAGE139
Expressed as:
Figure 47440DEST_PATH_IMAGE140
；（19）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 714045DEST_PATH_IMAGE141
representing the millimeter wave base station BS and the second remote user
Figure 448652DEST_PATH_IMAGE142
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 399159DEST_PATH_IMAGE143
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 46172DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
representing a second far-end array direction in a multi-analog sub-beam condition
Figure 249008DEST_PATH_IMAGE145
Gain;
Figure 69196DEST_PATH_IMAGE146
representing a second remote user
Figure 811893DEST_PATH_IMAGE147
The power of the received noise.
Further, in step S5, in the multi-beam case, the near-end user is associated with the transmission distance and the antenna assignment
Figure 692124DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
The far-end user with the smallest angular difference may not be the optimal far-end user, i.e., the near-end user
Figure 317010DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
The optimized paired users of (1);
therefore, a two-stage joint method based on optimized user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation is provided under the condition of multiple analog sub-beams, and the total information receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user is further improved, and the method comprises the following steps:
s5.1, constructing an optimized antenna allocation and user pairing algorithm based on the transmission distance and the departure angle, and aiming at maximizing the total receiving rate of a near-end user and a second far-end user under the condition of fixed power allocation to obtain user pairing and antenna optimal allocation information;
and S5.2, acquiring an optimal power distribution coefficient by a convex optimization method with the aim of maximizing the total receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user under the constraint condition of considering the receiving rate, the total number of antennas and the minimum antenna distribution number of each information receiving user according to the acquired user pairing and antenna optimal distribution information.
Further, in step S5.1, the near-end user is first secured
Figure 675310DEST_PATH_IMAGE149
And a second remote user
Figure 69251DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 835563DEST_PATH_IMAGE151
And
Figure 698477DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
to satisfy
Figure 109735DEST_PATH_IMAGE153
Meanwhile, suppose that the millimeter wave base station BS acquires LOS link information (transmission distance and departure angle) between the millimeter wave base station BS and all users in advance by adopting a beam tracking technology; in the case of user pairing and antenna allocation, the third optimization problem of maximizing the user reception rate can be expressed as (P3):
Figure 640074DEST_PATH_IMAGE154
（20）
wherein, will
Figure 111375DEST_PATH_IMAGE155
And
Figure 196006DEST_PATH_IMAGE156
the total receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user can be obtained by substituting the equations (18) and (19)
Figure 410956DEST_PATH_IMAGE157
(ii) a The qualification C6 represents the scheduling variables of the user, which means:
Figure 999063DEST_PATH_IMAGE158
；（21）
qualification C7 represents a near-end user
Figure 644195DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
And a second remote user
Figure 481701DEST_PATH_IMAGE160
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 234763DEST_PATH_IMAGE161
And a second remote user target rate
Figure 208535DEST_PATH_IMAGE162
；
Qualification C8 represents a near-end user
Figure 224901DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
And a second remote user
Figure 533392DEST_PATH_IMAGE160
Is distributedNumber of antennas
Figure 637614DEST_PATH_IMAGE163
And
Figure 731472DEST_PATH_IMAGE164
is composed of
Figure 915810DEST_PATH_IMAGE165
；
Qualification C9 represents a near-end user
Figure 711597DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
And a second remote user
Figure 557193DEST_PATH_IMAGE160
The minimum number of antennas allocated is
Figure 754825DEST_PATH_IMAGE166
；
The effective channel fading of the objective function in the third optimization problem P3 is a periodic trigonometric function following the number of antennas, so the considered third optimization problem P3 is a non-convex integer programming problem, and a user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is adopted to solve the problems of user pairing and antenna allocation.
Further, the user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm needs to preset two definitions related to user pairing and antenna allocation, which are specifically as follows:
definition 1: presence and near-end user assumption
Figure 660464DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
Related two-user pairing scheme
Figure 943547DEST_PATH_IMAGE167
And
Figure 858413DEST_PATH_IMAGE168
respectively corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategies as
Figure 647902DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
And
Figure 724442DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
near end user
Figure 229242DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
The preference relationship of (c) is defined as:
Figure 682220DEST_PATH_IMAGE171
；（22）
Figure 854444DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
and
Figure 101886DEST_PATH_IMAGE173
respectively representaIs first and secondbThe information is transmitted to the user of the individual information receiver,
Figure 93982DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 737934DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 764665DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 183008DEST_PATH_IMAGE173
A first pairing scheme and a second pairing scheme for pairing;
Figure 662399DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
and
Figure 191601DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
respectively represent a first pairing scheme
Figure 338417DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
And a second pairing scheme
Figure 927662DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
Middle near-end user
Figure 897279DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 230171DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 231494DEST_PATH_IMAGE173
The first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy;
the position information of the user, including the distance and the departure angle with the millimeter wave base station BS, and the first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy are substituted into the objective function in the formula (20), so that the first pairing scheme can be obtained
Figure 991640DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 993094DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
Near-end user of time
Figure 378945DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 985507DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
Total receiving rate of
Figure 900242DEST_PATH_IMAGE177
And in a second pairing scheme
Figure 592254DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 802304DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
Near-end user of time
Figure 60110DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
And a first step ofbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 614588DEST_PATH_IMAGE173
Total receiving rate of
Figure 59476DEST_PATH_IMAGE178
；
Figure 990392DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
Representing near-end users
Figure 555234DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
Is more inclined to the firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 93663DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
Pairing due to near-end user
Figure 746886DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
And a first step ofbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 28962DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
In the second pairing scheme
Figure 917153DEST_PATH_IMAGE182
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 610171DEST_PATH_IMAGE183
Lower end user
Figure 154285DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 283128DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
Total receiving rate ofGreater than or equal to the near-end user
Figure 494667DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 30690DEST_PATH_IMAGE184
In the first pairing scheme
Figure 596188DEST_PATH_IMAGE185
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 407018DEST_PATH_IMAGE186
Near-end user of time
Figure 4222DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 976726DEST_PATH_IMAGE184
The total reception rate of;
obtaining an optimal first optimal antenna allocation strategy by using a one-dimensional full search method under the limiting conditions of antenna allocation C8 and C9
Figure 554819DEST_PATH_IMAGE186
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 903761DEST_PATH_IMAGE183
；
Definition 2: suppose ini'In the second iteration, users are grouped into
Figure 886629DEST_PATH_IMAGE187
Corresponding optimized antenna allocation of
Figure 30035DEST_PATH_IMAGE188
And if and only if:
Figure 835704DEST_PATH_IMAGE189
；（22）
near-end user
Figure 457178DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
Will leave its packet asi'A pairing scheme
Figure 763395DEST_PATH_IMAGE191
And is connected withi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 812122DEST_PATH_IMAGE192
Form a new packet, i.e. the secondi'+1 pairing scheme
Figure 771332DEST_PATH_IMAGE193
Receiving information to the location information of the user and the firsti'Optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE194
And a first step ofi'+1 optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 117869DEST_PATH_IMAGE195
The objective function in the formula (20) can be obtained
Figure 544171DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
And
Figure 297888DEST_PATH_IMAGE197
in which
Figure 809641DEST_PATH_IMAGE198
Is shown ini'A pairing scheme
Figure 507338DEST_PATH_IMAGE199
And optimizing antenna allocation strategies
Figure 788147DEST_PATH_IMAGE200
Near-end user of time
Figure 261502DEST_PATH_IMAGE201
And a first step ofi'Information receivingReceiving user
Figure 57288DEST_PATH_IMAGE202
The total reception rate of (a) is,
Figure 371726DEST_PATH_IMAGE203
is shown ini'+1 pairing schemes
Figure 834937DEST_PATH_IMAGE204
And corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 193106DEST_PATH_IMAGE205
Near-end user of time
Figure 226921DEST_PATH_IMAGE206
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 128406DEST_PATH_IMAGE207
The total reception rate of;
Figure 931277DEST_PATH_IMAGE208
indicates the newly formed secondi'+1 pairing schemes
Figure 522664DEST_PATH_IMAGE209
By removing the user i.e. firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 247037DEST_PATH_IMAGE210
And joining the user i.e. secondi'+1 information receiving user
Figure 214862DEST_PATH_IMAGE211
Composition is carried out;
Figure 872240DEST_PATH_IMAGE212
indicating the optimized antenna allocation strategy corresponding to the newly formed user pair by removing the antenna allocation strategy of the last iteration
Figure 103370DEST_PATH_IMAGE213
And adding the optimized antenna allocation strategy of the iteration
Figure 377356DEST_PATH_IMAGE214
Composition is carried out; subsequently updating user pairing information
Figure 614784DEST_PATH_IMAGE215
And antenna allocation information
Figure 392247DEST_PATH_IMAGE216
。
Further, in step S5.1, the user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is:
initialization: from a set of users
Figure 59858DEST_PATH_IMAGE217
One user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS is selected to be set as a near-end user for NOMA transmission
Figure 555561DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
Set of users
Figure 334030DEST_PATH_IMAGE219
Removing a user
Figure 684109DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 538932DEST_PATH_IMAGE220
，
Figure 508550DEST_PATH_IMAGE221
Defining an iterative initialization index
Figure 841442DEST_PATH_IMAGE222
Simultaneously, the antennas of the millimeter wave base station BS are all distributed to the near-end users
Figure 842765DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
I.e. initializing an optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 602911DEST_PATH_IMAGE223
；
The first step is as follows: in the first placei'One iteration cycle, the near-end user
Figure 56895DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a first step ofi'Individual information receiving user
Figure 193478DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
Forming a NOMA packet when the near-end user is present
Figure 49308DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a first step ofi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 980354DEST_PATH_IMAGE225
Pairing, obtaining the optimal antenna allocation strategy according to the beam splitting technology, the objective function of the formula (19) and the one-dimensional full search method in the definition 2, and calculating to obtain the near-end user at the moment
Figure 918705DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a first step ofi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 593400DEST_PATH_IMAGE225
Maximum total reception rate of; if the near-end user
Figure 38156DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 405684DEST_PATH_IMAGE225
The maximum total receiving rate is larger than the near-end user when the matching is carried out
Figure 381730DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 843804DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, ini'+1 iteration cycles, optimal user pairing and antenna allocation as
Figure 424958DEST_PATH_IMAGE226
And
Figure 947075DEST_PATH_IMAGE227
(ii) a If the near-end user
Figure 69140DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 85637DEST_PATH_IMAGE225
The maximum total receiving rate in the pairing process is not more than that of the near-end user
Figure 318036DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 276633DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, ini'The original user pairing and antenna allocation information are kept in +1 iteration period;
the second step is that: repeating the iterative operation until the near-end user
Figure 899375DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
The paired information receiving users are not replaced, and the near-end users are obtained at the moment
Figure 968832DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And allocating the optimal paired users and the corresponding antennas.
Further, in step S5.2, according to the obtained user pairing and antenna optimal allocation information, the same power allocation scheme as that in the case of single beam is used to obtain an optimal power allocation coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) currently, transmission schemes for a NOMA-based millimeter wave communication system mainly focus on single analog beam transmission, that is, one single analog beam transmits information for multiple users at the same time. A single millimeter wave beam may provide high quality information transfer services for users if they are concentrated within the range that one beam can cover. However, in practical applications, the locations of users are usually scattered, so that it is difficult for a single analog beam to satisfy NOMA transmission, and the total transmission rate of the system is likely to be reduced. The invention provides a beam control scheme for a millimeter wave NOMA communication system, which can adopt a beam splitting technology to split a single millimeter wave beam into a plurality of sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission when the single millimeter wave beam can not provide transmission service for a plurality of users at the same time.
(2) Parameter optimization in the transmission scheme of the NOMA-based millimeter wave communication system mainly focuses on user pairing, power allocation and beam design, but the influence of antenna allocation on the transmission rate of the system is not considered, so that the invention jointly optimizes user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation for multiple users, and further improves the total transmission rate of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-user-based millimeter wave system transmission model in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for optimized resource allocation based on tunable beams for millimeter wave communication according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating NOMA transmission based on a single analog beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating multiple analog beam based NOMA transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a system average total receiving rate and a base station BS transmitting power of a millimeter wave system transmission model under an OMA scheme, a conventional NOMA scheme, a beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and a beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on an optimized parameter in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a system average total receiving rate and a coverage radius of a base station BS in a millimeter wave system transmission model under an OMA scheme, a conventional NOMA scheme, a beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and a beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on optimization parameters in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between an average total receiving rate of a system and a number of users in a transmission range in a millimeter wave system transmission model under an OMA scheme, a conventional NOMA scheme, a beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and a beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on an optimized parameter in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
a millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams, as shown in fig. 2, includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a resource optimization allocation model, and selecting an information receiving user closest to the straight line distance of the millimeter wave base station BS from the user set as a near-end user for NOMA transmission;
as shown in FIG. 1, the resource optimization allocation model is a multi-user-based millimeter wave system transmission model, and includes a millimeter wave base station BS and a group of spatially randomly distributed millimeter wave base stations BSKIndividual information receiving users, marked as user set
Figure 258999DEST_PATH_IMAGE228
，
Figure 185235DEST_PATH_IMAGE229
；
Assuming that the transmission range that the transmitting base station can cover is the radius
Figure 560853DEST_PATH_IMAGE230
The millimeter wave base station BS is arranged at the center of the circle and is provided with a baseMUniform linear antenna array composed of root antennas, all information receiving users
Figure 368753DEST_PATH_IMAGE231
Are all provided with single antennas; the millimeter wave base station BS provides information transmission service for a plurality of information receiving users by regulating and controlling single analog wave beams according to the positions of the selected information receiving users;
the millimeter wave channel may be characterized as consisting of one line-of-sight Link (LOS) and several weak non-line-of-sight links (NLOS); in a millimeter wave communication system, the gain of an LOS link is about 20 decibels higher than that of an NLOS link; therefore, the millimeter wave channel in the present invention considers only the LOS component, omitting the NLOS component. First in the resource-optimized allocation model under consideration kIndividual information receiving user
Figure 779006DEST_PATH_IMAGE232
Millimeter wave channel with millimeter wave base station BS
Figure 79406DEST_PATH_IMAGE233
It can be modeled as:
Figure 660429DEST_PATH_IMAGE234
；（1）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 619158DEST_PATH_IMAGE235
the representation faces the firstkThe information receives an array steering vector of the user,
Figure 70868DEST_PATH_IMAGE236
represents the millimeter wave base station BS and the secondkThe LOS link departure angle between each information receiving user;
Figure 292902DEST_PATH_IMAGE237
representing a wide range of path fading of the millimeter wave channel,
Figure 160888DEST_PATH_IMAGE238
representing millimeter wave transmitting base stations BS andkthe linear distance between the individual information receiving users,
Figure 126570DEST_PATH_IMAGE239
represents a path loss coefficient;
Figure 495103DEST_PATH_IMAGE240
representing small-range path fading of the millimeter wave channel; since the shielding has a relatively large influence on the millimeter wave information transmission, the straight-line distance is assumed
Figure 825722DEST_PATH_IMAGE241
The probability that the transmission link of (A) is an LOS link is
Figure 912495DEST_PATH_IMAGE242
Wherein
Figure 416289DEST_PATH_IMAGE243
Indicating a blocking parameter.
S2, calculating the angle difference between the near-end user and all the users in the residual user set, and obtaining the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user;
user collection
Figure 904908DEST_PATH_IMAGE244
，
Figure 468744DEST_PATH_IMAGE245
Firstly, a user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS is selected
Figure 532163DEST_PATH_IMAGE246
For near-end users, simultaneous user aggregation
Figure 292178DEST_PATH_IMAGE247
Removing a user
Figure 120457DEST_PATH_IMAGE246
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 901200DEST_PATH_IMAGE248
，
Figure 447719DEST_PATH_IMAGE249
；
The angle difference is near-end user
Figure 808162DEST_PATH_IMAGE246
Angle of departure of
Figure 490947DEST_PATH_IMAGE250
And the remaining user set
Figure 648783DEST_PATH_IMAGE251
Information receiving user in
Figure 682598DEST_PATH_IMAGE252
Angle of departure of
Figure 581153DEST_PATH_IMAGE253
The absolute value of the difference between the two is as follows:
Figure 384024DEST_PATH_IMAGE254
；
Figure 975411DEST_PATH_IMAGE255
Representing near-end users
Figure 417894DEST_PATH_IMAGE246
And information receiving user
Figure 54893DEST_PATH_IMAGE256
The angular difference between them.
S3, judging whether the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user is less than or equal to the wave width, if so, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S5:
s4, as shown in fig. 3, implementing NOMA transmission by using a single analog beam, and completing resource optimization allocation;
minimum angle difference
Figure 164800DEST_PATH_IMAGE257
Less than or equal to the wave width, i.e. the representation and the near endUser' s
Figure 802455DEST_PATH_IMAGE258
The information receiving user with the minimum angle difference between the two users is the near-end user
Figure 466655DEST_PATH_IMAGE258
Optimizing paired first remote users
Figure 913204DEST_PATH_IMAGE259
；
NOMA transmission using a single analog beam
Figure 877618DEST_PATH_IMAGE260
Can be expressed as:
Figure 686174DEST_PATH_IMAGE261
；（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Mthe number of the antennas is represented and,
Figure 103249DEST_PATH_IMAGE262
representing millimeter wave base station BS to near-end user
Figure 82050DEST_PATH_IMAGE263
And a first remote user
Figure 900971DEST_PATH_IMAGE264
The angle of the direction of the visual axis of (c),
Figure 677166DEST_PATH_IMAGE265
which represents the transpose of the vector,
Figure 568155DEST_PATH_IMAGE266
is the basic unit of an imaginary number; now the near-end user
Figure 87998DEST_PATH_IMAGE263
And a first remote user
Figure 761424DEST_PATH_IMAGE264
All antennas are shared and the respective received signals are represented as:
Figure 255991DEST_PATH_IMAGE267
；（3）
Figure 444396DEST_PATH_IMAGE268
；（4）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 968262DEST_PATH_IMAGE269
representing the transmission power of the millimeter wave base station BS;
Figure 761775DEST_PATH_IMAGE270
and
Figure 145352DEST_PATH_IMAGE271
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 479774DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
And a first remote user
Figure 606999DEST_PATH_IMAGE273
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors;
Figure 255018DEST_PATH_IMAGE274
and
Figure 12759DEST_PATH_IMAGE275
respectively representing transmissions to near-end users
Figure 930684DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
And a first remote user
Figure 143491DEST_PATH_IMAGE273
The signal of (a);
Figure 973912DEST_PATH_IMAGE276
and
Figure 246762DEST_PATH_IMAGE277
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 162634DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
And a first remote user
Figure 179132DEST_PATH_IMAGE273
Received noise;
Figure 864060DEST_PATH_IMAGE278
and
Figure 307811DEST_PATH_IMAGE279
respectively representing the near-end users under a single analog beam
Figure 979488DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
And a first remote user
Figure 799676DEST_PATH_IMAGE273
Power distribution coefficient of (1) satisfying
Figure 73532DEST_PATH_IMAGE280
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the BS end of the millimeter wave base station, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is
Figure 953763DEST_PATH_IMAGE281
To ensure that users at a longer distance can successfully receive information; according to the decoding order of users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 844228DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
Information acquisition by Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) techniques, i.e. near-end users
Figure 405790DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
First decoding a first remote user
Figure 65310DEST_PATH_IMAGE273
Of the remote signal
Figure 647601DEST_PATH_IMAGE275
Then the far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 756853DEST_PATH_IMAGE275
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 653265DEST_PATH_IMAGE282
；
Near-end user
Figure 167292DEST_PATH_IMAGE272
Continuously decoding a far-end signal
Figure 389326DEST_PATH_IMAGE275
And near-end signal
Figure 988803DEST_PATH_IMAGE282
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 485644DEST_PATH_IMAGE283
Sum signal to noise ratio
Figure 604909DEST_PATH_IMAGE284
Respectively expressed as:
Figure 450374DEST_PATH_IMAGE285
（5）
Figure 805657DEST_PATH_IMAGE286
（6）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 309451DEST_PATH_IMAGE287
represents the millimeter wave base station BS and the near-end user
Figure 532490DEST_PATH_IMAGE288
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 96327DEST_PATH_IMAGE289
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 670397DEST_PATH_IMAGE290
indicating the proximal array direction
Figure 915564DEST_PATH_IMAGE291
Gain;
Figure 258690DEST_PATH_IMAGE292
representing near-end users
Figure 259007DEST_PATH_IMAGE293
Receiving a power of the noise; to the near-end user
Figure 255126DEST_PATH_IMAGE293
First remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 615569DEST_PATH_IMAGE294
To the near end user
Figure 360671DEST_PATH_IMAGE293
Near-end signal of
Figure 266310DEST_PATH_IMAGE295
Direct decoding of desired far-end signal as interference
Figure 752655DEST_PATH_IMAGE296
The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as:
Figure 385631DEST_PATH_IMAGE297
（7）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 719660DEST_PATH_IMAGE298
representing millimeter wavesBase station BS and first remote user
Figure 48398DEST_PATH_IMAGE294
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 303930DEST_PATH_IMAGE299
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 6176DEST_PATH_IMAGE300
indicating a first distal array direction
Figure 929132DEST_PATH_IMAGE301
Gain;
Figure 425841DEST_PATH_IMAGE302
representing a first remote user
Figure 168670DEST_PATH_IMAGE294
The power of the received noise;
in this case, the near-end user
Figure 409027DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 186490DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
All antennas are shared, and only near-end users are required
Figure 851171DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 81295DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 672813DEST_PATH_IMAGE305
And
Figure 757313DEST_PATH_IMAGE306
performing optimized allocation to maximize near-end users
Figure 143295DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 375562DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
The first optimization problem may be expressed as (P1):
Figure 708454DEST_PATH_IMAGE307
；（8）
wherein the objective function
Figure 647460DEST_PATH_IMAGE308
Representing near-end users
Figure 190962DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 395678DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
Total received rate in a single analog beam, i.e. near end user
Figure 515950DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 856932DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
May be expressed as:
Figure 302826DEST_PATH_IMAGE309
；（9）
qualification C1 represents a near-end user
Figure 525997DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 918801DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 176607DEST_PATH_IMAGE310
And
Figure 278555DEST_PATH_IMAGE311
the relationship between; qualification C2 ensures that the near-end user
Figure 727639DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure 206025DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
Of the remote signal
Figure 505288DEST_PATH_IMAGE312
(ii) a Qualification C3 represents a near-end user
Figure 43717DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 490748DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 772825DEST_PATH_IMAGE313
And a first remote user target rate
Figure 457753DEST_PATH_IMAGE314
(ii) a Since it cannot be based on the objective function
Figure 901503DEST_PATH_IMAGE315
Is directly judging the objective function
Figure 510864DEST_PATH_IMAGE315
Whether it is a convex or a concave function, can be determined by assuming the near-end user
Figure 127790DEST_PATH_IMAGE303
And a first remote user
Figure 667225DEST_PATH_IMAGE304
Received signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 20 minutesTaking objective function of Bei
Figure 485139DEST_PATH_IMAGE315
Approximate expression of
Figure 844445DEST_PATH_IMAGE316
To obtain the optimal power distribution coefficient, namely:
Figure 655275DEST_PATH_IMAGE318
（10）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 187232DEST_PATH_IMAGE319
，
Figure 690894DEST_PATH_IMAGE320
(ii) a Thus, the first optimization problem (P1) can be equivalently represented as the second optimization problem (P2):
Figure 740759DEST_PATH_IMAGE321
；（11）
now condition C4 is defined to ensure that the near-end user is present
Figure 482843DEST_PATH_IMAGE322
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE323
Of the remote signal
Figure 528029DEST_PATH_IMAGE324
The limiting condition C5 indicates the value range of the power distribution coefficient; by analysis, an objective function in a second optimization problem (P2)
Figure 937013DEST_PATH_IMAGE325
The power distribution coefficient is a concave function, so that the optimized power distribution coefficient can be obtained through a convex optimization tool (CVX) in Matlab simulation software, NOMA transmission is realized, and resource optimization distribution is completed.
S5, as shown in figure 4, a two-stage combination method based on optimized user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation is constructed under the condition of multi-analog sub-beams, optimal user pairing and antenna allocation information are obtained, a beam splitting technology is adopted to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission, and resource optimized allocation is completed;
If the minimum angle difference is larger than or equal to the wave width, the beam splitting technology is adopted to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission;
suppose a second remote user
Figure 471244DEST_PATH_IMAGE326
For the near-end user
Figure 341986DEST_PATH_IMAGE322
Optimized paired users of, and near-end users
Figure 648202DEST_PATH_IMAGE322
And a second remote user
Figure 434280DEST_PATH_IMAGE326
Are respectively allocated with the number of antennas as
Figure 255475DEST_PATH_IMAGE327
And
Figure 415061DEST_PATH_IMAGE328
for the near-end user
Figure 310204DEST_PATH_IMAGE322
And a second remote user
Figure 323641DEST_PATH_IMAGE326
Sub-beam for providing information transmission service
Figure 304235DEST_PATH_IMAGE329
And
Figure 64250DEST_PATH_IMAGE330
respectively expressed as:
Figure 282741DEST_PATH_IMAGE331
；（12）
Figure 659890DEST_PATH_IMAGE332
；（13）
therefore, in the case of multiple beams, the analog beam formed by the antenna array at the transmitting end can be generally expressed as:
Figure 658938DEST_PATH_IMAGE333
；（14）
at this time, the near-end user
Figure 894748DEST_PATH_IMAGE334
And a second remote user
Figure 50571DEST_PATH_IMAGE335
Received signal
Figure 674319DEST_PATH_IMAGE336
And
Figure 176976DEST_PATH_IMAGE337
respectively expressed as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE338
（15）
Figure 731323DEST_PATH_IMAGE339
（16）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 534193DEST_PATH_IMAGE340
respectively representing second remote users
Figure 331773DEST_PATH_IMAGE341
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors; second far-end signal
Figure 508676DEST_PATH_IMAGE342
Presentation to a second remote user
Figure 945343DEST_PATH_IMAGE343
The signal of (a);
Figure 868299DEST_PATH_IMAGE344
representing a second remote user
Figure 568271DEST_PATH_IMAGE345
Received noise;
Figure 823016DEST_PATH_IMAGE346
and
Figure 282947DEST_PATH_IMAGE347
respectively representing the near-end users under multiple analog sub-beams
Figure 512940DEST_PATH_IMAGE348
And a second remote user
Figure 446130DEST_PATH_IMAGE349
Power distribution coefficient of (1) satisfying
Figure 410675DEST_PATH_IMAGE350
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the BS end of the millimeter wave base station, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is
Figure 392406DEST_PATH_IMAGE351
To ensure that users at a longer distance can successfully receive information; according to the decoding order of users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 807732DEST_PATH_IMAGE352
Information acquisition by SIC technique, i.e. near-end user
Figure 600238DEST_PATH_IMAGE352
Decoding the second remote user first
Figure 363664DEST_PATH_IMAGE353
Second far-end signal of
Figure 899819DEST_PATH_IMAGE354
Then the second far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 901142DEST_PATH_IMAGE355
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 661287DEST_PATH_IMAGE356
；
Near end user
Figure 380850DEST_PATH_IMAGE352
Continuously decoding the second remote signal
Figure 517434DEST_PATH_IMAGE354
And near-end signal
Figure 104754DEST_PATH_IMAGE356
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 35801DEST_PATH_IMAGE357
Sum signal to noise ratio
Figure 977081DEST_PATH_IMAGE358
Are respectively represented as
Figure 917355DEST_PATH_IMAGE359
（17）
Figure 627691DEST_PATH_IMAGE360
（18）
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 995219DEST_PATH_IMAGE361
representing the near-end array direction under multiple analog sub-beam conditions
Figure 423795DEST_PATH_IMAGE362
Gain; to the near-end user
Figure 636601DEST_PATH_IMAGE363
Second remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 469953DEST_PATH_IMAGE364
To the near end user
Figure 8381DEST_PATH_IMAGE363
Near-end signal of
Figure 393095DEST_PATH_IMAGE365
Direct decoding of the desired second remote signal as interference
Figure 675172DEST_PATH_IMAGE366
Corresponding signal to noise ratio
Figure 94521DEST_PATH_IMAGE367
Expressed as:
Figure 803851DEST_PATH_IMAGE368
；（19）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 410282DEST_PATH_IMAGE369
representing the millimeter wave base station BS and the second remote user
Figure 27208DEST_PATH_IMAGE370
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 766975DEST_PATH_IMAGE371
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 365316DEST_PATH_IMAGE372
representing a second far-end array direction in a multi-analog sub-beam condition
Figure 6512DEST_PATH_IMAGE373
Gain;
Figure 82922DEST_PATH_IMAGE374
representing a second remote user
Figure 742442DEST_PATH_IMAGE375
The power of the received noise.
In the multi-beam case, due to the influence of transmission distance and antenna allocation, with the near-end user
Figure 996837DEST_PATH_IMAGE376
The far-end user with the smallest angular difference may not be the optimal far-end user, i.e., the near-end user
Figure 908686DEST_PATH_IMAGE376
The optimized paired users of (1);
therefore, a two-stage joint method based on optimized user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation is provided under the condition of multiple analog sub-beams, and the total information receiving rate of a near-end user and a second far-end user is further improved, and the method comprises the following steps:
S5.1, constructing an optimized antenna allocation and user pairing algorithm based on transmission distance and departure angle, and aiming at realizing the maximization of the total receiving rate of a near-end user and a second far-end user under the condition of fixed power allocation to obtain user pairing and antenna optimal allocation information;
first fixing the near-end user
Figure 70677DEST_PATH_IMAGE377
And a second remote user
Figure 584704DEST_PATH_IMAGE378
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 541158DEST_PATH_IMAGE379
And
Figure 140636DEST_PATH_IMAGE380
satisfy the following requirements
Figure 309580DEST_PATH_IMAGE381
Meanwhile, suppose that the millimeter wave base station BS acquires LOS link information (transmission distance and departure angle) between the millimeter wave base station BS and all users in advance by adopting a beam tracking technology; in the case of user pairing and antenna allocation, the third optimization problem of maximizing the user reception rate can be represented as (P3):
Figure 678113DEST_PATH_IMAGE382
（20）
wherein, will
Figure 71049DEST_PATH_IMAGE383
And
Figure 178330DEST_PATH_IMAGE384
the total receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user can be obtained by substituting the equations (18) and (19)
Figure 682124DEST_PATH_IMAGE385
(ii) a The qualification C6 represents the scheduling variables of the user, which means:
Figure 374005DEST_PATH_IMAGE386
；（21）
qualification C7 represents a near-end user
Figure 187109DEST_PATH_IMAGE387
And a second remote user
Figure 246332DEST_PATH_IMAGE388
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 68663DEST_PATH_IMAGE389
And a second remote user target rate
Figure 365784DEST_PATH_IMAGE390
；
Qualification C8 represents a near-end user
Figure 352719DEST_PATH_IMAGE387
And a second remote user
Figure 899238DEST_PATH_IMAGE388
Number of antennas allocated
Figure 994102DEST_PATH_IMAGE391
And
Figure 394996DEST_PATH_IMAGE392
is composed of
Figure 487586DEST_PATH_IMAGE393
；
Qualification C9 represents a near-end user
Figure 705422DEST_PATH_IMAGE387
And a second remote user
Figure 276080DEST_PATH_IMAGE388
The minimum number of antennas allocated is
Figure 62640DEST_PATH_IMAGE394
；
The effective channel fading of the objective function in the third optimization problem P3 is a periodic trigonometric function following the number of antennas, so the considered third optimization problem P3 is a non-convex integer programming problem, and a user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is adopted to solve the problems of user pairing and antenna allocation.
The user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm needs to preset two definitions related to user pairing and antenna allocation, which are specifically as follows:
definition 1: presence and near-end user assumption
Figure 326131DEST_PATH_IMAGE395
Related two-user pairing scheme
Figure 974805DEST_PATH_IMAGE396
And
Figure 942630DEST_PATH_IMAGE397
respectively corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategies as
Figure 970979DEST_PATH_IMAGE398
And
Figure 874213DEST_PATH_IMAGE399
near end user
Figure 522101DEST_PATH_IMAGE395
The preference relationship of (a) is defined as:
Figure 375175DEST_PATH_IMAGE400
；（22）
Figure 808431DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
and
Figure 413724DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
respectively representaIs first and secondbThe information is transmitted to the user of the individual information receiver,
Figure 96378DEST_PATH_IMAGE403
and
Figure 75180DEST_PATH_IMAGE404
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 346630DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 388404DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 764547DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
A first pairing scheme and a second pairing scheme for pairing;
Figure 753231DEST_PATH_IMAGE406
and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE407
respectively represent a first pairing scheme
Figure 102409DEST_PATH_IMAGE403
And a second pairing scheme
Figure 49505DEST_PATH_IMAGE404
Middle near-end user
Figure 723063DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 577755DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 902426DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
The first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy;
The position information of the user, including the distance and the departure angle with the millimeter wave base station BS, and the first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy are substituted for the objective function in the formula (20), so that the first pairing scheme can be obtained
Figure 833473DEST_PATH_IMAGE403
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 246525DEST_PATH_IMAGE406
Near-end user of time
Figure 373749DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a first step ofaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 100397DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
Total receiving rate of
Figure 186034DEST_PATH_IMAGE408
And in a second pairing scheme
Figure 83451DEST_PATH_IMAGE404
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 745858DEST_PATH_IMAGE407
Near-end user of time
Figure 795854DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a first step ofbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 317971DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
Total receiving rate of
Figure 702685DEST_PATH_IMAGE409
；
Figure 719182DEST_PATH_IMAGE410
Representing near-end users
Figure 872952DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
Is more inclined to the firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 582282DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
Pairing due to near-end user
Figure 988380DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 808568DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
In the second pairing scheme
Figure 348003DEST_PATH_IMAGE404
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 228234DEST_PATH_IMAGE407
Lower end user
Figure 853120DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 211420DEST_PATH_IMAGE402
Total receiving rate of greater than or equal to near-end user
Figure 870940DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 922073DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
In the first pairing scheme
Figure 31324DEST_PATH_IMAGE403
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 927736DEST_PATH_IMAGE406
Near-end user of time
Figure 176184DEST_PATH_IMAGE405
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 194955DEST_PATH_IMAGE401
The total reception rate of;
obtaining an optimal first optimal antenna allocation strategy by using a one-dimensional full search method under the limiting conditions of antenna allocation C8 and C9
Figure 794433DEST_PATH_IMAGE406
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 494536DEST_PATH_IMAGE407
；
Definition 2: suppose ini'In the second iteration, users are grouped into
Figure 863069DEST_PATH_IMAGE411
Corresponding optimized antenna allocation of
Figure 256004DEST_PATH_IMAGE412
And if and only if:
Figure 345707DEST_PATH_IMAGE413
（22）
near end user
Figure 849501DEST_PATH_IMAGE414
Will leave its packet asi'A pairing scheme
Figure 338120DEST_PATH_IMAGE415
And is connected withi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 636377DEST_PATH_IMAGE416
Form a new packet, i.e. the secondi'+1 pairing scheme
Figure 210447DEST_PATH_IMAGE417
Receiving information to the location information of the user and the firsti'Optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 173724DEST_PATH_IMAGE418
And a firsti'+1 optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 310657DEST_PATH_IMAGE419
The objective function in the formula (20) can be obtained
Figure 904450DEST_PATH_IMAGE420
And
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE421
wherein
Figure 749171DEST_PATH_IMAGE422
Is shown ini'A pairing scheme
Figure 47297DEST_PATH_IMAGE415
And optimizing antenna allocation strategies
Figure 182613DEST_PATH_IMAGE418
Near-end user of time
Figure 498973DEST_PATH_IMAGE414
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 798367DEST_PATH_IMAGE423
The total reception rate of (a) is,
Figure 369025DEST_PATH_IMAGE424
is shown ini'+1 pairing schemes
Figure 890006DEST_PATH_IMAGE425
And corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 481393DEST_PATH_IMAGE419
Near end user of time andi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 2504DEST_PATH_IMAGE416
The total reception rate of;
Figure 645362DEST_PATH_IMAGE426
indicates the newly formed secondi'+1 pairing scheme
Figure 568319DEST_PATH_IMAGE427
By removing the user i.e. firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 533870DEST_PATH_IMAGE428
And joining the user i.e. secondi'+1 information receiving user
Figure 729228DEST_PATH_IMAGE429
Composition is carried out;
Figure 641689DEST_PATH_IMAGE430
indicating the optimized antenna allocation strategy corresponding to the newly formed user pair by removing the antenna allocation strategy of the last iteration
Figure 55703DEST_PATH_IMAGE431
And adding the optimized antenna allocation strategy of the iteration
Figure 926576DEST_PATH_IMAGE432
Composition is carried out; subsequently updating user pairing information
Figure 15755DEST_PATH_IMAGE433
And antenna allocation information
Figure 656208DEST_PATH_IMAGE434
。
The user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is as follows:
initialization: from a set of users
Figure 412811DEST_PATH_IMAGE435
Selecting a user nearest to the millimeter wave base station BS as a near-end user for NOMA transmission
Figure 454586DEST_PATH_IMAGE436
User set
Figure 808557DEST_PATH_IMAGE437
Removing a user
Figure 531662DEST_PATH_IMAGE436
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 394969DEST_PATH_IMAGE438
，
Figure 76486DEST_PATH_IMAGE439
Defining an iterative initialization index
Figure 936995DEST_PATH_IMAGE440
Simultaneously, the antennas of the millimeter wave base station BS are all distributed to the near-end users
Figure 994950DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
I.e. initialise an optimised antenna allocation strategy
Figure 519953DEST_PATH_IMAGE442
；
The first step is as follows: in the first placei'An iteration cycle, near end user
Figure 356060DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 235023DEST_PATH_IMAGE443
Forming a NOMA packet when the near-end user is present
Figure 568440DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 13197DEST_PATH_IMAGE444
Pairing, obtaining the optimal antenna allocation strategy according to the beam splitting technology, the objective function of the formula (19) and the one-dimensional full search method in the definition 2, and calculating to obtain the near-end user at the moment
Figure 770937DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 871617DEST_PATH_IMAGE444
Maximum total reception rate of; if the near-end user
Figure 88620DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 466512DEST_PATH_IMAGE444
The maximum total receiving rate is larger than the near-end user when the matching is carried out
Figure 739361DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 389654DEST_PATH_IMAGE445
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, ini'+1 iteration cycles, optimal user pairing and antenna allocation as
Figure 406152DEST_PATH_IMAGE446
And
Figure 91080DEST_PATH_IMAGE447
(ii) a If the near-end user
Figure 534831DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a first step ofi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 734737DEST_PATH_IMAGE444
The maximum total receiving rate in the time matching is not more than the near-end user
Figure 554925DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And a first step ofi'Individual information receiving user
Figure 831711DEST_PATH_IMAGE445
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, ini'The original user pairing and antenna allocation information are kept in +1 iteration periods;
the second step: repeating the iterative operation until the near-end user
Figure 508680DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
The paired information receiving users are not replaced, and the near-end users are obtained at the moment
Figure 618718DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And allocating the optimal paired users and the corresponding antennas.
And S5.2, according to the obtained user pairing and antenna optimal distribution information, under the condition that the receiving rate, the total number of antennas and the minimum antenna distribution number of each information receiving user are considered, the optimal power distribution coefficient is obtained by adopting the same power distribution scheme as that under the single-beam condition through a convex optimization method by taking the maximization of the total receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user as a target.
In this example, simulation analysis evaluated the system average total reception rate of the proposed steerable beam NOMA scheme under optimal resource allocation, and compared with an Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) scheme, a conventional NOMA scheme, and a steerable beam scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation. For OMA scheme, BS adopts time division multiplexing (TDD) strategy to send signals for optimal paired users, namely, users with the nearest distance
Figure 226286DEST_PATH_IMAGE441
And paired users
Figure 433276DEST_PATH_IMAGE448
Data is received in the first half and the second half of the entire transmission slot, respectively. In the conventional NOMA scheme, when the angle difference of the paired users is smaller than the beam width of a single beam, the BS implements NOMA transmission using only the single beam, otherwise OMA transmission is employed. Both the OMA scheme and the conventional NOMA scheme, which are compared here, use the optimal user pairing scheme proposed by the present invention.
In this embodiment, fig. 5 shows a relationship between the average total receiving rate of the system and the transmitting power of the base station BS under the considered multi-user based millimeter wave system transmission model under the OMA scheme, the conventional NOMA scheme, the beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and the beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on the optimized parameter. As can be seen from the figure, the average total receiving rate of the system under different schemes increases with the increase of the transmitting power of the base station BS. Further, the proposed beam-steering NOMA scheme based on optimized parameters has significant advantages over the other 3 schemes. Furthermore, in case of fixed resource allocation, the average total reception rate of the system under the proposed steerable beam NOMA scheme is higher than that of the conventional NOMA scheme and OMA scheme. Therefore, the optimal allocation of resources has a great influence on the transmission rate of the system. However, the average sum rate of the systems of the conventional NOMA scheme and the OMA scheme is not very different, because the beam width of mmWave is narrow, the probability of performing NOMA transmission by the conventional NOMA scheme is low.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, fig. 6 shows a relationship between the average total receiving rate of the system and the coverage radius of the base station BS under the OMA scheme, the conventional NOMA scheme, the beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and the beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on the optimized parameter in the considered multi-user-based millimeter wave system transmission model. As can be seen from the figure, as the coverage radius of the base station BS increases, the average total receiving rate of the system of the transmission system under consideration shows a decreasing trend under the four schemes, because the probability that the base station BS uses a single beam to realize NOMA transmission is decreased due to the larger transmission range, which results in the decrease of the average total receiving rate of the system. Similarly, whether the optimal resource allocation is adopted or not, the average total receiving rate of the system under the controllable beam NOMA scheme is superior to that of the other two schemes, and the average total receiving rate of the controllable beam NOMA scheme under the optimal resource allocation is much higher than that of the other three schemes, so that the superiority of the scheme in the aspect of improving the transmission rate of the system is verified.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, fig. 7 shows a relationship between the average total receiving rate of the system and the number of users in the transmission range under the considered multi-user based millimeter wave system transmission model in the OMA scheme, the conventional NOMA scheme, the beam-controllable NOMA scheme under fixed antenna allocation and power allocation, and the beam-controllable NOMA scheme based on the optimized parameter. It can be seen from the figure that as the number of users in the transmission range increases, the average total reception rate of the transmission system under consideration also increases, since there will be a greater probability that more users will acquire a better user packet. Compared with other schemes, the proposed controllable beam NOMA scheme under the optimal resource allocation has obvious advantages in improving the transmission rate. Meanwhile, the proposed steered beam NOMA scheme also has an advantage over the OMA scheme and the conventional NOMA scheme in terms of the system average total reception rate at fixed resources. Furthermore, as the number of users decreases, the probability of employing single beam transmission under the conventional NOMA scheme is relatively low, and thus the average total reception rate thereof is very close to that of the OMA scheme.

Claims (10)

1. A millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on adjustable beams is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a resource optimization distribution model, and selecting the information receiving user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS straight line distance from the user set as the near-end user of NOMA transmission;
s2, calculating the angle difference between the near-end user and all the users in the residual user set to obtain the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user;
s3, judging whether the minimum angle difference corresponding to the near-end user is less than or equal to the wave width, if so, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S5:
s4, realizing NOMA transmission by adopting a single analog beam, and completing resource optimization allocation;
s5, a two-stage combination method based on optimized user grouping, antenna distribution and power distribution is constructed under the condition of multi-analog sub-beams, optimal user pairing and antenna distribution information are obtained, the beam splitting technology is adopted to divide the single analog beam into two sub-beams to realize NOMA transmission, and resource optimized distribution is completed.
2. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on adjustable beams according to claim 1, wherein the resource optimal allocation model is a multi-user based millimeter wave system transmission model comprising a millimeter wave base station BS and a group of spatially randomly distributed millimeter wave base stations BS KIndividual information receiving users marked as user set
Figure 240780DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，
Figure 830024DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
；
The transmission range that the transmitting base station can cover is assumed as the radius
Figure 593450DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The millimeter wave base station BS is arranged at the center of the circle and is provided with a base stationMUniform linear antenna array composed of root antennas, all information receiving users
Figure 162228DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Are all provided with a single antenna; the millimeter wave base station BS provides information transmission service for a plurality of information receiving users by regulating and controlling single analog wave beams according to the positions of the selected information receiving users;
the millimeter wave channel is characterized by being composed of a line-of-sight Link (LOS) and a plurality of weak non-line-of-sight links (NLOS); the millimeter wave channel only considers LOS component, and omits NLOS component; first in the resource-optimized allocation model under considerationkIndividual information receiving user
Figure 960288DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Millimeter wave channel with millimeter wave base station BS
Figure 923696DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Modeling is as follows:
Figure 640330DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
；（1）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 275448DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the representation faces the firstkThe individual information receives the array steering vector of the user,
Figure 868628DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
representing the millimeter wave base stations BS and BSkLOS link departure angle between individual information receiving users;
Figure 376839DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
representing a wide range of path fading of the millimeter wave channel,
Figure 713444DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
representing millimeter wave transmitting base stations BS andkthe linear distance between the individual information receiving users,
Figure 699723DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
represents a path loss coefficient; representing small-range path fading of the millimeter wave channel; since the shielding has a relatively large influence on the millimeter wave information transmission, the straight-line distance is assumed
Figure 6464DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The transmission link of (A) is a LOS link with a probability of
Figure 419997DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
In which
Figure 907960DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Indicating a blocking parameter.
3. The method for optimized resource allocation based on tunable beams for millimeter wave communication according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the user sets
Figure 166772DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
，
Figure 747926DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Firstly, a user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS is selected
Figure 115716DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
For near-end users, simultaneous user collections
Figure 622134DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Removing a user
Figure 419057DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 589138DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
，
Figure 612983DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
；
The angle difference is near-end user
Figure 547309DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Angle of departure of
Figure 597524DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
And the remaining user set
Figure 464855DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Information receiving user in
Figure 331704DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Angle of departure of
Figure 487748DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The absolute value of the difference between the two is as follows:
Figure 642786DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Figure 588393DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
for indicating proximalHousehold
Figure 419952DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And information receiving user
Figure 862959DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The angular difference between them.
4. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, the minimum angle difference is
Figure 441927DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Less than or equal to the wave width, i.e. representation and near-end user
Figure 159216DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The information receiving user with the minimum angle difference between the two users is the near-end user
Figure 335245DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Optimizing paired first remote users
Figure 994109DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
；
NOMA transmission using a single analog beam
Figure 881163DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Expressed as:
Figure 157686DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
；（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Mthe number of the antennas is represented and,
Figure 124855DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
representing millimeter wave base station BS to near-end user
Figure 805104DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
And a first remote user
Figure 170882DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The angle of the direction of the visual axis of (c),
Figure 439927DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
which represents a transpose of the vector(s),
Figure 539118DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is the basic unit of an imaginary number; at this time, the near-end user
Figure 113188DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
And a first remote user
Figure 155093DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
All antennas are shared and the respective received signals are expressed as:
Figure 281574DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
；（3）
Figure 230027DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
；（4）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 294322DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
representing the transmission power of the millimeter wave base station BS;
Figure 671077DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
and
Figure 603130DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 551844DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And a first remote user
Figure 287457DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors;
Figure 936744DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
and
Figure 365714DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
respectively representing transmissions to near-end users
Figure 442254DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And a first remote user
Figure 209703DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
The signal of (a);
Figure 239845DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
and
Figure 477316DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 974025DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And a first remote user
Figure 501475DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Received noise;
Figure 243297DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
and
Figure 329415DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
respectively representing the near-end users under a single analog beam
Figure 59343DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And a first remote user
Figure 289467DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Power distribution coefficient of (1) satisfying
Figure 133183DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the BS end of the millimeter wave base station, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is
Figure 342316DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
To ensure that users at a longer distance can successfully receive information; according to the decoding order of users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 771373DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Information acquisition by Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) techniques, i.e. near-end users
Figure 534799DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
First decoding a first remote user
Figure 447785DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Of the remote signal
Figure 245845DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Then the far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 783487DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 830947DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
；
Near-end user
Figure 813202DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Continuously decoding a remote message Number (C)
Figure 266703DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
And near-end signal
Figure 994488DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 935768DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
And signal to noise ratio
Figure 190556DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
Respectively expressed as:
Figure 884581DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
（5）
Figure 29604DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
（6）
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 333547DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
representing millimeter wave base station BS and near-end user
Figure 392026DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 19185DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 318799DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
indicating the proximal array direction
Figure 313299DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
Gain;
Figure 831262DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing near-end users
Figure 312928DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Receiving a power of the noise; to the near-end user
Figure 756678DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
First remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 156917DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
To the near end user
Figure 819849DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Near-end signal of
Figure 80322DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
Direct decoding of desired far-end signal as interference
Figure 209821DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as:
Figure 319859DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
（7）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 947935DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
representing a millimeter wave base station BS and a first remote user
Figure 856723DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 425632DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 865709DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
indicating a first distal array direction
Figure 805197DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
Gain;
Figure 991327DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
representing a first remote user
Figure 262296DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
The power of the received noise;
in this case, the near-end user
Figure 642200DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
And a first remote user
Figure 323061DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
All antennas are shared, and only near-end users are required
Figure 894857DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
And a first remote user
Figure 523678DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 938347DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
And
Figure 954058DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
performing optimized allocation to maximize near-end users
Figure 52464DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
And a first remote user
Figure 930815DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
Total receiving rate of, first optimization problemTitle expressed as (P1):
Figure 567201DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
；（8）
wherein the objective function
Figure 269095DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Representing near-end users
Figure 940117DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
And a first remote user
Figure 628849DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Total received rate in a single analog beam, i.e. near-end users
Figure 218444DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
And a first remote user
Figure 641204DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Expressed as:
Figure 107345DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
；（9）
qualification C1 represents a near-end user
Figure 386885DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
And a first remote user
Figure 463776DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 424648DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
And
Figure 10874DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
the relationship between them; qualification C2 ensures that the near-end user
Figure 556256DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure 248006DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Of the remote signal
Figure 841930DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
(ii) a Qualification C3 represents a near-end user
Figure 401437DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
And a first remote user
Figure 304671DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 985183DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
And a first remote user target rate
Figure 881332DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
(ii) a Since it cannot be based on the objective function
Figure 65320DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Is directly judging the objective function
Figure 139455DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Whether it is a convex or concave function, by assuming a near-end user
Figure 480831DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
And a first remote user
Figure 682137DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Is greater than 20 db,taking an objective function
Figure 235478DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
Approximate expression of
Figure 729782DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
To obtain the optimal power distribution coefficient, namely:
Figure 119306DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
（10）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 377766DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
，
Figure 520034DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
(ii) a Thus, the first optimization problem (P1) is equivalently represented as the second optimization problem (P2):
Figure 421125DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
；（11）
now condition C4 is defined to ensure that the near-end user is present
Figure 265322DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
Can correctly decode the first remote user
Figure 792119DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Of the remote signal
Figure 70784DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
The limiting condition C5 indicates the value range of the power distribution coefficient; by analysis, an objective function in a second optimization problem (P2)
Figure 378662DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
For concave functions, by Matlab simulationAnd a convex optimization tool (CVX) in software is used for obtaining the optimized power distribution coefficient, so that NOMA transmission is realized, and resource optimized distribution is completed.
5. The method for optimized resource allocation based on tunable beams for millimeter wave communication according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, if the minimum angle difference is greater than or equal to the wave width, then the beam splitting technique is adopted to split the single analog beam into two sub-beams to implement NOMA transmission;
suppose a second remote user
Figure 726467DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
For the near-end user
Figure 276528DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
Optimized paired users of, and near-end users
Figure 908235DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
And a second remote user
Figure 869238DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
Are respectively allocated with the number of antennas as
Figure 923913DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
And
Figure 58091DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
for the near-end user
Figure 541375DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
And a second remote user
Figure 955170DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
Sub-beam for providing information transmission service
Figure 215250DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
And
Figure 402387DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
respectively expressed as:
Figure 244572DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
；（12）
Figure 812957DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
；（13）
therefore, in the case of multiple beams, the analog beam formed by the antenna array at the transmitting end is generally expressed as:
Figure 874847DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
；（14）
at this time, the near-end user
Figure 367139DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
And a second remote user
Figure 516361DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Received signal
Figure 36073DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
And
Figure 818215DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
respectively expressed as:
Figure 566728DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
（15）
Figure 879111DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
（16）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 336769DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
respectively representing second remote users
Figure 58737DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Channel vectors between the millimeter wave base station BS and the channel vectors; second far-end signal
Figure 391367DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
Presentation to a second remote user
Figure 62651DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
The signal of (a);
Figure 940477DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
representing a second remote user
Figure 933097DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Received noise;
Figure 508566DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
And
Figure 329629DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
respectively representing the near-end users under multiple analog sub-beams
Figure 581619DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
And a second remote user
Figure 91229DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
Power distribution coefficient of (2) satisfying
Figure 497153DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
According to the power distribution rule in NOMA transmission, at the BS end of the millimeter wave base station, the transmission power to the far-end user is larger than that to the near-end user, that is
Figure 861138DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
To ensure that users at a longer distance can successfully receive information; according to the decoding order of users in NOMA transmission, the near-end users
Figure 831499DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
Information acquisition by SIC technique, i.e. near-end user
Figure 795782DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
Decoding the second remote user first
Figure 775370DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
Second far-end signal of
Figure 525021DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
Then the second far-end signal is transmitted
Figure 902169DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
Removing from the received signal and decoding the near-end signal
Figure 120791DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
；
Near-end user
Figure 402606DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
Continuously decoding the second remote signal
Figure 475604DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
And near-end signal
Figure 991030DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
Corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio
Figure 762913DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
Sum signal to noise ratio
Figure 333572DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
Are respectively represented as
Figure 542967DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
（17）
Figure 524567DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
（18）
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 983362DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
representing the near-end array direction under multiple analog sub-beam conditions
Figure 295394DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
Gain; to the near-end user
Figure 126341DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
Second remote user using successive interference decoding
Figure 311465DEST_PATH_IMAGE139
To the near end user
Figure 224932DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
Near-end signal of
Figure 340656DEST_PATH_IMAGE140
Direct decoding of the desired second remote signal as interference
Figure 524644DEST_PATH_IMAGE141
Corresponding signal to noise ratio
Figure 845117DEST_PATH_IMAGE142
Expressed as:
Figure 199875DEST_PATH_IMAGE143
；（19）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 666759DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
representing the millimeter wave base station BS and the second remote user
Figure 527DEST_PATH_IMAGE145
Inter millimeter wave channel
Figure 527454DEST_PATH_IMAGE146
The gain of the small-range path fading obeys exponential distribution;
Figure 418443DEST_PATH_IMAGE147
Representing a second far-end array direction in a multi-analog sub-beam condition
Figure 361122DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
Gain;
Figure 34549DEST_PATH_IMAGE149
representing a second remote user
Figure 903017DEST_PATH_IMAGE150
The power of the received noise.
6. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S5, under the condition of multiple beams, the resource optimization allocation method is associated with the near-end user due to the influence of transmission distance and antenna allocation
Figure 779837DEST_PATH_IMAGE151
The far-end user with the smallest angular difference may not be the optimal far-end user, i.e., the near-end user
Figure 572213DEST_PATH_IMAGE151
The optimized paired users of (1);
therefore, a two-stage joint method based on optimized user grouping, antenna allocation and power allocation is provided under the condition of multiple analog sub-beams, and the total information receiving rate of a near-end user and a second far-end user is further improved, and the method comprises the following steps:
s5.1, constructing an optimized antenna allocation and user pairing algorithm based on transmission distance and departure angle, and aiming at realizing the maximization of the total receiving rate of a near-end user and a second far-end user under the condition of fixed power allocation to obtain user pairing and antenna optimal allocation information;
and S5.2, acquiring an optimal power distribution coefficient by a convex optimization method according to the acquired user pairing and antenna optimal distribution information and by taking the receiving rate of each information receiving user, the total number of antennas and the minimum antenna distribution number as a target under the constraint condition that the total receiving rate of a near-end user and the total receiving rate of a second far-end user are maximized.
7. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams according to claim 6, wherein in step S5.1, the near-end user is first fixed
Figure 549746DEST_PATH_IMAGE151
And a second remote user
Figure 339848DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
Power distribution coefficient of
Figure 703964DEST_PATH_IMAGE153
And
Figure 18140DEST_PATH_IMAGE154
satisfy the following requirements
Figure 338262DEST_PATH_IMAGE155
While assuming millimeter wave base stations BS to employ beam trackingThe technology obtains LOS link information between the millimeter wave base station BS and all users in advance; in the case of user pairing and antenna allocation, the third optimization problem of maximizing the user reception rate can be represented as (P3):
Figure 846735DEST_PATH_IMAGE156
（20）
wherein, will
Figure 199613DEST_PATH_IMAGE157
And
Figure 333791DEST_PATH_IMAGE158
substituting the equations (18) and (19) to obtain the total receiving rate of the near-end user and the second far-end user
Figure 259153DEST_PATH_IMAGE159
(ii) a The qualification C6 represents the scheduling variables of the user, which means:
Figure 968220DEST_PATH_IMAGE160
；（21）
qualification C7 represents a near-end user
Figure 493880DEST_PATH_IMAGE161
And a second remote user
Figure 385743DEST_PATH_IMAGE162
The achievable rates are not lower than the target rates of the near-end users respectively
Figure 477196DEST_PATH_IMAGE163
And a second remote user target rate
Figure 88656DEST_PATH_IMAGE164
；
Define a limitCondition C8 represents a near-end user
Figure 852344DEST_PATH_IMAGE161
And a second remote user
Figure 797166DEST_PATH_IMAGE162
Number of antennas allocated
Figure 461235DEST_PATH_IMAGE165
And
Figure 200521DEST_PATH_IMAGE166
is composed of
Figure 451505DEST_PATH_IMAGE167
；
Qualification C9 represents a near-end user
Figure 200018DEST_PATH_IMAGE161
And a second remote user
Figure 721522DEST_PATH_IMAGE162
The minimum number of antennas allocated is
Figure 897289DEST_PATH_IMAGE168
；
The effective channel fading of the objective function in the third optimization problem P3 is a periodic trigonometric function following the number of antennas, so the considered third optimization problem P3 is a non-convex integer programming problem, and a user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is adopted to solve the problems of user pairing and antenna allocation.
8. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams according to claim 7, wherein two definitions related to user pairing and antenna allocation need to be preset in the user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm, which are specifically as follows:
definition 1: suppose thatPresence and near end user
Figure 635569DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
Related two-user pairing scheme
Figure 718931DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
And
Figure 357592DEST_PATH_IMAGE171
respectively corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategies as
Figure 438680DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
And
Figure 664256DEST_PATH_IMAGE173
near end user
Figure 754572DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
The preference relationship of (a) is defined as:
Figure 268247DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
；（22）
Figure 785816DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
and
Figure 233109DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
respectively representaIs first and secondbThe information is transmitted to the user of the individual information receiver,
Figure 861537DEST_PATH_IMAGE177
and
Figure 474789DEST_PATH_IMAGE178
respectively representing near-end users
Figure 163260DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 301111DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 733229DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
A first pairing scheme and a second pairing scheme for pairing;
Figure 203918DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
and
Figure 63290DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
respectively represent a first pairing scheme
Figure 485175DEST_PATH_IMAGE177
And a second pairing scheme
Figure 455405DEST_PATH_IMAGE178
Middle near-end user
Figure 43250DEST_PATH_IMAGE169
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 73523DEST_PATH_IMAGE175
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 435234DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
The first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy;
the position information of the user, including the distance and the departure angle with the millimeter wave base station BS, and the first optimized antenna allocation strategy and the second optimized antenna allocation strategy are substituted into the objective function in the formula (20), so that the first pairing scheme can be obtained
Figure 225467DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 887392DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
Near-end user of time
Figure 600484DEST_PATH_IMAGE182
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 246229DEST_PATH_IMAGE183
Total receiving rate of
Figure 574573DEST_PATH_IMAGE184
And in the second pairing scheme
Figure 356584DEST_PATH_IMAGE185
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 977927DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
Near-end user of time
Figure 110968DEST_PATH_IMAGE186
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 977424DEST_PATH_IMAGE187
Total receiving rate of
Figure 879521DEST_PATH_IMAGE188
；
Figure 409116DEST_PATH_IMAGE189
Representing near-end users
Figure 29453DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
Is more inclined to the firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 699600DEST_PATH_IMAGE191
Pairing due to near-end user
Figure 190624DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 684929DEST_PATH_IMAGE191
In the second pairing scheme
Figure 526983DEST_PATH_IMAGE185
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 735241DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
Lower end user
Figure 815193DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
And a firstbIndividual information receiving user
Figure 946310DEST_PATH_IMAGE191
Total receiving rate of greater than or equal to near-end user
Figure 275660DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 553189DEST_PATH_IMAGE192
In the first pairing scheme
Figure 284384DEST_PATH_IMAGE181
And a first optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 589333DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
Near-end user of time
Figure 609241DEST_PATH_IMAGE190
And a firstaIndividual information receiving user
Figure 956040DEST_PATH_IMAGE192
The total reception rate of;
obtaining an optimal first optimal antenna allocation strategy by using a one-dimensional full search method under the limiting conditions of antenna allocation C8 and C9
Figure 541742DEST_PATH_IMAGE179
And a second optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 20522DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
；
Definition 2: suppose ini'In the second iteration, users are grouped into
Figure 855622DEST_PATH_IMAGE193
Corresponding optimized antenna allocation of
Figure 740533DEST_PATH_IMAGE194
And if and only if:
Figure 430009DEST_PATH_IMAGE195
；（22）
near-end user
Figure 906121DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
Will leave its packet asi'A pairing scheme
Figure 431780DEST_PATH_IMAGE197
And is connected withi'+1 information receiving users
Figure 147146DEST_PATH_IMAGE198
Form a new packet, i.e. the second i'+1 pairing schemes
Figure 520489DEST_PATH_IMAGE199
Receiving information to the user's location information andi'optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 134879DEST_PATH_IMAGE200
And a first step ofi'+1 optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 695304DEST_PATH_IMAGE201
Objective function acquisition in a surrogate formula (20)
Figure 423482DEST_PATH_IMAGE202
And
Figure 635021DEST_PATH_IMAGE203
wherein
Figure 656198DEST_PATH_IMAGE204
Is shown ini'A pairing scheme
Figure 733613DEST_PATH_IMAGE197
And optimizing antenna allocation strategies
Figure 701700DEST_PATH_IMAGE200
Near-end user of time
Figure 33324DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 213287DEST_PATH_IMAGE205
The total reception rate of (a) is,
Figure 748304DEST_PATH_IMAGE206
is shown ini'+1 pairing schemes
Figure 566088DEST_PATH_IMAGE207
And corresponding optimized antenna allocation strategy
Figure 470328DEST_PATH_IMAGE201
Near-end user of time
Figure 302148DEST_PATH_IMAGE196
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 573730DEST_PATH_IMAGE208
The total reception rate of;
Figure 447401DEST_PATH_IMAGE209
indicates the newly formed secondi'+1 pairing scheme
Figure 707612DEST_PATH_IMAGE210
By removing the user i.e. firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 740028DEST_PATH_IMAGE211
And joining the user i.e. secondi'+1 information receiving user
Figure 498906DEST_PATH_IMAGE208
Composition is carried out;
Figure 612486DEST_PATH_IMAGE212
indicating the optimized antenna allocation strategy corresponding to the newly formed user pair by removing the antenna allocation strategy of the last iteration
Figure 976472DEST_PATH_IMAGE213
And adding the optimized antenna allocation strategy of the iteration
Figure 176859DEST_PATH_IMAGE214
Composition is carried out; subsequently updating user pairing information
Figure 173765DEST_PATH_IMAGE215
And antenna allocation information
Figure 340304DEST_PATH_IMAGE216
。
9. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimization allocation method based on tunable beams according to claim 8, wherein in step S5.1, the user pairing and antenna allocation algorithm is as follows:
initialization: from a set of users
Figure 339222DEST_PATH_IMAGE217
One user closest to the millimeter wave base station BS is selected to be set as a near-end user for NOMA transmission
Figure 683747DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
User set
Figure 151637DEST_PATH_IMAGE219
Removing a user
Figure 170802DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
The set of remaining users formed later is
Figure 728954DEST_PATH_IMAGE220
，
Figure 555964DEST_PATH_IMAGE221
Defining an iterative initialization index
Figure 963681DEST_PATH_IMAGE222
Simultaneously, the antennas of the millimeter wave base station BS are all distributed to near-end users
Figure 472022DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
Namely initializing an optimized antenna allocation strategy;
the first step is as follows: in the first placei'An iteration cycle, near end user
Figure 619101DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a first step ofi'Individual information receiving user
Figure 617013DEST_PATH_IMAGE223
Forming a NOMA packet when the near-end user is present
Figure 509096DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 821128DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
Pairing, obtaining the optimal antenna allocation strategy according to the beam splitting technology, the objective function of the formula (19) and the one-dimensional full search method in the definition 2, and calculating to obtain the near-end user at the moment
Figure 353872DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 725947DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
Maximum total reception rate of; if the near-end user
Figure 373835DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 489559DEST_PATH_IMAGE224
The maximum total receiving rate is larger than the near-end user when the matching is carried out
Figure 142388DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 888627DEST_PATH_IMAGE223
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, ini'+1 iteration cycles, optimal user pairing and antenna allocation as
Figure 761162DEST_PATH_IMAGE225
And
Figure 211735DEST_PATH_IMAGE226
(ii) a If the near-end user
Figure 453491DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'+1 information receiving users
Figure 432949DEST_PATH_IMAGE227
The maximum total receiving rate in the pairing process is not more than that of the near-end user
Figure 524270DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And a firsti'Individual information receiving user
Figure 981797DEST_PATH_IMAGE228
Maximum total receiving rate in pairing, in i'The original user pairing and antenna allocation information are kept in +1 iteration periods;
the second step: repeating the iterative operation until the near-end user
Figure 609218DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
The paired information receiving users are not replaced, and the near-end user is obtained at the moment
Figure 759577DEST_PATH_IMAGE218
And (4) optimal paired users and corresponding antenna allocation.
10. The millimeter wave communication-oriented resource optimal allocation method based on tunable beams according to claim 9, wherein in step S5.2, according to the obtained user pairing and antenna optimal allocation information, the same power allocation scheme as that in the case of single beam is used to obtain an optimal power allocation coefficient.
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